Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 159 fumeurs (âge moyen : 35,8 ans), cette étude évalue les effets d'une augmentation de la durée d'utilisation de la cigarette électronique sur la dépendance à ce produit et sur le nombre de cigarettes fumées par jour

Effects of Duration of Electronic Cigarette Use

Lechner, William V. ; Tackett, Alayna P. ; Grant, DeMond M. ; Tahirkheli, Noor N. ; Driskill, Leslie M. ; Wagener, Theodore L.

Introduction : This study examined the effect of duration electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on e-cigarette dependence, frequency of use, and strength of nicotine solution as well as number of cigarettes smoked per day. Methods : Individuals were recruited at e-cigarette retail locations in a large metropolitan city in the midwestern portion of the United States in July 2013. A total of 159 participants completed a brief 29-item self-report measure that assessed behaviors and perceptions of [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête nationale réalisée en 2013 auprès de 3 535 adolescents âgés de 12 à 18 ans, cette étude finlandaise évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique et l'intérêt vis-à-vis du sevrage tabagique

Awareness and determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adolescents in 2013: a population-based study

Kinnunen, Jaana Maarit ; Ollila, Hanna ; El-Amin, Salma El-Tayeb ; Pere, Lasse Antero ; Lindfors, Pirjo Liisa ; Rimpelä, Arja Hannele

Background : A wide range of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are now on the market. We studied e-cigarette awareness and use, determinants and sources of e-cigarettes, the e-liquids used in them and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements among adolescents in Finland. Among smokers, we studied the association of e-cigarette use and interest in smoking cessation. Method : Data were obtained from a national survey of 12–18-year-old Finnish adolescents in 2013 (N=3535, response rate 38%). [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant l'effet préventif de la consommation de légumes du genre Allium (poireau, oignon, ail, ...) sur la carcinogenèse de l'estomac et analyse les limites de ces études

Gastric Cancer and Allium Vegetable Intake: A Critical Review of the Experimental and Epidemiologic Evidence

Guercio, Valentina ; Galeone, Carlotta ; Turati, Federica ; La Vecchia, Carlo

There are suggestions of an anticancerogenic effect of allium vegetables and their associated organosulfur components against several cancer types, including gastric cancer, but the issue remains open to discussion and quantification. The present critical review discussed the history, the health properties, the chemistry, the anticancerogenic evidences from experimental studies, and the anticancer mechanisms of allium vegetables. We also summarized findings from epidemiological studies [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 377 patients blancs non hispaniques atteints d'un carcinome basocellulaire et sur 390 témoins (âge inférieur à 40 ans), puis à l'aide d'entretiens, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de thé, de café ou de caféine et le risque de développer précocement la maladie

Tea, coffee, and caffeine and early-onset basal cell carcinoma in a case-control study

Ferrucci, Leah M. ; Cartmel, Brenda ; Molinaro, Annette M. ; Leffell, David J. ; Bale, Allen E. ; Mayne, Susan T.

Tea and coffee are hypothesized to play a protective role in skin carcinogenesis through bioactive components, such as caffeine, yet the epidemiologic evidence is mixed. Existing data support an inverse association with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), more so than for melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma. To understand whether tea, coffee, and caffeine are related to early-onset BCC, we evaluated data from 767 non-Hispanic Whites under age 40 in a case-control study in Connecticut. BCC cases (n=377) [...]

Menée sur des rats, cette étude montre que l'association entre la consommation de blé et la réduction du risque de cancer du côlon dépend de la classe du blé (rouge ou blanc) et non de son degré de raffinage

Wheat Color (Class), Not Refining, Influences Colon Cancer Risk in Rats

Buescher, Mary I. ; Gallaher, Daniel D.

Epidemiological studies suggest whole grain consumption is associated with decreased colon cancer risk. However, wheat classes differ in their usage, making the influence of wheat class (red vs. white) and state of refinement (whole vs. refined) difficult to separate, leading to potential confounding. Consequently, we examined the effect of wheat class and refining on colonic precancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci; ACF) in carcinogen-treated rats. Diets contained wheat flour as whole soft [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes concernant l'efficacité chimiopréventive et thérapeutique de l'aspirine dans les cancers gastro-intestinaux

Aspirin in gastrointestinal oncology: new data on an old friend

Langley, Ruth E. ; Rothwell, Peter M.

Purpose of review : The purpose of this review is to assess recent evidence that demonstrates that aspirin has the potential to be an effective preventive and therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal malignancy. Recent findings : Long-term follow-up of previous randomized trials of aspirin show that it decreases cancer incidence and mortality with the greatest effects seen on cancers that arise from the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in distant metastasis and improvements in cancer outcomes [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin transgénique de tumeur mammaire, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel la withaférine A, une lactone stéroïdienne d'origine végétale, inhibe l'auto-renouvellement des cellules souches des cellules cancéreuses

Mammary Cancer Chemoprevention by Withaferin A Is Accompanied by In Vivo Suppression of Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells

Kim, Su-Hyeong ; Singh, Shivendra V.

Current dogma favors elimination of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (bCSC) for chemoprevention of breast cancer. We showed recently that mammary cancer development in a transgenic mouse model (mouse mammary tumor virus-neu; MMTV-neu) was inhibited significantly upon treatment with withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone derived from a medicinal plant. Herein, we demonstrate that the mammary cancer prevention by WA is accompanied by in vivo suppression of bCSC. In vitro mammosphere formation [...]

Mené en Chine auprès de 3 026 jeunes femmes âgées de 18 à 25 ans et auprès de 3 025 témoins, cet essai de phase II/III évalue l'efficacité d'un vaccin, ciblant les papillomavirus humains de type 16 ou 18 et comportant l'adjuvant AS04, pour réduire le risque d'infection persistante à 6 mois et/ou le risque de néoplasie intraépithélilae du col utérin, puis évalue l'immunogénicité et la sécurité du vaccin

Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy Chinese women aged 18–25 years : Results from a randomized controlled trial

Zhu, Feng-cai ; Chen, Wen ; Hu, Yue-mei ; Hong, Ying ; Li, Juan ; Zhang, Xun ; Zhang, Yi-ju ; Pan, Qin-Jing ; Zhao, Fang-Hui ; Yu, Jia-xi ; Zhang, Yan-shu ; Yang, Xiaoping ; Zhang, Cheng-fu ; Tang, Haiwen ; Zhang, Helen ; Lebacq, Marie ; David, Marie-Pierre ; Datta, Sanjoy K. ; Struyf, Frank ; Bi, Dan ; Descamps, Dominique ; for the, H. P. V. study group

This phase II/III, double-blind, randomized trial assessed the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in young Chinese women (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT00779766). Women aged 18–25 years from Jiangsu province were randomized (1:1) to receive HPV vaccine (n = 3,026) or Al(OH)3 control (n = 3,025) at months 0, 1 and 6. The primary objective was vaccine efficacy (VE) against HPV-16/18 associated 6-month persistent infection (PI) [...]

Mené sur 140 fumeurs afro-américains, cet essai randomisé évalue la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'une intervention, basée sur la diffusion d'un DVD pédagogique, pour les sensibiliser aux risques associés au tabac et les inciter à arrêter de fumer

Efficacy of a DVD-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for African Americans

Webb Hooper, Monica ; Baker, Elizabeth A. ; Robinson, Robert G.

Introduction : Previous research suggests that African American smokers may have improved outcomes if interventions are culturally specific. However, few interventions sufficiently address the unique needs of this population in a format with large reach potential. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a newly developed digital video disc (DVD)-based cessation intervention targeting African Americans. Methods : In a 2-arm randomized trial, smokers (N = 140) were randomly assigned [...]

Menée à partir de l'analyse de 8 285 commentaires d'une pétition contre l'interdiction des cigarettes électroniques par la Food and Drug Adminstration en 2009, cette étude identifie les arguments plaidant pour leur autorisation

Analysis of Comments in a Petition Defending Electronic Cigarettes

Sumner, Holly Marie ; McQueen, Amy ; Scott, Michael John ; Sumner, Walton

Introduction : A 2009 petition opposing a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ban of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) garnered international attention from e-cig users (vapers). Petitioners’ comments described the perceived benefits of vaping. Methods : We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of petitioners’ comments. A sample of 200 petitioner names was sought in public records. Reviewers identified 13 major themes in a sample of comments, and themes related to current controversies [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir d'une enquête réalisée entre 2010 et 2011 auprès de 2 763 fumeurs adultes, cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'une politique nationale de remboursement des consultations comportementales et/ou des traitements pharmacologiques pour augmenter le taux de sevrage tabagique

Effectiveness of a national reimbursement policy and accompanying media attention on use of cessation treatment and on smoking cessation: a real-world study in the Netherlands

Nagelhout, Gera E ; Willemsen, Marc C ; van den Putte, Bas ; de Vries, Hein ; Willems, Roy A ; Segaar, Dewi

Background : In 2011, the Netherlands implemented a national policy that ensured that health insurance companies reimbursed behavioural counselling for smoking cessation or the combination of behavioural counselling with pharmacological therapy. Objective : To examine the real-world impact of a national reimbursement policy and accompanying media attention on use of cessation treatment and on smoking cessation. Methods : We used a four-wave longitudinal survey among 2 763 adult smokers that [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1995 et 2013 (38 études), cette étude compare l'efficacité de politiques ou d'interventions antitabac pour réduire les inégalités en matière de réduction du tabagisme chez les jeunes âgés de 11 à 25 ans

Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

Brown, Tamara ; Platt, Stephen ; Amos, Amanda

Objective : A systematic review to assess the equity impact of interventions/policies on youth smoking. Data sources : Biosis, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Embase, Eric, Medline, Psycinfo, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index and tobacco control experts. Published January 1995 to October 2013. Study selection : Primary studies of interventions/policies reporting smoking-related outcomes in youth (11–25 years) of lower compared to [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2013 (6 essais, 3 294 cas et 3 203 témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'intérêt d'un traitement éradiquant Helicobacter pylori pour réduire le risque de cancer gastrique (51 cas) chez les patients asymptomatiques infectés par la bactérie

Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Alexander C Ford ; David Forman ; Richard H Hunt ; Yuhong Yuan ; Paul Moayyedi

Objectives : To determine whether searching for Helicobacter pylori and treating with eradication therapy leads to a reduction in incidence of gastric cancer among healthy asymptomatic infected individuals. Design : Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources : Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched through to December 2013. Conference proceedings between 2001 and 2013 were hand searched. A recursive search was [...]

Menée auprès de 5 863 adultes ayant essayé d'arrêter de fumer dans les 12 derniers mois, cette étude transversale évalue, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique auto-rapportée, l'efficacité des cigarettes électroniques pour arrêter de fumer (464 cas) par rapport à un traitement substitutif nicotinique acheté sans prescription médicale (1 922 cas) ou à une tentative de sevrage tabagique effectuée sans aide (3 477 cas)

Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study

Brown, Jamie ; Beard, Emma ; Kotz, Daniel ; Michie, Susan ; West, Robert

Background And Aims : Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly increasing in popularity. Two randomised controlled trials have suggested that e-cigarettes can aid smoking cessation but there are many factors that could influence their real-world effectiveness. This study aimed to assess, using an established methodology, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) bought over-the-counter and with unaided quitting [...]