A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée après 2009 (38 études), cette étude analyse l'attitude des professionnels de santé et de la population européenne vis-à-vis de la vaccination, notamment contre le papillomavirus humain

Attitudes to vaccination: A critical review

Yaqub, Ohid ; Castle-Clarke, Sophie ; Sevdalis, Nick ; Chataway, Joanna

This paper provides a consolidated overview of public and healthcare professionals' attitudes towards vaccination in Europe by bringing together for the first time evidence across various vaccines, countries and populations. The paper relies on an extensive review of empirical literature published in English after 2009, as well as an analysis of unpublished market research data from member companies of Vaccines Europe. Our synthesis suggests that hesitant attitudes to vaccination are prevalent [...]

Menée à partir d'un modèle murin transgénique de carcinome urothélial, cette étude évalue l'efficacité de la licofélone, un inhibiteur de la lipoxygénase et de la cyclo-oxygénase, pour réduire la croissance et l'invasion tumorales

Chemoprevention of urothelial cell carcinoma growth and invasion by the dual COX-LOX inhibitor licofelone in UPII-SV40T transgenic mice

Madka, Venkateshwar ; Mohammed, Altaf ; Li, Qian ; Zhang, Yuting ; Patlolla, Jagan Mohan R. ; Biddick, Laura ; Lightfoot, Stan ; Wu, Xue-Ru ; Steele, Vernon E. ; Kopelovich, Levy ; Rao, Chinthalapally V.

Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that use of anti-inflammatory agents is associated with reduced risk for bladder cancer. We determined the chemopreventive efficacy of licofelone, a dual cyclooxygenase (COX)-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor, in a transgenic UPII-SV40T mouse model of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). After genotyping, six week-old UPII-SV40T mice (n=30/group) were fed control (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 150 or 300 ppm licofelone for 34 weeks. At [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une base médicale danoise portant sur la période 2000-2010, cette étude évalue, du point de vue de l'évolution du taux de lésions cervicales précancéreuses et par catégories d'âge, l'efficacité d'un vaccin quadrivalent contre le papillomavirus humain

Incidence of cervical lesions in Danish women before and after implementation of a national HPV vaccination program

Baldur-Felskov, Birgitte ; Dehlendorff, Christian ; Junge, Jette ; Munk, Christian ; Kjaer, SusanneK

Purpose : Approximately 70 % of cervical cancers and about 50 % of high-grade cervical precursor lesions are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. Denmark introduced the quadrivalent HPV vaccine into the vaccination program for 12-year-old girls in 2009 supplemented by a first catch-up program for 13–15-year-old girls in 2008, and a second program for women up to the age of 27 years in 2012; all with high vaccination coverage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the [...]

Mené auprès de 5 123 fumeurs âgés de 18 à 80 ans et à l'aide de questionnaires, cet essai évalue, par rapport aux interventions conventionnelles et du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique prolongée, l'efficacité d'une intervention par courrier et par téléphone pour encourager les fumeurs à rechercher un traitement antitabac, leur proposer et leur offrir des services de sevrage tabagique

Proactive tobacco treatment and population-level cessation: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial

Fu, S. S. ; van Ryn, M. ; Sherman, S. E. ; et al.,

Importance : Current tobacco use treatment approaches require smokers to request treatment or depend on the provider to initiate smoking cessation care and are therefore reactive. Most smokers do not receive evidence-based treatments for tobacco use that include both behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy. Objective : To assess the effect of a proactive, population-based tobacco cessation care model on use of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments and on population-level smoking [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1990 et 2013 (5 études), cette étude identifie des interventions cliniques pour réduire le risque de tabagisme passif chez les femmes enceintes non fumeuses

Clinical interventions to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women : a systematic review

Tong, Van T ; Dietz, Patricia M ; Rolle, Italia V ; Kennedy, Sara M ; Thomas, William ; England, Lucinda J

Objective : To conduct a systematic review of clinical interventions to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking pregnant women. Data sources : We searched 16 databases for publications from 1990 to January 2013, with no language restrictions. Study selection : Papers were included if they met the following criteria: (1) the study population included non-smoking pregnant women exposed to SHS, (2) the clinical interventions were intended to reduce SHS exposure at home, (3) the [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni, cette étude transversale analyse l'adéquation entre des données de la base THIN portant sur le statut tabagique des patients ayant consulté en médecine générale sur la période 2008-2009 (354 204 patients âgés de 16 ans ou plus) et les données collectées lors d'une enquête de santé (15 102 participants âgés de 16 ans ou plus)

Smoker, ex-smoker or non-smoker? The validity of routinely recorded smoking status in UK primary care: a cross-sectional study

Marston, Louise ; Carpenter, James R ; Walters, Kate R ; Morris, Richard W ; Nazareth, Irwin ; White, Ian R ; Petersen, Irene

Objective : To investigate how smoking status is recorded in UK primary care; to evaluate whether appropriate multiple imputation (MI) of smoking status yields results consistent with health surveys. Setting : UK primary care and a population survey conducted in the community. Participants : We identified 354 204 patients aged 16 or over in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database registered with their general practice 2008–2009 and 15 102 individuals aged 16 or over in the [...]

Cet article fait le point sur le processus inflammatoire induit par les protéines oncogènes du papillomavirus humain et analyse son implication clinique dans le traitement et la prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus

Inflammation induced by human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and its implication in prevention

Parida, Sheetal ; Mandal, Mahitosh

Many pathological conditions including most cancers show an exacerbated activation of the inflammatory pathways and their sustained maintenance. In cervical carcinogenesis, the hyperactivation of the inflammatory pathways plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression of the disease from low-grade lesions to invasive cervical cancer as well as in the initiation of other infections such as HIV. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenases regulated by growth [...]