Menée à partir de plusieurs vagues d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2007 et 2013 auprès de fumeurs australiens, cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des paquets de cigarettes neutres, avant et après leur introduction en 2012, identifie les facteurs prédictifs associés à l'évolution de ces perceptions, puis analyse la relation entre le fait d'approuver cette mesure de lutte contre le tabagisme et les tentatives pour arrêter de fumer

Australian smokers’ support for plain or standardised packs before and after implementation: findings from the ITC Four Country Survey

Swift, Elena ; Borland, Ron ; Cummings, K Michael ; Fong, Geoffrey T ; McNeill, Ann ; Hammond, David ; Thrasher, James F ; Partos, Timea R ; Yong, Hua-Hie

Background : Plain packaging (PP) for tobacco products was fully implemented in Australia on 1 December 2012 along with larger graphic health warnings. Using longitudinal data from the Australian arm of the ITC Four Country Survey, we examined attitudes to the new packs before and after implementation, predictors of attitudinal change, and the relationship between support and quitting activity. Methods : A population-based cohort study design, with some cross-sectional analyses. Surveys of [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête auprès d'un échantillon de 2 376 fumeurs, de type afro-américain, latino-américain ou européen, ayant utilisé la cigarette électronique dans les 30 derniers jours, cette étude analyse, en fonction de l'appartenance ethnique, la fréquence d'utilisation de la cigarette électronique, puis identifie les facteurs associés à cette utilisation

Tobacco Use, Quitting Behavior, and Health Characteristics among Current Electronic Cigarette Users in a National Tri-Ethnic Adult Stable Smoker Sample

Pulvers, Kim ; Hayes, Rashelle B. ; Scheuermann, Taneisha S. ; Romero, Devan R. ; Emami, Ashley S. ; Resnicow, Ken ; Olendzki, Effie ; Person, Sharina D. ; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S.

Introduction : The present study characterizes the tobacco use, quitting behaviors, and health characteristics of cigarette smokers who did not change their smoking pattern over the past six months and have used electronic cigarettes (ECs) in the past 30 days. This is an important subpopulation to characterize if EC dual use with cigarettes continues to grow. Methods : Participants (N=2,376) from a research survey panel completed an online cross-sectional survey between June and August 2012. [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 1 811 jeunes adultes ayant fumé au moins une cigarette dans les 30 derniers jours (âge : de 18 à 25 ans), cette étude analyse leurs perceptions de leurs propres comportements tabagiques

Prevalence and correlates of social smoking in young adults : Comparisons of behavioral and self-identified definitions

Lisha, Nadra E. ; Delucchi, Kevin L. ; Ling, Pamela M. ; Ramo, Danielle E.

Introduction : Social smoking is an increasingly common pattern among emerging adults. Although distinct patterns have emerged between social smokers and non-social smokers, there is discrepancy about how to define the construct, with inconsistencies between self-identified social smoking and behavioral social smoking. We report prevalence and correlates of young adult smokers who self-identify and behave as social smokers (SELF+BEH), self-identified non-behavioral social smokers (SELF-ONLY), [...]

Menée dans l'Etat du Connecticut (Etats-Unis) à partir d'une enquête réalisée en 2013 auprès de 3 614 lycéens ou collégiens, cette étude analyse leur utilisation de la cigarette électronique

E-cigarette Use among High School and Middle School Adolescents in Connecticut

Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra ; Morean, Meghan ; Camenga, Deepa ; Cavallo, Dana A. ; Kong, Grace

Introduction : There is limited evidence on e-cigarette use among US adolescents. Methods : Cross-sectional, anonymous surveys conducted in four high schools (HS; n=3614) and two middle schools (MS; n=1166) in CT in November 2013 examined e-cigarette awareness, use patterns, susceptibility to future use, preferences, product components used (battery type, nicotine content, flavors), and sources of marketing and access. Results : High rates of awareness (MS: 84.3%; HS: 92.0%) and of lifetime [...]

Menée auprès de 242 918 femmes ménopausées incluses dans la cohorte EPIC (durée médiane de suivi : 10,9 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la qualité de l'hygiène de vie, mesurée à l'aide d'un système de score incorporant 5 critères (alimentation, activité physique, tabagisme, consommation d'alcool et mesures anthropométriques), et le risque de cancer du sein (7 756 cas)

Healthy lifestyle and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort study

McKenzie, Fiona ; Ferrari, Pietro ; Freisling, Heinz ; Chajès, Veronique ; Rinaldi, Sabina ; de Batlle, Jordi ; Dahm, Christina C. ; Overvad, Kim ; Baglietto, Laura ; Dartois, Laureen ; Dossus, Laure ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Krogh, Vittorio ; Panico, Salvatore ; Tumino, Rosario ; Rosso, Stefano ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ; May, Anne ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Buckland, Genevieve ; Sánchez, María-José ; Navarro, Carmen ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Andersson, Anne ; Sund, Malin ; Ericson, Ulrika ; Wirfalt, Elisabet ; Key, Tim J. ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Gunter, Marc ; Riboli, Elio ; Vergnaud, Anne-Claire ; Romieu, Isabelle

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and prevention strategies are needed to reduce incidence worldwide. A healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS) was generated to investigate the joint effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. The study included 242,918 postmenopausal women from the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, with detailed information on diet and lifestyle assessed at baseline. The [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 767 patients diabétiques atteints d'un cancer de la prostate traité par prostatectomie radicale entre 1995 et 2012 (durée médiane de suivi : 27 mois), cette étude montre que l'utilisation conjointe de la metformine et d'une statine peut réduire le risque de récidive biochimique

Synergism between metformin and statins in modifying the risk of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in men with diabetes

Danzig, M. R. ; Kotamarti, S. ; Ghandour, R. A. ; Rothberg, M. B. ; Dubow, B. P. ; Benson, M. C. ; Badani, K. K. ; McKiernan, J. M.

Background : To determine the effect of statins and metformin in combination on biochemical recurrence (BCR) among diabetic men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods : Diabetic men undergoing RP at our institution from January 1995 to March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Recipients of adjuvant radiation or hormonal therapy were excluded. Statin and/or metformin use was determined through review of electronic records. BCR-free survival was plotted using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès d'un échantillon de 428 jeunes hommes homosexuels ou bisexuels (âge : 18 à 26 ans), cette étude évalue le taux de couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain et identifie les facteurs associés

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Young Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States

Reiter, Paul L. ; McRee, Annie-Laurie ; Katz, Mira L. ; Paskett, Electra D.

Objectives. We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among gay and bisexual men, a population with high rates of HPV infection and HPV-related disease. Methods. A national sample of gay and bisexual men aged 18 to 26 years (n = 428) completed online surveys in fall 2013. We identified correlates of HPV vaccination using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Overall, 13% of participants had received any doses of the HPV vaccine. About 83% who had received a health care provider [...]

Mené en Nouvelle-Zélande auprès de 33 fumeurs quotidiens manquant de motivation pour arrêter de fumer, cet essai évalue l'intérêt de mettre en vente, à un prix significativement bas, des paquets de cigarettes à très faible teneur en nicotine pour réduire la consommation tabagique et augmenter le taux de sevrage tabagique

Abrupt nicotine reduction as an endgame policy: a randomised trial

Walker, Natalie ; Fraser, Trish ; Howe, Colin ; Laugesen, Murray ; Truman, Penny ; Parag, Varsha ; Glover, Marewa ; Bullen, Chris

Objective : To determine if smokers unmotivated to quit reduce usual cigarette consumption when cigarettes priced according to nicotine content are made available. Methods : Randomised, parallel-group, trial (ACTRN12612000914864) undertaken in Wakatipu/Central Otago, New Zealand. Dependent adult daily smokers unmotivated to quit were randomly allocated to an intervention group provided with 12 weeks supply of free very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, or to a control group, who were free [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 270 adultes fumeurs (durée de suivi : 6 mois), cette étude évalue, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique auto-rapportée, l'efficacité de la varénicline par rapport à un traitement substitutif nicotinique

Prospective cohort study of the effectiveness of varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in the "real world"

Kotz, Daniel ; Brown, Jamie ; West, Robert

Background : It is important to know the comparative effectiveness of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation when prescribed under routine circumstances and in the general population. Previous estimates relied on cross-sectional data. The objective of the current study was to use longitudinal data to compare the abstinence rates of smokers trying to stop having used varenicline versus NRT on prescription (Rx) when provided with minimal professional support in [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données 2010 d'une enquête nationale portant sur plus de 18 000 participants et des données de 5 études incluant au total 421 378 hommes et 532 651 femmes, cette étude estime la fraction attribuable au tabagisme pour les décès par cancer chez les adultes âgés de 35 ans ou plus

What proportion of cancer deaths in the contemporary United States is attributable to cigarette smoking ?

Jacobs, Eric J. ; Newton, Christina C. ; Carter, Brian D. ; Feskanich, Diane ; Freedman, Neal D. ; Prentice, Ross L. ; Flanders, W. Dana

Purpose : The proportion of cancer deaths in the contemporary U.S. caused by cigarette smoking (the population attributable fraction (PAF)) is not well-documented. Methods : The PAF of all cancer deaths due to active cigarette smoking among adults 35 and older in the U.S. in 2010 was calculated using age and sex-specific smoking prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and age and sex-specific relative risks from the Cancer Prevention Study-II (for ages 35-54) and from the [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 477 enfants âgés de 6 à 10 ans, cette étude montre que des interactions complexes entre la lumière ultraviolet et des variants des gènes MC1R et OCA2 déterminent le nombre et la taille des naevus ainsi que la présence de taches de rousseur sur le visage

Interactions between Ultraviolet Light and MC1R and OCA2 Variants Are Determinants of Childhood Nevus and Freckle Phenotypes

Barón, Anna E. ; Asdigian, Nancy L. ; Gonzalez, Victoria ; Aalborg, Jenny ; Terzian, Tamara ; Stiegmann, Regan A. ; Torchia, Enrique C. ; Berwick, Marianne ; Dellavalle, Robert P. ; Morelli, Joseph G. ; Mokrohisky, Stefan T. ; Crane, Lori A. ; Box, Neil F.

Background : Melanocytic nevi (moles) and freckles are well known biomarkers of melanoma risk, and they are influenced by similar UV light exposures and genetic susceptibilities to those that increase melanoma risk. Nevertheless, the selective interactions between UV exposures and nevus and freckling genes remain largely undescribed. Methods : We conducted a longitudinal study from ages 6 through 10 years in 477 Colorado children who had annual information collected for sun exposure, sun [...]