Menée à partir des données d'une enquête conduite sur la période 2010-2011 auprès de 12 571 fumeurs adultes, cette étude américaine évalue la proportion de participants ayant tenté d'arrêter de fumer en réduisant progressivement leur consommation de tabac, identifie les caractéristiques démographiques de ces participants, puis évalue le taux de réussite

Gradual reduction of cigarette consumption as a cessation strategy: prevalence, correlates, and relationship with quitting

Schauer, Gillian L. ; Malarcher, Ann M. ; Babb, Stephen D.

Introduction : Gradually reducing cigarette consumption is an approach used to quit smoking, but has not been widely studied at a population level. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and demographic characteristics of U.S. adult smokers who tried to reduce to quit, and the relationship between reducing and successful quitting. Methods : Data came from 12,571 adults in the 2010-2011 U.S. Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey who tried to quit smoking in the [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée récemment (20 études), cette étude analyse l'effet de l'exposition à la publicité des produits du tabac dans les points de vente sur la prévalence du tabagisme et les comportements tabagiques

A systematic review on the impact of point-of-sale tobacco promotion on smoking

Robertson, Lindsay ; McGee, Rob ; Marsh, Louise ; Hoek, Janet

Introduction : The tobacco retail environment is a crucial marketing medium for the industry. A 2009 review found evidence of a positive association between exposure to point-of-sale (POS) tobacco promotion and increased smoking and smoking susceptibility, though limitations in the evidence base were identified. Aim and methods : We reviewed and critically appraised recent evidence documenting the influence of POS tobacco promotion, and POS tobacco display bans, on smoking-related behaviour and [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 1966 et 2013 (21 études, 997 464 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de café et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou le risque de décès par cancer

Coffee Consumption and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Crippa, Alessio ; Discacciati, Andrea ; Larsson, Susanna C. ; Wolk, Alicja ; Orsini, Nicola

Several studies have analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and mortality, but the shape of the association remains unclear. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to examine the dose-response associations between coffee consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all cancers. Pertinent studies, published between 1966 and 2013, were identified by searching PubMed and by reviewing the reference lists of the selected [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (8 études cas-témoins et 1 étude de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamine D ou la concentration sérique de 25-hydroxyvitamine D et le risque de lymphome non hodgkinien par sous-type

Vitamin D status and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis

Lu, Demin ; Chen, Jian ; Jin, Jie

Background : Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is among the ten most frequent malignancies in Europe and USA. Results for vitamin D status and risk of NHL have been inconsistent. Objective : The objective was to perform a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence from case–control studies and cohort studies on the association of vitamin D status and the risk of NHL. Design : We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and reference lists for relevant articles. [...]

Mené sur 476 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 476 témoins, cet essai évalue l'association entre les niveaux sériques de la 25-hydroxyvitamine D ou de la protéine de transport de la vitamine D et le risque de cancer colorectal

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein and risk of colorectal cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Weinstein, Stephanie J. ; Purdue, Mark P. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Mondul, Alison M. ; Black, Amanda ; Ahn, Jiyoung ; Huang, Wen-Yi ; Horst, Ronald L. ; Kopp, William ; Rager, Helen ; Ziegler, Regina G. ; Albanes, Demetrius

The potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention has generated substantial interest, and laboratory experiments indicate several anti-cancer properties for vitamin D compounds. Prospective studies of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the accepted biomarker of vitamin D status, suggest an inverse association with colorectal cancer risk, but with some inconsistencies. Furthermore, the direct or indirect impact of the key transport protein, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), has not [...]

Menée sur une cohorte suédoise incluant 42 270 femmes âgées de 30 à 49 ans en 1991ou 1992 (durée du suivi : 18 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de café, de thé ou de caféine et le risque de cancer de l'endomètre (144 cas)

Endometrial Cancer in Relation to Coffee, Tea, and Caffeine Consumption : A Prospective Cohort Study Among Middle-Aged Women in Sweden

Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Sandin, Sven ; Lof, Marie ; Oh, Jin-Kyoung ; Inoue, Manami ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Adami, Hans-Olov

This study aimed to add to prospective data on the possible inverse association between coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk, already supported by several case-control studies. Coffee and tea consumption and possible confounding factors were assessed among 42,270 women aged 30–49 years at enrollment in 1991–1992 in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort study, with complete follow-up through 2009. We calculated caffeine intake per day; Cox proportional hazard models were used [...]

Menée en Ecosse à partir des données 2008-2012 de colposcopies portant sur une cohorte de 106 052 femmes nées entre 1988 et 1992, cette étude met en évidence une réduction de l'incidence de néoplasies cervicales intraépithéliales CIN 1–3 chez les jeunes femmes âgées de 20 à 21 ans ayant reçu, dans le cadre d'une campagne vaccinale de rattrapage destinée aux femmes de moins de 18 ans, trois doses de vaccin ciblant le papillomavirus humain de type 16 ou 18

Reduction of low- and high-grade cervical abnormalities associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine in Scotland

Pollock, K. G. J. ; Kavanagh, K. ; Potts, A. ; Love, J. ; Cuschieri, K. ; Cubie, H. ; Robertson, C. ; Cruickshank, M. ; Palmer, T. J. ; Nicoll, S. ; Donaghy, M.

Background : In Scotland, a national HPV immunisation programme began in 2008 for 12- to 13-year olds, with a catch-up campaign from 2008 to 2011 for those under the age of 18. To monitor the impact of HPV immunisation on cervical disease at the population level, a programme of national surveillance was established. Methods : We analysed colposcopy data from a cohort of women born between 1988 and 1992 who entered the Scottish Cervical Screening Programme (SCSP) and were aged 20–21 in [...]