Menée en Israël entre 1986 et 2009 auprès de 50 254 jeunes recrues militaires, cette étude identifie les facteurs associés à l'initiation tabagique

Smoking initiation among Israeli adolescents: A 24-year time-to-event analysis

Rosen, L. ; Rozhavski, V. ; Levine, H. ; Sela, T. ; Bar-Ze’ev, Y. ; Molina-Hazan, V. ; Zarka, S.

Introduction : Preventing smoking initiation will protect future generations from smoking-attributable death and disease. This study examines correlates and patterns of initiation among Israeli youth using time-to-event analysis and other methods. Methods : Twenty-four consecutive representative samples (1986-2009) of new military recruits (N = 50,254) were analyzed. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify factors associated with smoking initiation, and logistic [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 57 fumeurs adultes sans domicile fixe, cette étude identifie les facteurs prédictifs associés à une tentative de sevrage tabagique

Predicting Quit Attempts Among Homeless Smokers Seeking Cessation Treatment : An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Businelle, Michael S. ; Ma, Ping ; Kendzor, Darla E. ; Reitzel, Lorraine R. ; Chen, Minxing ; Lam, Cho Y. ; Bernstein, Ira ; Wetter, David W.

Introduction : Homeless adults are more likely to smoke tobacco and less likely to successfully quit smoking than smokers in the general population, despite comparable numbers of cessation attempts and desire to quit. To date, studies that have examined smoking cessation in homeless samples have used traditional lab/clinic-based assessment methodologies. Real-time assessment of key variables may provide new insights into the process of quitting among homeless smokers. Methods : The purpose of [...]

Mené au Canada à partir de données portant sur 15 489 fumeurs ayant participé entre 2002 et 2009 à un programme national de dépistage du cancer du poumon, cet essai évalue l'association entre les résultats de l'examen de dépistage et l'évolution de la prévalence du tabagisme chez les participants

The scarier the better—screening results that make smokers stop smoking

Screening for lung cancer leads to early detection and treatment, but can it also make people stop smoking before they get cancer? The answer is that it depends on the seriousness of the results, according to a study published May 28 in the JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. To determine if there is an association between type of screening result and smoking cessation, Martin C. Tammemagi of the Department of Health Sciences, Brock …  [...]

Cet article passe en revue les cibles moléculaires de l'aspirine et les mécanismes associés dans la chimioprévention des cancers

Molecular targets of aspirin and cancer prevention

Alfonso, L. ; Ai, G. ; Spitale, R. C. ; Bhat, G. J.

Salicylates from plant sources have been used for centuries by different cultures to treat a variety of ailments such as inflammation, fever and pain. A chemical derivative of salicylic acid, aspirin, was synthesised and mass produced by the end of the 19th century and is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Its cardioprotective properties are well established; however, recent evidence shows that it can also act as a chemopreventive agent. Its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory [...]

Menée à partir des données de registres danois et d'une base de prescriptions portant sur 3 471 patientes atteintes d'un carcinome épithélial de l'ovaire diagnostiqué entre 2000 et 2009 et sur 50 576 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation du paracétamol et le risque de développer la maladie

Prescription Use of Paracetamol and Risk for Ovarian Cancer in Denmark

Baandrup, Louise ; Friis, Søren ; Dehlendorff, Christian ; Andersen, Klaus K. ; Olsen, Jørgen H. ; Kjaer, Susanne K.

It has been suggested that paracetamol reduces the risk for ovarian cancer. We examined the association between prescription use of paracetamol and ovarian cancer risk in a nationwide case–control study nested within the Danish female population. Case patients (n = 3 471) were all women with a first diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer during the period from 2000 to 2009. Population control subjects (n = 50 576) were selected by risk set sampling. Data were derived from prescription and other [...]

Menée auprès de 38 058 participants entre 1996 et 2010(durée de suivi : 448 803 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs de la réductase 5

5Α-reductase inhibitors and risk of high-grade or lethal prostate cancer

Preston, M. A. ; Wilson, K. M. ; Markt, S. C. ; et al.,

Importance : 5

Menée sur un modèle murin de carcinome humain de la cavité buccale et de l'œsophage induit chimiquement, cette étude montre que le bexarotène (un agoniste du récepteur X des rétinoïdes) en combinaison avec le rétinoïde CD1530 (un agoniste sélectif du récepteur de l'acide rétinoïque

Combination of bexarotene and the retinoid CD1530 reduces murine oral-cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide

Tang, Xiao-Han ; Osei-Sarfo, Kwame ; Urvalek, Alison M. ; Zhang, Tuo ; Scognamiglio, Theresa ; Gudas, Lorraine J.

We investigated the effects of bexarotene (a retinoid X receptor agonist), CD1530 (a retinoic acid receptor γ selective agonist), and the combination of these two drugs for the prevention of oral carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) in a mouse model of human oral-cavity and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma previously generated in our laboratory. We observed decreased numbers of neoplastic tongue lesions and reduced lesion severity in the 4-NQO plus CD1530 [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (29 études), cette étude compare l'efficacité d'interventions d'aide au sevrage tabagique pour réduire les inégalités en matière de réduction du tabagisme chez les fumeurs adultes européens

Equity impact of European individual-level smoking cessation interventions to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review

Brown, Tamara ; Platt, Stephen ; Amos, Amanda

Background : Smoking is the leading cause of health inequalities in Europe. Adults from lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit than adults from higher SES groups. Smoking cessation support is an important element of tobacco control; however, the equity impact of individual-level cessation support is uncertain. Methods : Systematic review of individual-level smoking cessation interventions delivered in European countries, reporting a smoking [...]

Mené en Nouvelle-Zélande sur 1 423 fumeurs souhaitant arrêter de fumer (âge : 18 à 70 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue l'intérêt d'un traitement combinant une solution de nicotine en pulvérisation buccale (1mg/dose) et un patch nicotinique pour prolonger l'abstinence tabagique

Combination Rapid-Acting Nicotine Mouth Spray and Nicotine Patch Therapy in Smoking Cessation

Caldwell, Brent O. ; Adamson, Simon J. ; Crane, Julian

Introduction : Improved smoking cessation rates are urgently required if New Zealand is to reach its target of a smokefree nation by 2025, during which some 600,000 smokers will need to quit. Nicotine replacement therapy remains a core part of the pharmacological approach to smoking cessation. Oral nicotine solutions with rapid onset have recently become available. We have examined the effect of a nicotine spray and a nicotine patch on smoking cessation for 12 months. Methods: We enrolled [...]

Menée à Montréal auprès de 1 590 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate diagnostiqué entre 2005 et 2009 et auprès de 1 618 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la circoncision et le risque de développer la maladie, en fonction de l'appartenance ethnique et de l'âge à la circoncision

Circumcision and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in Montréal, Canada

Spence, Andrea R. ; Rousseau, Marie-Claude ; Karakiewicz, Pierre I. ; Parent, Marie-Élise

Objectives : To investigate the possible association between circumcision and prostate cancer risk, to examine whether age at circumcision influences prostate cancer risk, and to determine whether race modifies the circumcision–prostate cancer relationship. Subjects and Methods : PROtEuS (Prostate Cancer and Environment Study), a population-based case-control study set amongst the mainly French-speaking population in Montréal, Canada, was used to address study objectives. The study included [...]

Mené en Suède auprès de 12 527 femmes ayant participé à un dépistage organisé du papillomavirus humain (âge : de 32 à 38 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue, en fonction du type de virus détecté dans les échantillons cervicaux, le risque à long terme de lésions précancéreuses

Long-term HPV type-specific risks for ASCUS and LSIL: A 14-year follow-up of a randomized primary HPV screening trial

Elfström, K. Miriam ; Smelov, Vitaly ; Johansson, Anna L. V. ; Eklund, Carina ; Naucler, Pontus ; Arnheim-Dahlström, Lisen ; Dillner, Joakim

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections result in a significant burden of low-grade cervical lesions. Between 1997 and 2000, our randomized trial of primary HPV screening enrolled 12,527 women participating in population-based screening. Women between 32 and 38 years of age (median: 34, interquartile range: 33–37) were randomized to HPV and cytology double testing (intervention arm, n = 6,257 enrolled, n = 5,888 followed-up) or to cytology, with samples frozen for future HPV testing (control arm, [...]