A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en 2014 (112 études), cette méta-analyse fait le point sur l'association entre une consommation d'alcool, en fonction de la quantité et de la fréquence, et le risque de cancer du foie

Alcohol consumption and liver cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Chuang, Shu-Chun ; Lee, Yuan-ChinAmy ; Wu, Guo-Jie ; Straif, Kurt ; Hashibe, Mia

Purpose : Alcohol is a confirmed risk factor of liver cancer. Yet, its dose–response function and synergistic effects with other risk factors remain unclear. Methods : We performed a meta-analysis on publications up to May 2014. A total of 112 publications were identified. The meta-relative risk (mRR) and the dose–response trend were calculated. Tests for heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed. The synergy index (SI) was recorded or calculated, whenever [...]

Cette étude du Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer fait le point sur l'association entre une consommation d'alcool et le risque de cancer

European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Alcohol drinking and cancer

Scoccianti, Chiara ; Cecchini, Michele ; Anderson, Annie S. ; Berrino, Franco ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Espina, Carolina ; Key, Timothy J. ; Leitzmann, Michael ; Norat, Teresa ; Powers, Hilary ; Wiseman, Martin ; Romieu, Isabelle

Alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs provide strengthened evidence that the consumption of alcoholic beverages is causally associated with cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colorectum and female breast, even for low and moderate alcohol intakes. The risk of cancer increases in a dose-dependent manner, and the higher the amount of alcohol consumed, [...]

A partir de données portant sur 18 555 hommes et 12 236 femmes atteints d'un cancer diagnostiqué entre 1992 et 2009, cette étude de cohorte américaine évalue l'association entre le temps passé en position assise et le risque de cancer

Leisure-time spent sitting and site-specific cancer incidence in a large US cohort

Patel, Alpa V. ; Hildebrand, Janet S. ; Campbell, Peter T. ; Teras, Lauren R. ; Craft, Lynette L ; McCullough, Marjorie L. ; Gapstur, Susan M.

Background: Time spent sitting is distinctly different from accumulating too little physical activity and may have independent deleterious effects. Few studies have examined the association between sitting time and site-specific cancer incidence. Methods: Among 69,260 men and 77,462 women who were cancer-free and enrolled in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, 18,555 men and 12,236 women were diagnosed with cancer between 1992 and 2009. Extended Cox [...]

A partir des données des cohortes "Nurses' Health Study" incluant 63 810 femmes et "Health Professionals Follow-Up Study" incluant 41 622 hommes, cette étude prospective analyse l'association entre une consommation d'agrumes et le risque de mélanome cutané malin

Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

Wu, Shaowei ; Han, Jiali ; Feskanich, Diane ; Cho, Eunyoung ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Willett, Walter C. ; Qureshi, Abrar A.

Purpose : Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens and furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption. Methods : A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984 to 2010) and 41,622 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010) were included. Dietary information was repeatedly assessed [...]

A partir des données d'une cohorte incluant 19 196 participantes, cette étude européenne prospective évalue l'association entre l'indice de masse corporelle, la pratique d'une activité physique et le risque de cancer du sein après la ménopause (609 cas)

A prospective cohort study of the combined effects of physical activity and anthropometric measures on the risk of post-menopausal breast cancer

Bellocco, Rino ; Marrone, Gaetano ; Ye, Weimin ; Nyrén, Olof ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Mariosa, Daniela ; Lagerros, YlvaTrolle

Although keeping a healthy weight and being physically active are among the few modifiable risk factors for post-menopausal breast cancer, the possible interaction between these two risk factors remains to be established. We analyzed prospectively a cohort of 19,196 women who provided detailed self-report on anthropometric measures, physical activity and possible confounders at enrollment in 1997. We achieved complete follow-up through 2010 and ascertained 609 incident cases of post-menopausal [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de la cohorte "Agricultural Health Study" incluant 49 616 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'un herbicide, le métolachlore, et le risque de cancer

Cancer incidence and metolachlor use in the Agricultural Health Study: An update

Silver, Sharon R. ; Bertke, Steven J. ; Hines, Cynthia J. ; Alavanja, Michael C. R. ; Hoppin, Jane A. ; Lubin, Jay H. ; Rusiecki, Jennifer A. ; Sandler, Dale P. ; Beane Freeman, Laura E.

Metolachlor, a widely used herbicide, is classified as a Group C carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency based on increased liver neoplasms in female rats. Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of metolachlor have been limited. The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study including licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993–1997. We evaluated cancer incidence through 2010/2011 (NC/IA) for 49,616 [...]

Menée en Suède auprès de 1 042 cas et 2 364 témoins (hommes âgés de 40 à 75 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition professionnelle à des produits de combustion riches en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et le risque de cancer du poumon, en fonction de l'âge de l'individu à l'exposition

Age at occupational exposure to combustion products and lung cancer risk among men in Stockholm, Sweden

Bottai, Matteo ; Selander, Jenny ; Pershagen, Göran ; Gustavsson, Per

Purpose : Occupational exposure to combustion products rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particles is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate whether the risk depended on the age at which the individuals were exposed. Methods : Data from 1042 lung cancer cases and 2364 frequency-matched population controls selected from all men aged 40–75 years residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at any time between 1985 and 1990, included detailed [...]

Cette étude du Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer fait le point sur l'association entre une exposition à des rayonnements ionisants d'origine médicale, professionnelle ou environnementale, et le risque de cancer

European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Ionising and non-ionising radiation and cancer

McColl, Neil ; Auvinen, Anssi ; Kesminiene, Ausrele ; Espina, Carolina ; Erdmann, Friederike ; de Vries, Esther ; Greinert, Rüdiger ; Harrison, John ; Schüz, Joachim

Ionising radiation can transfer sufficient energy to ionise molecules, and this can lead to chemical changes, including DNA damage in cells. Key evidence for the carcinogenicity of ionising radiation comes from: follow-up studies of the survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan; other epidemiological studies of groups that have been exposed to radiation from medical, occupational or environmental sources; experimental animal studies; and studies of cellular responses to radiation. Considering [...]

Cette étude du Centre international de Recheche sur le Cancer fait le point sur l'association entre une exposition aux rayons ultraviolets, d'origine solaire ou artificielle (cabines de bronzage), et le risque de cancer

European Code against Cancer 4th edition: Ultraviolet radiation and cancer

Greinert, Rüdiger ; de Vries, Esther ; Erdmann, Friederike ; Espina, Carolina ; Auvinen, Anssi ; Kesminiene, Ausrele ; Schüz, Joachim

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted naturally from the sun or from artificial sources such as tanning devices. Acute skin reactions induced by UVR exposure are erythema (skin reddening), or sunburn, and the acquisition of a suntan triggered by UVR-induced DNA damage. UVR exposure is the main cause of skin cancer, including cutaneous malignant melanoma, basal-cell carcinoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in fair-skinned [...]

A partir de données de 12 études cas-témoins (12 717 cas et 25 294 témoins), cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition domestique à des pesticides, avant et pendant la grossesse puis pendant l'enfance, et le risque de leucémie pédiatrique

Home pesticide exposures and risk of childhood leukemia: Findings from the childhood leukemia international consortium

Bailey, Helen D. ; Infante-Rivard, Claire ; Metayer, Catherine ; Clavel, Jacqueline ; Lightfoot, Tracy ; Kaatsch, Peter ; Roman, Eve ; Magnani, Corrado ; Spector, Logan G. ; Th. Petridou, Eleni ; Milne, Elizabeth ; Dockerty, John D. ; Miligi, Lucia ; Armstrong, Bruce K. ; Rudant, Jérémie ; Fritschi, Lin ; Simpson, Jill ; Zhang, Luoping ; Rondelli, Roberto ; Baka, Margarita ; Orsi, Laurent ; Moschovi, Maria ; Kang, Alice Y. ; Schüz, Joachim

Some previous studies have suggested that home pesticide exposure before birth and during a child's early years may increase the risk of childhood leukemia. To further investigate this, we pooled individual level data from 12 case–control studies in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Exposure data were harmonized into compatible formats. Pooled analyses were undertaken using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. The odds ratio (ORs) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia [...]

A partir de données internationales issues de 8 études incluant 3 002 et 3 836 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une exposition domestique à des peintures et des vernis, avant et après la naissance, et le risque de leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë chez l'enfant

Home paint exposures and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: findings from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium

Bailey, HelenD ; Metayer, Catherine ; Milne, Elizabeth ; Petridou, EleniTh ; Infante-Rivard, Claire ; Spector, LoganG ; Clavel, Jacqueline ; Dockerty, JohnD ; Zhang, Luoping ; Armstrong, BruceK ; Rudant, Jérémie ; Fritschi, Lin ; Amigou, Alicia ; Hatzipantelis, Emmanuel ; Kang, AliceY ; Stiakaki, Eftichia ; Schüz, Joachim

Purpose : It has been suggested that home paint exposure increases the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods : We obtained individual level data from eight case–control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. All studies had home paint exposure data (sometimes including lacquers and varnishes) for the pregnancy period with additional data for the 1–3-month period before conception in five, the year before conception in two, and the [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en 2014, cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une exposition environnementale au cadmium et le risque de cancer, notamment le cancer du poumon

Association of total cancer and lung cancer with environmental exposure to cadmium: the meta-analytical evidence

Nawrot, TimS ; Martens, DriesS ; Hara, Azusa ; Plusquin, Michelle ; Vangronsveld, Jaco ; Roels, HarryA ; Staessen, JanA

Background : Recent studies are indicative of substantial progress in understanding the dose–response relation between the incidence of total and lung cancer and environmental cadmium exposure. We conducted a meta-analysis of population studies that examined the risk of cancer in relation to lifetime exposure to cadmium. Methods : We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and relevant reviews until August 2014 for studies on the association between cancer risk and cadmium exposure. Eligible studies [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 3 569 333 participants nés en Suède entre 1973 et 2008, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre des facteurs périnatals (saison de naissance, exposition à des infections périnatales, croissance fœtale, âge gestationnel à la naissance, etc) et le risque de leucémie myéloïde aiguë, depuis l'enfance jusqu'au début de l'âge adulte

Perinatal risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia

Crump, Casey ; Sundquist, Jan ; Sieh, Weiva ; Winkleby, MarilynA ; Sundquist, Kristina

Infectious etiologies have been hypothesized for acute leukemias because of their high incidence in early childhood, but have seldom been examined for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted the first large cohort study to examine perinatal factors including season of birth, a proxy for perinatal infectious exposures, and risk of AML in childhood through young adulthood. A national cohort of 3,569,333 persons without Down syndrome who were born in Sweden in 1973–2008 were followed up for AML [...]

Menée en Suède à partir de données portant sur 669 476 participants, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs de la 5-alpha-réductase et le risque de cancer du sein chez l'homme, en fonction de la présence d'une hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate

5-α reductase inhibitors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and risk of male breast cancer

Robinson, David ; Garmo, Hans ; Holmberg, Lars ; Stattin, Pär

Purpose : 5-

A partir des données de la cohorte "Nurses’ Health Study II" incluant 75 088 participantes à la peau claire, cette étude évalue l'association entre des antécédents de rosacée, une maladie inflammatoire de la peau, et le risque de cancer (5 194 cas de cancers des organes internes et 5 788 cas de cancers de la peau)

Personal history of rosacea and risk of incident cancer among women in the US

Li, W. Q. ; Zhang, M. ; Danby, F. W. ; Han, J. ; Qureshi, A. A.

Background: Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease. We examined the association between personal history of rosacea and risk of incident cancers. Methods:A total of 75 088 whites were included from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2011). Information on clinician-diagnosed rosacea and diagnosis year was collected in 2005. All cancers other than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were confirmed. Results: During 1 447 205 person-years, we identified 5194 cases with internal malignancies and 5788 with [...]

Menée sur une cohorte initiale de 1 773 patients pédiatriques atteints d'une leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique B et sur 10 448 témoins, puis validée sur deux cohortes complémentaires et à l'aide de lignées cellulaires, cette étude identifie des variants du locus CDKN2A-CDKN2B conférant une susceptiblité à la maladie

Inherited coding variants at the CDKN2A locus influence susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children

Xu, Heng ; Zhang, Hui ; Yang, Wenjian ; Yadav, Rachita ; Morrison, Alanna C. ; Qian, Maoxiang ; Devidas, Meenakshi ; Liu, Yu ; Perez-Andreu, Virginia ; Zhao, Xujie ; Gastier-Foster, Julie M. ; Lupo, Philip J. ; Neale, Geoff ; Raetz, Elizabeth ; Larsen, Eric ; Bowman, W. Paul ; Carroll, William L. ; Winick, Naomi ; Williams, Richard ; Hansen, Torben ; Holm, Jens-Christian ; Mardis, Elaine ; Fulton, Robert ; Pui, Ching-Hon ; Zhang, Jinghui ; Mullighan, Charles G. ; Evans, William E. ; Hunger, Stephen P. ; Gupta, Ramneek ; Schmiegelow, Kjeld ; Loh, Mignon L. ; Relling, Mary V. ; Yang, Jun J.

There is increasing evidence from genome-wide association studies for a strong inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children, yet the effects of protein-coding variants on ALL risk have not been systematically evaluated. Here we show a missense variant in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL at genome-wide significance (rs3731249, P=9.4 [times] 10-23, odds ratio=2.23). Functional studies indicate that this hypomorphic variant results in [...]

Menée en Inde à partir d'échantillons sanguins de 703 cas et 1 664 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une histoire familiale de cancer et le risque de carcinome épidermoïde de l'œsophage

Family history of cancer and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus: a case-control study in Kashmir, India

Bhat, G. A. ; Shah, I. A. ; Rafiq, R. ; Nabi, S. ; Iqbal, B. ; Lone, M. M. ; Islami, F. ; Boffetta, P. ; Dar, N. A.

Background: Only a few studies have examined the association between family history of cancer (FHC) and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high incidence areas of ESCC. We conducted a case–control study to evaluate the relationship between FHC and ESCC risk in Kashmir, India, with analysis of detailed epidemiological data and information on multiple gene polymorphisms. Methods: We collected detailed information on FHC and a number of socio-demographic and lifestyle [...]

A partir de données d'une étude internationale portant sur 3 527 cas et 9 391 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre des variants du gène MC1R et le risque de cancer de la peau hors mélanome, en fonction du phénotype de l'individu

MC1R gene variants and non-melanoma skin cancer: a pooled-analysis from the M-SKIP project

Tagliabue, E. ; Fargnoli, M. C. ; Gandini, S. ; Maisonneuve, P. ; Liu, F. ; Kayser, M. ; Nijsten, T. ; Han, J. ; Kumar, R. ; Gruis, N. A. ; Ferrucci, L. ; Branicki, W. ; Dwyer, T. ; Blizzard, L. ; Helsing, P. ; Autier, P. ; Garcia-Borron, J. C. ; Kanetsky, P. A. ; Landi, M. T. ; Little, J. ; Newton-Bishop, J. ; Sera, F. ; Raimondi, S.

Background: The melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene regulates human pigmentation and is highly polymorphic in populations of European origins. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between MC1R variants and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and to investigate whether risk estimates differed by phenotypic characteristics. Methods: Data on 3527 NMSC cases and 9391 controls were gathered through the M-SKIP Project, an international pooled-analysis on MC1R, skin cancer [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'échantillons sanguins prélevés sur 9 012 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre la mutation G84E du gène HOXB13 et le risque de leucémie et de cancer de la prostate ou de la vessie

The HOXB13 G84E Mutation is Associated with an Increased Risk for Prostate Cancer and other Malignancies

Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer ; Hathcock, Matthew ; Yee, Cecilia ; Okoth, Linda A. ; Ewing, Charles M ; Isaacs, William B. ; Cooney, Kathleen A. ; Thibodeau, Stephen N.

Background:A rare non-conservative substitution (G84E) in the HOXB13 gene has been shown to be associated with risk of prostate cancer. DNA samples from male patients included in the Mayo Clinic Biobank (MCB) were genotyped to determine the frequency of the G84E mutation and its association with various cancers. Methods:Subjects were genotyped using a custom TaqMan (Applied Biosystems) assay for G84E (rs138213197). In addition to donating a blood specimen, all MCB participants completed a [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 688 participantes âgées de 55 à 80 ans, cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau sérique d'œstrogènes endogènes et le risque de cancer colorectal chez les femmes ménopausées

Estrogen Metabolites Are Not Associated With Colorectal Cancer Risk In Postmenopausal Women

Falk, Roni T. ; Dallal, Cher M. ; Lacey, James V. ; Bauer, Doug C. ; Buist, Diana S.M. ; Cauley, Jane A. ; Hue, Trisha F. ; LaCroix, Andrea Z. ; Tice, Jeffrey A. ; Pfeiffer, Ruth M. ; Xu, Xia ; Veenstra, Timothy D. ; Brinton, Louise A.

Background:A potential protective role for estrogen in colon carcinogenesis has been suggested based on exogenous hormone use, but it is unclear from previous studies whether endogenous estrogens are related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. These few prior studies focused on parent estrogens; none evaluated effects of estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women. Methods:We followed 15,595 women (ages 55-80) enrolled in B~FIT (Breast and Bone Follow-up to the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT)) [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature portant sur des cohortes de patientes porteuses d'un gène BRCA1/2 muté, cet article montre que les variations observées dans l'ampleur du risque de cancer du sein peuvent s'expliquer par la méthode de correction des biais utilisée dans les études publiées

Bias Correction Methods Explain Much of the Variation Seen in Breast Cancer Risks of BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers

Vos, Janet R. ; Hsu, Li ; Brohet, Richard M. ; Mourits, Marian J.E. ; de Vries, Jakob ; Malone, Kathleen E. ; Oosterwijk, Jan C. ; de Bock, Geertruida H.

Purpose : Recommendations for treating patients who carry a BRCA1/2 gene are mainly based on cumulative lifetime risks (CLTRs) of breast cancer determined from retrospective cohorts. These risks vary widely (27% to 88%), and it is important to understand why. We analyzed the effects of methods of risk estimation and bias correction and of population factors on CLTRs in this retrospective clinical cohort of BRCA1/2 carriers. Patients and Methods : The following methods to estimate the breast [...]

Menée en France auprès de 761 cas et 825 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre divers facteurs anthropométriques, notamment l'indice de masse corporelle, et le risque de cancer différencié de la thyroïde

Anthropometric Risk Factors for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Young Men and Women From Eastern France: A Case-Control Study

Xhaard, Constance ; de Vathaire, Florent ; Cléro, Enora ; Maillard, Stéphane ; Ren, Yan ; Borson-Chazot, Françoise ; Sassolas, Geneviève ; Schvartz, Claire ; Colonna, Marc ; Lacour, Brigitte ; Danzon, Arlette ; Velten, Michel ; Marrer, Emilie ; Bailly, Laurent ; Barjoan, Eugènia Mariné ; Schlumberger, Martin ; Orgiazzi, Jacques ; Adjadj, Elisabeth ; Rubino, Carole

The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen over the past decade, along with a rise in obesity. We studied the role of anthropometric risk factors for differentiated thyroid cancer at the time of diagnosis and at age 20 years in a case-control study conducted in eastern France between 2005 and 2010. The study included 761 adults diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer before 35 years of age between 2002 and 2006. They were matched with 825 controls from the general population. Odds ratios [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "Women's Health Initiative Observational Study" incluant 821 cas et 821 témoins, cette étude évalue les interactions entre 288 polymorphismes à simple nucléotide de 30 gènes associés au métabolisme du carbone ou au métabolisme des folates et le risque de cancer colorectal chez les femmes ménopausées

Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism genes and interactions with nutritional factors on colorectal cancer risk: Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Cheng, Ting-Yuan David ; Makar, Karen W. ; Neuhouser, Marian L. ; Miller, Joshua W. ; Song, Xiaoling ; Brown, Elissa C. ; Beresford, Shirley A. A. ; Zheng, Yingye ; Poole, Elizabeth M. ; Galbraith, Rachel L. ; Duggan, David J. ; Habermann, Nina ; Bailey, Lynn B. ; Maneval, David R. ; Caudill, Marie A. ; Toriola, Adetunji T. ; Green, Ralph ; Ulrich, Cornelia M.

BACKGROUND Investigations of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) genes and gene-nutrient interactions with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are limited to candidate polymorphisms and dietary folate. This study comprehensively investigated associations between genetic variants in FOCM and CRC risk and whether the FOCM nutrient status modified these associations. METHODS Two hundred eighty-eight candidate and tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 FOCM genes were [...]