Menée aux Etats-Unis sur une cohorte multiethnique incluant 83 300 participantes âgées de 45 à 75 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 15 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre tabagisme et risque de cancer du sein (4 484 cas)

Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Population of Mainly Women Who Do Not Drink Alcohol: The MEC Study

Gram, Inger T. ; Park, Song-Yi ; Kolonel, Laurence N. ; Maskarinec, Gertraud ; Wilkens, Lynne R. ; Henderson, Brian E. ; Le Marchand, Loic

We prospectively examined the association between smoking and the risk of breast cancer in a racially/ethnically diverse population comprising mainly women who did not drink alcohol. From 1993 to 2010, we followed 83,300 women who were enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort Study at 45–75 years of age. We identified cancer cases via linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registries that covered the states of Hawaii and California through December 2010. We used Cox [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès de 45 231 hommes et 160 408 femmes (durée de suivi : 26 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de riz, susceptible de contenir des niveaux élevés d'arsenic, et le risque de cancer (31 655 cas)

Rice consumption and cancer incidence in US men and women

Zhang, Ran ; Zhang, Xuehong ; Wu, Kana ; Wu, Hongyu ; Sun, Qi ; Hu, Frank B. ; Han, Jiali ; Willett, Walter C. ; Giovannucci, Edward L.

While both the 2012 and 2014 Consumer Reports concerned arsenic levels in US rice, no previous study has evaluated long-term consumption of total rice, white rice and brown rice in relation to risk of developing cancers. We investigated this in the female Nurses' Health Study (1984–2010), and Nurses' Health Study II (1989–2009), and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2008), which included a total of 45,231 men and 160,408 women, free of cancer at baseline. Validated food [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 308 297 travailleurs américains, britanniques ou français du secteur nucléaire (durée de suivi : 8,2 millions de personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition prolongée à de faibles doses de rayonnements ionisants et le risque de cancer (17 957 cas de tumeur solide)

Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS)

Richardson, David B ; Cardis, Elisabeth ; Daniels, Robert D ; Gillies, Michael ; O’Hagan, Jacqueline A ; Hamra, Ghassan B ; Haylock, Richard ; Laurier, Dominique ; Leuraud, Klervi ; Moissonnier, Monika ; Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K ; Thierry-Chef, Isabelle ; Kesminiene, Ausrele

Study question : Is protracted exposure to low doses of ionising radiation associated with an increased risk of solid cancer ? Methods : In this cohort study, 308 297 workers in the nuclear industry from France, the United Kingdom, and the United States with detailed monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation were linked to death registries. Excess relative rate per Gy of radiation dose for mortality from cancer was estimated. Follow-up encompassed 8.2 million person years. Of [...]

Menée au Danemark sur 9 129 enfants sains et à l'aide de données portant sur 3 277 patients pédiatriques atteints d'une leucémie, d'une tumeur du système nerveux central ou d'un lymphome diagnostiqué entre 1968 et 2003, cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition résidentielle à des champs magnétiques de fréquence extrêmement basse et le risque de développer ces maladies

Residential exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukaemia, CNS tumour and lymphoma in Denmark

Pedersen, Camilla ; Johansen, Christoffer ; Schüz, Joachim ; Olsen, Jorgen H. ; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

Background : We previously reported that children exposed to elevated extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) had a five to six times higher risk of leukaemia, central nervous system (CNS) tumour and malignant lymphoma. Here we extend the study from 1968 to 1986 through 2003. Methods : We included 3277 children with leukaemia, CNS tumour or malignant lymphoma during 1968–2003 recorded in the Danish Cancer Registry and 9129 controls randomly selected from the Danish childhood [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études sur l'association entre une exposition aux ultraviolets et le risque de mélanome acro-lentigineux

Is UV an etiological factor of acral melanoma ?

Liu, Lin ; Zhang, Weigang ; Gao, Tianwen ; Li, Chunying

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental risk factor for melanoma, particularly among Caucasians. However, studies have generated conflicting results on the role of UV exposure in the development of acral melanoma, the most prevalent subtype of melanoma in non-Caucasians. In this review, we analyzed studies that have examined the relationship between acral melanoma and UV and show that acral melanoma has specific epidemiological and genetic characteristics, with a lower frequency or [...]

Menée au Danemark à partir de données portant sur 914 595 femmes âgées de 50 à 79 ans (durée de suivi : 14 ans), cette étude évalue l'effet de traitements hormonaux substitutifs sur le risque de cancer de l'endomètre par type histologique

The influence of hormone therapies on type I and II endometrial cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Mørch, Lina S. ; Kjær, Susanne K. ; Keiding, Niels ; Løkkegaard, Ellen ; Lidegaard, Øjvind

The influence of hormone therapy (HT) on risk for endometrial cancer is still casting which type of HT the clinicians recommend. It is unrevealed if HT has a differential influence on Type I versus Type II endometrial tumors, and little is known about the influence of, e.g., different routes of administration and about the influence of tibolone. We followed all Danish women aged 50–79 years without previous cancer or hysterectomy (n = 914,595) during 1995–2009. From the National Prescription [...]

Menée en Suède à partir de données portant sur 12 242 patientes présentant une maladie cardiaque ayant nécessité le remplacement d'une valve par une prothèse mécanique ou biologique, cette étude évalue le risque de cancer du sein en fonction du type de prothèse reçue

Risk of breast cancer among patients with bioprosthetic or mechanical valve replacement: a population-based study in Sweden

Ji, Jianguang ; Zöller, Bengt ; Giaccia, Amato ; Haile, Robert ; Sundquist, Jan ; Sundquist, Kristina

The association between breast cancer and warfarin is inconclusive as most previous studies examined their association using patients with thromboembolism, whereas thromboembolism itself is a risk factor for cancer. We explored this issue using patients received mechanical heart valves replacement as a proxy for warfarin exposure as these patients need a lifelong warfarin treatment, and compared them with patients received bioprosthesis valves replacement (short-term warfarin treatment) in [...]

Menée sur 1 611 patients atteints d'un cancer et sur 13 013 témoins, cette étude met en évidence une association entre la présence du variant I1307K sur un allèle du gène APC et une augmentation significative du risque de cancer non colorectal

The APC I1307K allele conveys a significant increased risk for cancer

Leshno, Ari ; Shapira, Shiran ; Liberman, Eliezer ; Kraus, Sarah ; Sror, Miri ; Harlap-Gat, Amira ; Avivi, Doran ; Galazan, Lior ; David, Maayan ; Maharshak, Nitsan ; Moanis, Serhan ; Arber, Nadir ; Moshkowitz, Menachem

This study is the first attempt to evaluate the association between the APC I1307K variant and overall cancer risk. It is unique in both its large sample size and in the reliability of data in the control group. The findings described in this article have major implications in terms of identifying asymptomatic individuals who are at increased risk to harbor cancer and therefore targeted to be enrolled in specific early detection and prevention programs. The prevalence of the APC I1307K missense [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (24 articles), cette méta-analyse identifie les facteurs de risque associés au développement de tumeurs neuro-endocrines

Risk factors for neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Leoncini, Emanuele ; Carioli, Greta ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Boccia, Stefania ; Rindi, Guido

Background : Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare cancers mainly of lung and digestive tract. Little is known on risk factors. Aim of this work is to define the risk factors for NEN development by extensive review and meta-analysis of published data. Methods : The search was conducted on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for study quality. Meta-analyses were conducted by [...]

Menée sur 2 490 adultes âgés de 70 à 79 ans (durée médiane de suivi : 11,9 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre une élévation chronique des niveaux sanguins de trois marqueurs de l'inflammation systémique (Interleukine IL-6, TNF-alpha et protéine C réactive) et le risque de cancer colorectal (55 cas) ou de cancer lié à l'obésité (172 cas)

Chronic inflammation and risk of colorectal and other obesity-related cancers: The health, aging and body composition study

Izano, Monika ; Wei, Esther K. ; Tai, Caroline ; Swede, Helen ; Gregorich, Steven ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Klepin, Heidi ; Satterfield, Suzanne ; Murphy, Rachel ; Newman, Anne B. ; Rubin, Susan M. ; Braithwaite, Dejana ; for the Health, A. B. C. study

Evidence of the association between chronic inflammation and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other obesity-related cancers (OBRC) remains inconsistent, possibly due to a paucity of studies examining repeated measures of inflammation. In the Health ABC prospective study of 2,490 adults aged 70–79 years at baseline, we assessed whether circulating levels of three markers of systemic inflammation, IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, were associated with the risk of CRC and OBRC, a cluster including [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (27 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre allaitement et risque de cancer du sein par sous-type moléculaire (36 881 cas)

Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Islami, F. ; Liu, Y. ; Jemal, A. ; Zhou, J. ; Weiderpass, E. ; Colditz, G. ; Boffetta, P. ; Weiss, M.

Background : Breastfeeding is inversely associated with overall risk of breast cancer. This association may differ in breast cancer subtypes defined by receptor status, as they may reflect different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control and prospective cohort studies to investigate the association between breastfeeding and breast cancer by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [...]

Menée sur 6 059 patients atteints d'une tumeur germinale du testicule et 19 094 témoins, cette étude d'association sur le génome entier identifie quatre nouveaux loci de susceptiblité à la maladie

Identification of four new susceptibility loci for testicular germ cell tumour

Litchfield, Kevin ; Holroyd, Amy ; Lloyd, Amy ; Broderick, Peter ; Nsengimana, Jeremie ; Eeles, Rosalind ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Dudakia, Darshna ; Bishop, D. Timothy ; Reid, Alison ; Huddart, Robert A. ; Grotmol, Tom ; Wiklund, Fredrik ; Shipley, Janet ; Houlston, Richard S. ; Turnbull, Clare

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk loci for testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT), revealing a polygenic model of disease susceptibility strongly influenced by common variation. To identify additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TGCT, we conducted a multistage GWAS with a combined data set of >25,000 individuals (6,059 cases and 19,094 controls). We identified new risk loci for TGCT at 3q23 (rs11705932, TFDP2, P=1.5 [times] 10-9), [...]