Cet article présente la quatrième édition de l'"European Code against Cancer" sur l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de cancer

European Code Against Cancer, 4th edition: Tobacco and cancer

Leon, Maria E. ; Peruga, Armando ; McNeill, Ann ; Kralikova, Eva ; Guha, Neela ; Minozzi, Silvia ; Espina, Carolina ; Schüz, Joachim

Tobacco use, and in particular cigarette smoking, is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the European Union (EU). All tobacco products contain a wide range of carcinogens. The main cancer-causing agents in tobacco smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, aromatic amines, aldehydes, and certain volatile organic compounds. Tobacco consumers are also exposed to nicotine, leading to tobacco addiction in many users. Cigarette smoking causes cancer in [...]

A partir des données de 23 études incluant 19 660 cas et 25 566 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre un tabagisme léger (<10 cigarettes par jour) et le risque de cancer de la tête et du cou

Low frequency of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer in the INHANCE consortium pooled analysis

Berthiller, Julien ; Straif, Kurt ; Agudo, Antonio ; Ahrens, Wolfgang ; Bezerra dos Santos, Alexandre ; Boccia, Stefania ; Cadoni, Gabriella ; Canova, Cristina ; Castellsagué, Xavier ; Chen, Chu ; Conway, David ; Curado, Maria Paula ; Dal Maso, Luigino ; Daudt, Alexander W ; Fabianova, Eleonora ; Fernandez, Leticia ; Franceschi, Silvia ; Fukuyama, Erica E ; Hayes, Richard B ; Healy, Claire ; Herrero, Rolando ; Holcatova, Ivana ; Kelsey, Karl ; Kjaerheim, Kristina ; Koifman, Sergio ; Lagiou, Pagona ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Lazarus, Philip ; Levi, Fabio ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Macfarlane, Tatiana ; Mates, Dana ; McClean, Michael ; Menezes, Ana ; Merletti, Franco ; Morgenstern, Hal ; Muscat, Joshua ; Olshan, Andrew F ; Purdue, Mark ; Ramroth, Heribert ; Rudnai, Peter ; Schwartz, Stephen M ; Serraino, Diego ; Shangina, Oxana ; Smith, Elaine ; Sturgis, Erich M ; Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila ; Thomson, Peter ; Vaughan, Thomas L ; Vilensky, Marta ; Wei, Qingyi ; Winn, Deborah M ; Wünsch-Filho, Victor ; Zhang, Zuo-Feng ; Znaor, Ariana ; Ferro, Gilles ; Brennan, Paul ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Hashibe, Mia ; Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy

Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). To our knowledge, low cigarette smoking (<10 cigarettes per day) has not been extensively investigated in fine categories or among never alcohol drinkers. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data from 23 independent case-control studies including 19 660 HNC cases and 25 566 controls. After exclusion of subjects using other tobacco products including cigars, pipes, snuffed or chewed [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de la cohorte "Health Professionals Follow-up Study", cette étude évalue l'association entre le temps passé en position assise à regarder la télévision et d'autres comportements sédentaires, la mortalité par cancer de la prostate et la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Television watching and colorectal cancer survival in men

Cao, Yin ; Meyerhardt, JeffreyA ; Chan, AndrewT ; Wu, Kana ; Fuchs, CharlesS ; Giovannucci, EdwardL

Purpose : To assess the association between pre- and postdiagnostic time spent sitting watching TV as well as other sedentary behaviors (other sitting at home and at work/driving) and mortality from colorectal cancer or other causes, and overall mortality. Methods : We followed stage I–III colorectal cancer patients from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2010). Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results : A total of 926 and [...]

Menée en Italie auprès de 223 cas et 52 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition cumulée à de l'amiante, d'origine environnementale ou professionnelle, et le risque de mésothéliome pleural

Pleural mesothelioma and occupational and non-occupational asbestos exposure: a case-control study with quantitative risk assessment

Ferrante, Daniela ; Mirabelli, Dario ; Tunesi, Sara ; Terracini, Benedetto ; Magnani, Corrado

Objectives : Casale Monferrato (north west Italy) is an area with an exceptionally high incidence of mesothelioma caused by asbestos contamination at work and in the general environment from the asbestos-cement Eternit plant that was operational until 1986. The purpose of this study was to quantify the association between pleural malignant mesothelioma (PMM) and asbestos cumulative exposure using individual assessment of environmental and domestic exposure, as well as of occupational exposure. [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "Women’s Health Initiative" incluant 76 493 participantes, cette étude de cohorte observationnelle évalue l'association entre une exposition, professionnelle ou à domicile, à des insecticides, et le risque de lymphome ou de leucémie

Insecticide exposure and farm history in relation to risk of lymphomas and leukemias in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) observational study cohort

Schinasi, L. ; De Roos, A. J. ; Ray, R. M. ; Edlefsen, K. L. ; Parks, C. G. ; Howard, B. V. ; Meliker, J. R. ; Bonner, M. R. ; Wallace, R. B. ; LaCroix, A. Z.

Purpose : Relationships of farm history and insecticide exposure at home or work with lymphohematopoietic (LH) neoplasm risk were investigated in a large prospective cohort of United States women. Methods : In questionnaires, women self-reported history living or working on a farm, personally mixing or applying insecticides, insecticide application in the home or workplace by a commercial service, and treating pets with insecticides. Relationships with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 2 092 cas et 2 353 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition auto-rapportée à des produits chimiques et des métaux lourds (pesticides, amiante, benzène, hydrocarbures chlorés, etc) et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Exposure to environmental chemicals and heavy metals, and risk of pancreatic cancer

Antwi, SamuelO ; Eckert, ElizabethC ; Sabaque, CorinnaV ; Leof, EmmaR ; Hawthorne, KieranM ; Bamlet, WilliamR ; Chaffee, KariG ; Oberg, AnnL ; Petersen, GloriaM

Purpose : Exposure to various chemicals and heavy metals has been associated with risk of different cancers; however, data on whether such exposures may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) are very limited and inconclusive. We examined PC risk with self-reported exposures to chemicals and heavy metals. Methods : The design was a clinic-based, case–control study of data collected from 2000 to 2014 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Cases were rapidly ascertained patients [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (10 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une exposition à des pesticides organochlorés et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Organochlorine pesticides and prostate cancer, Is there an association? A meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence

Lewis-Mikhael, Anne-Mary ; Olmedo-Requena, Rocío ; Martínez-Ruiz, Virginia ; Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora ; Jiménez-Moleón, JoséJuan

Purpose : The results of epidemiological studies about exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and risk of prostate cancer (PC) are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between exposure to specific OCPs and PC. Methods : We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science databases for case–control and cohort studies published till March 2015 that provided data about exposure to OCPs and PC. We also contacted authors and hand-searched references of the included [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2015 (2 études de cohorte, 5 études cas-témoins, 1 étude transversale), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre le taux de concentration de cadmium mesuré dans les urines et le risque de cancer du sein

Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Larsson, Susanna C. ; Orsini, Nicola ; Wolk, Alicja

Cadmium is a toxic and persistent heavy metal with estrogenic activities. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies of the association between urinary cadmium concentration, a biomarker of cadmium exposure, and breast cancer risk. Studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase (to March 15, 2015) and by reviewing the reference lists of pertinent articles. Study-specific risk estimates were combined by using a random-effects [...]

Menée au Danemark à partir de données portant sur 2, 5 millions de naissances et sur 5 700 patients pédiatriques atteints d'un cancer diagnostiqué avant l'âge de 20 ans, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre la position dans la fratrie et le risque de cancer durant l'enfance

Birth order and risk of childhood cancer in the Danish birth cohort of 1973–2010

Schüz, Joachim ; Luta, George ; Erdmann, Friederike ; Ferro, Gilles ; Bautz, Andrea ; Simony, SofieBay ; Dalton, SusanneOksbjerg ; Lightfoot, Tracy ; Winther, JeanetteFalck

Purpose : Many studies have investigated the possible association between birth order and risk of childhood cancer, although the evidence to date has been inconsistent. Birth order has been used as a marker for various in utero or childhood exposures and is relatively straightforward to assess. Methods : Data were obtained on all children born in Denmark between 1973 and 2010, involving almost 2.5 million births and about 5,700 newly diagnosed childhood cancers before the age of 20 years. Data [...]

Menée en Suède à partir de données portant sur 19 924 participants, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre une mauvaise hygiène buccale et le risque de cancer du pancréas (126 cas)

A prospective cohort study on poor oral hygiene and pancreatic cancer risk

Huang, Jiaqi ; Roosaar, Ann ; Axéll, Tony ; Ye, Weimin

Poor oral hygiene has been proposed to increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. We aim to assess this hypothesis, using number of teeth, dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions examined at baseline as a proxy for oral hygiene. During 1973–74 a population-based prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions was carried out in Uppsala County in central Sweden. We followed the study population through linkages with the Swedish Cancer and Total Population registers. A total of 19,924 participants were [...]

Menée à Taïwan auprès de 14 737 participantes, cette étude en population évalue l'association entre des prescriptions de médicaments antidépresseurs et le risque de cancer du sein

Relationship between antidepressant prescription and breast cancer: a population based study in Taiwan

Chen, Vincent Chin-Hung ; Liao, Yin-To ; Yeh, Dah-Cherng ; Tseng, Hsien-Chun ; Stewart, Robert ; Lee, Charles Tzu-Chi

Objective : To investigate the association between antidepressant prescription and breast cancer. Methods : The National Health Research Institute in Taiwan provided a database of 1 000 000 random subjects for this study. We identified 14 737 new antidepressant female users who were more than 15 years old during 1999–2005 with at least 10 prescriptions and one year exposure to an antidepressant. These were matched 1:1 by age and residence to non-antidepressant users from the same database to [...]

A partir de données de 12 études incluant 8 981 cas et 10 090 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation régulière d'un rince-bouche, qui contient souvent de l'alcool, et le risque de cancer de la tête et du cou (cavité buccale, pharynx, larynx)

Mouthwash use and cancer of the head and neck: a pooled analysis from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium

Boffetta, Paolo ; Hayes, Richard B. ; Sartori, Samantha ; Lee, Yuan-Chin A. ; Muscat, Joshua ; Olshan, Andrew ; Winn, Deborah M. ; Castellsagué, Xavier ; Zhang, Zuo-Feng ; Morgenstern, Hal ; Chen, Chu ; Schwartz, Stephen M. ; Vaughan, Thomas L. ; Wünsch-Filho, Victor ; Purdue, Mark ; Koifman, Sergio ; Curado, Maria P. ; Vilensky, Marta ; Gillison, Maura ; Fernandez, Leticia ; Menezes, Ana ; Daudt, Alexander W. ; Schantz, Stimson ; Yu, Guopei ; D’Souza, Gypsyamber ; Haddad, Robert I. ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Hashibe, Mia

Most mouthwashes contain alcohol, a known cause of head and neck cancer (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx), likely through the carcinogenic activity of acetaldehyde, formed in the oral cavity from alcohol. We carried out a pooled analysis of 8981 cases of head and neck cancer and 10 090 controls from 12 case-control studies with comparable information on mouthwash use in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of [...]

A partir de données des registres danois et suédois des cancers, cette étude prospective analyse l'association entre une exposition in utero à la testostérone et le risque de cancer chez des jumeaux de même sexe ou de sexe opposé (18 001 cas sur la période 1943-2009)

Risk of sex-specific cancers in opposite-sex and same-sex twins in Denmark and Sweden

Ahrenfeldt, Linda Juel ; Skytthe, Axel ; Möller, Sören ; Czene, Kamila ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Mucci, Lorelei A. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Petersen, Inge ; Christensen, Kaare ; Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune

Background: Increasing evidence shows that some cancers originate in utero. It is hypothesized that elevated exposure to some steroid hormones might increase cancer risk, and that hormone transfer between twin fetuses could result in different prenatal exposure to testosterone. Methods: This large-scale prospective twin study compared opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) twins to test the impact of intrauterine exposures on cancer risk. Based on the Danish and Swedish twin and cancer registries, [...]

A partir de données portant sur 15 990 cas de mélanome malin cutané et 26 409 témoins, cette méta-analyse identifie 5 nouveaux loci de susceptibilité à la maladie

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies five new susceptibility loci for cutaneous malignant melanoma

Law, Matthew H. ; Bishop, D. Timothy ; Lee, Jeffrey E. ; Brossard, Myriam ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Moses, Eric K. ; Song, Fengju ; Barrett, Jennifer H. ; Kumar, Rajiv ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Pharoah, Paul D. P. ; Swerdlow, Anthony J. ; Kypreou, Katerina P. ; Taylor, John C. ; Harland, Mark ; Randerson-Moor, Juliette ; Akslen, Lars A. ; Andresen, Per A. ; Avril, Marie-Françoise ; Azizi, Esther ; Scarra, Giovanna Bianchi ; Brown, Kevin M. ; Dębniak, Tadeusz ; Duffy, David L. ; Elder, David E. ; Fang, Shenying ; Friedman, Eitan ; Galan, Pilar ; Ghiorzo, Paola ; Gillanders, Elizabeth M. ; Goldstein, Alisa M. ; Gruis, Nelleke A. ; Hansson, Johan ; Helsing, Per ; Hočevar, Marko ; Höiom, Veronica ; Ingvar, Christian ; Kanetsky, Peter A. ; Chen, Wei V. ; Geno, M. E. L. Consortium ; Essen-Heidelberg, Investigators ; The, S. D. H. Study Group ; Q, Mega ; QTWIN Investigators ; Amfs Investigators ; Athens Melanoma Study Group ; Landi, Maria Teresa ; Lang, Julie ; Lathrop, G. Mark ; Lubinski, Jan ; Mackie, Rona M. ; Mann, Graham J. ; Molven, Anders ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Novakovic, Srdjan ; Olsson, Håkan ; Puig, Susana ; Puig-Butille, Joan Anton ; Qureshi, Abrar A. ; Radford-Smith, Graham L. ; van der Stoep, Nienke ; van Doorn, Remco ; Whiteman, David C. ; Craig, Jamie E. ; Schadendorf, Dirk ; Simms, Lisa A. ; Burdon, Kathryn P. ; Nyholt, Dale R. ; Pooley, Karen A. ; Orr, Nick ; Stratigos, Alexander J. ; Cust, Anne E. ; Ward, Sarah V. ; Hayward, Nicholas K. ; Han, Jiali ; Schulze, Hans-Joachim ; Dunning, Alison M. ; Bishop, Julia A. Newton ; Demenais, Florence ; Amos, Christopher I. ; MacGregor, Stuart ; Iles, Mark M.

Thirteen common susceptibility loci have been reproducibly associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). We report the results of an international 2-stage meta-analysis of CMM genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This meta-analysis combines 11 GWAS (5 previously unpublished) and a further three stage 2 data sets, totaling 15,990 CMM cases and 26,409 controls. Five loci not previously associated with CMM risk reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 [times] 10-8), as did 2 previously [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de la cohorte "Multiethnic Cohort Study" incluant 75 216 participants, cette étude analyse les disparités ethniques dans l'association entre des facteurs liés au mode de vie (alimentation, obésité, activité physique) et le risque de cancer de la prostate (7 115 cas)

Racial/ethnic differences in lifestyle-related factors and prostate cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Park, Song-Yi ; Haiman, ChristopherA ; Cheng, Iona ; Park, SungshimLani ; Wilkens, LynneR ; Kolonel, LaurenceN ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Henderson, BrianE

Purpose : Older age, African ancestry, and family history of prostate cancer are well-established risk factors for prostate cancer, and all are non-modifiable. Various lifestyle factors have been examined in relation to prostate cancer risk, including diet, obesity, and physical activity; however, none of them has been consistently related to risk. In the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we investigated whether lifestyle-related factors are associated with prostate cancer risk and whether such factors [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur les variants génétiques conférant une susceptibilité au cancer colorectal

Inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer: towards a more complete picture

Short, Emma ; Thomas, Laura E ; Hurley, Joanna ; Jose, Sian ; Sampson, Julian R

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Hereditary factors are important in 15%–35% of affected patients. This review provides an update on the genetic basis of inherited predisposition to CRC. Currently known genetic factors include a group of highly penetrant mutant genes associated with rare mendelian cancer syndromes and a group of common low-penetrance alleles that have been identified through genetic association studies. Additional mechanisms, which may [...]

Menée auprès de 4 familles affectées par une néoplasie myéloproliférative, cette étude française montre que la duplication d'une région chromosomique incluant les gènes ATG2B et GCKIP favorise le développement de la maladie

Germline duplication of ATG2B and GSKIP predisposes to familial myeloid malignancies

Saliba, Joseph ; Saint-Martin, Cecile ; Di Stefano, Antonio ; Lenglet, Gaelle ; Marty, Caroline ; Keren, Boris ; Pasquier, Florence ; Valle, Veronique Della ; Secardin, Lise ; Leroy, Gwendoline ; Mahfoudhi, Emna ; Grosjean, Sarah ; Droin, Nathalie ; Diop, M'boyba ; Dessen, Philippe ; Charrier, Sabine ; Palazzo, Alberta ; Merlevede, Jane ; Meniane, Jean-Come ; Delaunay-Darivon, Christine ; Fuseau, Pascal ; Isnard, Francoise ; Casadevall, Nicole ; Solary, Eric ; Debili, Najet ; Bernard, Olivier A. ; Raslova, Hana ; Najman, Albert ; Vainchenker, William ; Bellanne-Chantelot, Christine ; Plo, Isabelle

No major predisposition gene for familial myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has been identified. Here we demonstrate that the autosomal dominant transmission of a 700-kb duplication in four genetically related families predisposes to myeloid malignancies, including MPN, frequently progressing to leukemia. Using induced pluripotent stem cells and primary cells, we demonstrate that overexpression of ATG2B and GSKIP enhances hematopoietic progenitor differentiation, including of megakaryocytes, [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données de la cohorte "Black Women’s Health Study" incluant 57 747 participantes, cette étude évalue l'association entre un antécédent de fibrome utérin et le risque de cancer du sein (2 276 cas)

History of uterine leiomyomata and incidence of breast cancer

Wise, LaurenA ; Radin, RoseG ; Rosenberg, Lynn ; Adams-Campbell, Lucile ; Palmer, JulieR

Purpose : Uterine leiomyomata (UL), benign tumors of the myometrium, are influenced by sex steroid hormones. A history of UL diagnosis has been associated with a higher risk of uterine malignancies. The relation between UL and breast cancer, another hormonally responsive cancer, has not been studied. Methods : We investigated the association between self-reported physician-diagnosed UL and incidence of breast cancer in the Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective cohort study. We followed [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "International Twin Study" portant sur 162 paires de jumeaux du même sexe, cette étude cas-témoins évalue l'association entre des conditions immunitaires communes, des expositions microbiennes et le risque de lymphome non hodgkinien

Common Immune-Related Exposures/Conditions and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case-Control Study of Disease-Discordant Twin Pairs

Wang, Jun ; Mack, Thomas M. ; Hamilton, Ann S. ; Hwang, Amie E. ; Nathwani, Bharat N. ; Masood, Kamil ; Buchanan, Laura H. ; Bernstein, Leslie ; Deapen, Dennis M. ; Martinez-Maza, Otoniel ; Cozen, Wendy

We evaluated the association between common immune system–altering experiences and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk using a case-control study of 162 like-sex twin pairs discordant for NHL, identified from the International Twin Study. Information on medical history and evidence of childhood exposure to microbes was obtained by questionnaire from 1998 to 2002. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Intra-twin-pair agreement between twins on [...]