Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de deux vagues d'enquêtes réalisées sur la période 2010-2013 auprès de 1 596 participants âgés de 15 à 23 ans, cette étude analyse la corrélation entre l'utilisation du narguilé ou du snus et la consommation ultérieure de cigarettes chez les participants n'ayant jamais fumé

Alternative tobacco products as a second front in the war on tobacco

Amrock, S. M. ; Weitzman, M.

Importance : Many adolescents and young adults use alternative tobacco products, such as water pipes and snus, instead of cigarettes. Objective : To assess whether prior water pipe tobacco smoking and snus use among never smokers are risk factors for subsequent cigarette smoking. Design, Setting, and Participants : We conducted a 2-wave national longitudinal study in the United States among 2541 individuals aged 15 to 23 years old. At baseline (October 25, 2010, through June 11, 2011), we [...]

Menée auprès d'un échantillon réprésentatif des adolescents américains incluant 13 651 participants âgés de 12 à 17 ans, cette étude analyse leur utilisation des produits tabagiques aromatisés et les raisons expliquant cette utilisation

Flavored tobacco product use among us youth aged 12-17 years, 2013-2014

Ambrose, B. K. ; Day, H. R. ; Rostron, B. ; et al.,

Most tobacco use begins during youth and young adulthood.1 Recent declines in prevalence of cigarette smoking among youth have coincided with increased use of e-cigarettes and hookahs.2 Although flavors other than menthol are prohibited in cigarettes in the United States,3 flavored noncigarette tobacco products are widely available and may appeal to youth. We examined flavored tobacco use among a nationally representative sample of US youth.

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2015 (20 études incluant au total 3 955 cas et 7 063 témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de vitamine C consommée quotidiennement via l'alimentation et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage

Association between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer: A dose–response meta-analysis

Bo, Yacong ; Lu, Yan ; Zhao, Yan ; Zhao, Erjiang ; Yuan, Ling ; Lu, Weiquan ; Cui, Lingling ; Lu, Quanjun

While several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between vitamin C and risk of esophageal cancer, the results remain inconsistent. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of dietary vitamin C intake on esophageal cancer risk. Online databases were searched up to March 29, 2015, for studies on the association between dietary vitamin C intake and esophageal cancer risk. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence [...]

Mené sur 386 patients ayant présenté au moins deux cancers de la peau hors mélanome au cours des 5 années précédentes, cet essai de phase III évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux de nouveau cancer de la peau (carcinome épidermoïde ou carcinome basocellulaire) diagnostiqué durant la durée du traitement, et la toxicité de la nicotinamide (vitamine B3) administrée oralement deux fois par jour pendant 12 mois

A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention

Chen, Andrew C. ; Martin, Andrew J. ; Choy, Bonita ; Fernandez-Peñas, Pablo ; Dalziell, Robyn A. ; McKenzie, Catriona A. ; Scolyer, Richard A. ; Dhillon, Haryana M. ; Vardy, Janette L. ; Kricker, Anne ; St. George, Gayathri ; Chinniah, Niranthari ; Halliday, Gary M. ; Damian, Diona L.

Background : Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective effects against damage caused by UV radiation and to reduce the rate of new premalignant actinic keratoses. Methods : In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, 386 participants who had had at least two [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 346 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate traité par prostatectomie, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine et d'autres anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer de la prostate en fonction de la présence du gène de fusion TMPRSS2:ERG

Aspirin and NSAID use in association with molecular subtypes of prostate cancer defined by TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status

Wright, J. L. ; Chery, L. ; Holt, S. ; Lin, D. W. ; Luedeke, M. ; Rinckleb, A. E. ; Maier, C. ; Stanford, J. L.

Background : The TMPRSS2:ERG (T2E) gene fusion is the most common rearrangement in prostate cancer (PCa). It is unknown if these molecular subtypes have a different etiology. We evaluated aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in association with T2E fusion status. Methods : Subjects were from a population-based case-control study of PCa. T2E fusion status for prostatectomy cases (n=346) was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Medication use was [...]

Menée auprès de 4 606 patients atteints d'un carcinome à cellules rénales et auprès de 46 060 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines et le risque de développer la maladie

Long-term Use of Statins and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma : A Population-based Case–Control Study

Pottegård, Anton ; Clark, Peter ; Friis, Søren ; Hallas, Jesper ; Lund, Lars

Background : Use of statins has been suggested to protect against renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, studies have typically been underpowered, and the results are conflicting. Objective : To determine whether the use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of RCC using high-quality registry data. Design, setting, and participants : We conducted a nationwide case–control study based on all histologically verified cases of RCC in Denmark between 2002 and 2012 (n = 4606) matched 1:10 to [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 1 229 patients atteints d'un cancer de la thyroïde et sur 7 374 témoins, cette étude met en évidence l'absence d'association entre l'utilisation de metformine ou d'autres antidiabétiques et une réduction du risque de cancer de la thyroïde

No evidence for a decreased risk of thyroid cancer in association with use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs: a case-control study

Becker, Claudia ; Jick, Susan ; Meier, Christoph ; Bodmer, Michael

Background : Use of metformin has been associated with a decreased cancer risk. We aimed to explore whether use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs is associated with a decreased risk for thyroid cancer. Methods : We conducted a case-control analysis (1995 to 2014) using the U.K.-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Cases had a first-time diagnosis of thyroid cancer, six controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données d'une enquête en ligne réalisée en 2012 auprès de 1 753 médecins ou infirmières, cette étude évalue leurs connaissances vis-à-vis de l'efficacité du vaccin anti papillomavirus humain pour prévenir la survenue de certains cancers, puis analyse les recommandations prodiguées aux patientes

Providers' beliefs about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cancer and their recommended age groups for vaccination : Findings from a provider survey, 2012

Berkowitz, Z. ; Malone, M. ; Rodriguez, J. ; Saraiya, M.

Background : The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was recommended in 2007 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to preadolescent and adolescent girls. Vaccination initiation was recommended at age 11–12 years with the option to start at age 9. Catchup vaccination was recommended to females aged 13–26 previously not vaccinated. However, vaccination coverage remains low. Studies show that the HPV vaccine can prevent cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal and some oropharyngeal [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête nationale de santé réalisée en 2005 puis en 2010 auprès de 1 880 et 1 531 travailleurs âgés de 18 à 24 ans, cette étude américaine analyse l'évolution des comportements tabagiques en fonction des catégories professionnelles

Changes in Cigarette Smoking Behavior among US Young Workers from 2005 to 2010: The Role of Occupation

Asfar, Taghrid ; Arheart, Kristopher L. ; Dietz, Noella A. ; Caban-Martinez, Alberto J. ; Fleming, Lora E. ; Lee, David J.

Introduction : Young adult workers (18-24 years) in the US have been identified as a high-risk group for smoking. This study compares changes in smoking behavior by occupational class among this group between 2005 and 2010. Methods : Data were pooled from the Tobacco Supplement in the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey. All respondents 18-24 years who reported that they were employed during the two surveys were selected (n=1,880 in 2005; and n=1,531 in 2010). Weighted percentages [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête en ligne réalisée en 2014 auprès de 776 pédiatres ou médecins généralistes, cette étude évalue la qualité des recommandations prodiguées à leurs patientes en matière de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

Quality of Physician Communication about Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Findings from a National Survey

Gilkey, Melissa B. ; Malo, Teri L. ; Shah, Parth D. ; Hall, Megan E. ; Brewer, Noel T.

Background : Improving the quality of physicians’ recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is critical to addressing low coverage. Thus, we sought to describe HPV vaccine communication practices among primary care physicians. Methods : Pediatricians and family physicians (n = 776) completed our national online survey in 2014. We assessed the quality of their HPV vaccine recommendations on strength of endorsement (i.e., saying the vaccine is important), timeliness (recommending [...]