Menée dans deux villages de la région du Chianti (Italie) auprès de 783 hommes ou femmes âgés de 65 ans ou plus, cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux urinaires de métabolites du resvératrol, un polyphénol présent notamment dans le raisin, et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou le risque de cancer

Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults

Semba, R. D. ; Ferrucci, L. ; Bartali, B. ; et al.,

Importance : Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, red wine, chocolate, and certain berries and roots, is considered to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects in humans and is related to longevity in some lower organisms. Objective : To determine whether resveratrol levels achieved with diet are associated with inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in humans. Design : Prospective cohort study, the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study (“Aging [...]

Menée auprès de 1 367 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et auprès de 2 323 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux plasmatiques de la méthionine, de la choline, de la bétaïne ou de la diméthylglycine et le risque de développer la maladie

Plasma Methionine, Choline, Betaine, and Dimethylglycine, in relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Nitter, M. ; Norgård, B. ; de Vogel, S. ; Eussen, S. J. P. M. ; Meyer, K. ; Ulvik, A. ; Ueland, P. M. ; Nygård, O. ; Vollset, S. E. ; Bjørge, T. ; Tjønneland, A. ; Hansen, L. ; Boutron-Ruault, M. ; Racine, A. ; Cottet, V. ; Kaaks, R. ; Kühn, T. ; Trichopoulou, A. ; Bamia, C. ; Naska, A. ; Grioni, S. ; Palli, D. ; Panico, S. ; Tumino, R. ; Vineis, P. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; van Kranen, H. ; Peeters, P. H. ; Weiderpass, E. ; Dorronsoro, M. ; Jakszyn, P. ; Sánchez, M. ; Argüelles, M. ; Huerta, J. M. ; Barricarte, A. ; Johansson, M. ; Ljuslinder, I. ; Khaw, K. ; Wareham, N. ; Freisling, H. ; Duarte-Salles, T. ; Stepien, M. ; Gunter, M. J. ; Riboli, E.

Background : Disturbances in one carbon-metabolism may contribute to carcinogenesis by affecting methylation and synthesis of DNA. Choline and its oxidation product betaine are involved in this metabolism and can serve as alternative methyl group donors when folate status is low. Subjects and methods : We conducted a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), to investigate plasma concentrations of the methyl donors methionine, [...]

Menée sur 1 146 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate traité par prostatectomie radicale et n'ayant jamais reçu de statines auparavant, cette étude rétrospective évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines après le traitement et le risque de récidive biochimique

Postoperative statin use and risk of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database

Allott, Emma H. ; Howard, Lauren E. ; Cooperberg, Matthew R. ; Kane, Christopher J. ; Aronson, William J. ; Terris, Martha K. ; Amling, Christopher L. ; Freedland, Stephen J.

Objective : To investigate the effect of statin use after radical prostatectomy (RP) on biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with prostate cancer who never received statins before RP. Patients and Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1146 RP patients within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine differences in risk of BCR between post-RP statin users vs nonusers. To account for [...]

Menée à partir de données taïwanaises portant sur 476 282 patientes présentant un diabète sucré de type 2 diagnostiqué entre 1998 et 2002, cette étude met en évidence une association entre l'utilisation de la metformine, un antidiabétique oral, et une réduction du risque de cancer du sein

Metformin may reduce breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes

Tseng, Chin-Hsiao

Whether metformin therapy affects breast cancer risk in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated. The reimbursement databases of Taiwanese female patients with a new diagnosis of T2DM between 1998 and 2002 (n = 476,282) were retrieved from the National Health Insurance for follow-up of breast cancer until the end of 2009. Metformin was treated as a time-dependent variable; and of these patients, 285,087 were never-users and 191,195 were ever-users. A [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin présentant un gène BRCA1 défectueux, cette étude met en évidence l'efficacité du véliparib et de l'olaparib, des inhibiteurs de PARP, pour retarder la tumorigenèse mammaire

The PARP inhibitors, veliparib and olaparib, are effective chemopreventive agents for delaying mammary tumor development in BRCA1-deficient mice

To, Ciric ; Kim, Eun-Hee ; Royce, Darlene B. ; Williams, Charlotte R. ; Collins, Ryan M ; Risingsong, Renee ; Sporn, Michael B. ; Liby, Karen T.

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective for the treatment of BRCA-deficient tumors. Women with these mutations have an increased risk of developing breast cancer and would benefit from effective chemoprevention. This study examines whether the PARP inhibitors, veliparib and olaparib, are effective for delaying mammary gland tumor development in BRCA1-deficient (BRCA1Co/Co; MMTV-Cre; p53+/-) mice. In dose de-escalation studies, mice were fed control, veliparib (100 mg/kg diet) [...]

Cet article fait le point sur la prévalence du tabagisme aux Etats-Unis, les traitements pharmacologiques (bupropion, varénicline, traitements substitutifs nicotiniques, ...) et les interventions d'aide au sevrage tabagique chez les patients atteints d'un cancer ou ayant survécu à la maladie

Tobacco use and cessation for cancer survivors: An overview for clinicians

Karam-Hage, Maher ; Cinciripini, Paul M. ; Gritz, Ellen R.

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Approximately 30% of all cancer deaths in the United States are caused by tobacco use and smoking. Cancers of eighteen sites have been causally linked to smoking, the most common of which are the lung, head and neck, bladder, and esophagus. While quit rates and quit attempt rates are relatively high shortly after a cancer diagnosis, the recidivism rates are also high. Therefore, screening, treating, and preventing relapse to tobacco use is imperative among [...]

Mené auprès de 61 fumeurs (âge moyen : 47,3 ans ; 66 % de femmes et 34 % d'hommes ; consommation moyenne de cigarettes : 20 / jour), cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique et du niveau des symptômes dépressifs, l'efficacité d'une intervention d'aide au sevrage tabagique comportant des exercices physiques pendant 12 semaines

A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavioral Exercise Intervention for Smoking Cessation

Abrantes, Ana M. ; Bloom, Erika Litvin ; Strong, David R. ; Riebe, Deborah ; Marcus, Bess H. ; Desaulniers, Julie ; Fokas, Kathryn ; Brown, Richard A.

Introduction : Previous exercise intervention studies for smoking cessation have been challenged by a number of methodological limitations that confound the potential efficacy of aerobic exercise for smoking cessation. Methods : The preliminary efficacy of a behavioral exercise intervention that incorporated features designed to address prior limitations was tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Sixty-one smokers (65.6% female, mean age = 47.3 years; smoked a mean of 19.7 [...]

Cet article fait le point sur le rôle de la médecine personnalisée dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers

Personalised cancer medicine

Jackson, Sarah E. ; Chester, John D.

The evolving field of personalised medicine is playing an increasingly important role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Its importance in clinical management is demonstrated by the recent introduction into routine clinical practice of various individualised, molecularly targeted therapies with increased efficacy and/or reduced toxicity. The identification of cancer predisposition genes, such as the BRCA genes in breast cancer, permits screening programmes to identify [...]