A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 1975 et 2013 (15 études, 5 402 369 personnes), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'activité physique et le risque de cancer de la vessie (27 784 cas)

The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Keimling, M. ; Behrens, G. ; Schmid, D. ; Jochem, C. ; Leitzmann, M. F.

Background : Physical activity may protect against bladder cancer through several biologic pathways, such as enhanced immune function and decreased chronic inflammation. Physical activity may also indirectly prevent bladder cancer by reducing obesity. A sizeable number of epidemiologic studies have examined the association between physical activity and bladder cancer, but the available evidence has not yet been formally summarised using meta-analysis. Methods : We performed a systematic [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en août 2013 (24 études : nombre total de participants : supérieur à 2 millions ; durée médiane de suivi : 10 ans), cette méta-analyse montre que la consommation de fruits, et non de légumes, peut réduire le risque de cancer gastrique

Consumption of fruit, but not vegetables, may reduce risk of gastric cancer: Results from a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Wang, Qingbing ; Chen, Yi ; Wang, Xiaolin ; Gong, Gaoquan ; Li, Guoping ; Li, Changyu

Background and aims : Quantification of the association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of gastric cancer (GC) is controversial. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the associations. Methods : Eligible studies published up to 31st August 2013 were retrieved via both computer searches of PubMed and EMBASE and a manual review of references. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk (SRR). Heterogeneity among studies was [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en avril 2013 (40 articles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation ou le niveau sanguin de vitamines ou provitamines antioxydantes (vitamine C, vitamine E, β-carotène et α-carotène) et le risque de cancer gastrique

Association between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake/blood level and risk of gastric cancer

Li, Peiwei ; Zhang, Honghe ; Chen, Jiamin ; Shi, Yu ; Cai, Jianting ; Yang, Jun ; Wu, Yihua

We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between dietary intake/blood levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and α-carotene) and gastric cancer risk. Systematic literature searches were conducted until April 2013 in Pubmed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall odds ratios (ORs). Dose–response, meta-regression, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were applied. Forty articles [...]

Menée à Singapour sur une cohorte chinoise incluant 63 257 hommes et femmes âgés de 45 à 74 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 14,7 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre la consommation de café et le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Coffee intake and gastric cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Ainslie-Waldman, Cheryl E. ; Koh, Woon-Puay ; Jin, Aizhen ; Yeoh, Khay Guan ; Zhu, Feng ; Wang, Renwei ; Yuan, Jian-Min ; Butler, Lesley M.

Background : Despite experimental evidence showing chemopreventive effects of coffee-related compounds on gastric carcinogenesis, epidemiologic studies generally do not support coffee-gastric cancer associations. Observational data are lacking among high-risk populations with sufficient regular coffee consumption. Methods : We examined the association between caffeinated coffee intake and gastric cancer risk in a population-based cohort that enrolled 63,257 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude montre que la digitoflavone d'origine alimentaire peut, via l'activation de la voie de signalisation Nrf2 et l'inhibition du processus inflammatoire, prévenir la tumorigenèse du côlon associée à une colite

Chemoprevention of dietary digitoflavone on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis through inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation

Yang, Yang ; Cai, Xueting ; Yang, Jie ; Sun, Xiaoyan ; Hu, Chunping ; Yan, Zhanpeng ; Xu, Xiaojun ; Lu, Wuguang ; Wang, Xiaoning ; Cao, Peng

Background : Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a novel target for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Many chemopreventive compounds associated with Nrf2 activation are effective in preclinical systems and many on-going clinical trials are showing promising findings. In present study we evaluated the cytoprotective effect and chemopreventive properties of dietary digitoflavone. Method : A cell based Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-driven luciferase [...]

Menée à partir des données 2007-2011 d'une enquête canadienne (environ 20 000 participants par an ; âge : 15 ans ou plus), cette étude analyse la consommation de cigarillos et de cigares chez les jeunes âgés de 15 à 24 ans après la mise en place d'une loi interdisant la vente de cigarillos aromatisés et imposant un minimum de 20 cigarillos non aromatisés par paquet

Intended and unintended effects of restrictions on the sale of cigarillos to youth: evidence from Canada

Nguyen, Hai V ; Grootendorst, Paul

Background : Youth consumption of cigarillos (ie, little cigars) has increased markedly in recent years. In July 2010, the Canadian government banned the sale of flavoured cigarillos and required unflavoured cigarillos to be sold in packs of at least 20 units. This paper assesses changes in young persons’ use of cigarillos and regular cigars, which are potential substitutes, following the policy. Methods : To investigate of the change in cigar smoking following the policy, we constructed a [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2013 (8 essais, 872 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité de programmes d'aide au sevrage tabagique chez des patients présentant un diabète sucré de type 1 ou 2

Smoking cessation in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomised controlled trials

Nagrebetsky, Alexander ; Brettell, Rachel ; Roberts, Nia ; Farmer, Andrew

Objectives : To evaluate the effects of more intensive smoking cessation interventions compared to less intensive interventions on smoking cessation in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Design : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions was conducted. Electronic searches were carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO to September 2013. Searches were supplemented by review of trial registries and [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 804 fumeurs new-yorkais, cette étude évalue, en fonction de leur niveau de tabagisme, leurs perceptions vis-à-vis de l'efficacité d'une campagne médiatique informant des risques associés au tabac et encourageant les fumeurs légers à utiliser des services d'aide au sevrage tabagique

One cigarette is one too many: evaluating a light smoker-targeted media campaign

Jasek, John P ; Johns, Michael ; Mbamalu, Ijeoma ; Auer, Kari ; Kilgore, Elizabeth A ; Kansagra, Susan M

Background : Light smokers represent an increasing share of adult smokers in various parts of the world including New York City (NYC). Since 2007, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has aired hard-hitting antitobacco media campaigns paired with time-limited nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) giveaways. We evaluated an original antitobacco media campaign, developed to increase awareness of smoking risks and encourage cessation service use among light smokers in NYC. Methods : We [...]

Mené auprès de 157 fumeurs, cet essai américain évalue, en fonction de leur motivation pour arrêter de fumer, l'intérêt de leur offrir deux semaines gratuites d'un traitement substitutif nicotinique pour les inciter à s'engager dans une démarche de sevrage tabagique

Evaluating the Effect of Access to Free Medication to Quit Smoking: A Clinical Trial Testing the Role of Motivation

Jardin, Bianca F. ; Cropsey, Karen L. ; Wahlquist, Amy E. ; Gray, Kevin M. ; Silvestri, Gerard A. ; Cummings, K. Michael ; Carpenter, Matthew J.

Introduction : Although the majority of smokers are ambivalent about quitting, few treatments specifically target smokers lacking motivation to quit in the near future. Most existing interventions are instead predicated on the belief that active treatments should only be distributed to smokers interested in quitting, a largely untested assumption. Methods : In the current clinical trial (N = 157), motivated smokers wanting to quit in the next 30 days were given a 2-week nicotine replacement [...]

Mené en Ecosse auprès de 329 adultes obèses ou en surpoids ayant subi une coloscopie après un résultat positif au test de recherche de sang occulte dans les selles et présentant un adénome colorectal (âge : 50 à 74 ans), cet essai randomisé multicentrique évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la perte de poids, d'un programme d'interventions d'une durée de 12 mois comportant des conseils en matière de nutrition et d'activité physique

The impact of a bodyweight and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) initiated through a national colorectal cancer screening programme : randomised controlled trial

Annie S Anderson ; Angela M Craigie ; Stephen Caswell ; Shaun Treweek ; Martine Stead ; Maureen Macleod ; Fergus Daly ; Jill Belch ; Jackie Rodger ; Alison Kirk ; Anne Ludbrook ; Petra Rauchhaus ; Patricia Norwood ; Joyce Thompson ; Jane Wardle ; Robert J C Steele

Objective : To evaluate the impact of a diet and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) on weight change in people with a body mass index >25 weight (kg)/height (m)2 at increased risk of colorectal cancer and other obesity related comorbidities. Design : Multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Setting : Four Scottish National Health Service health boards. Participants : 329 overweight or obese adults (aged 50 to 74 years) who had undergone colonoscopy after a positive faecal [...]