Mené sur 117 fumeurs, cet essai randomisé évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à court terme et des événements indésirables, l'intérêt d'ajouter à la varénicline un traitement substitutif nicotinique par patch

Is a combination of varenicline and nicotine patch more effective in helping smokers quit than varenicline alone? A randomized controlled trial

Hajek, Peter ; Myers Smith, Katie ; Dhanji, Al-Rehan ; McRobbie, Hayden

BACKGROUND : Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline are both effective in helping smokers quit. There is growing interest in combining the two treatments to improve treatment outcomes, but no experimental data exist on whether this is efficacious. This double-blind randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether adding nicotine patches to varenicline improves withdrawal relief and short-term abstinence rates. METHODS : 117 participants seeking help to stop smoking were [...]

Menée sur une cohorte néerlandaise incluant 58 279 hommes, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de flavonoïdes d'origine alimentaire (catéchine, épicatéchine, kaempférol et myricétine) ou de thé noir et le risque de développer un cancer de la prostate (3 362 cas dont 1 164 cas de stade avancé sur la période 1986-2003)

Dietary Flavonoid Intake, Black Tea Consumption, and Risk of Overall and Advanced Stage Prostate Cancer

Geybels, Milan S. ; Verhage, Bas A. J. ; Arts, Ilja C. W. ; van Schooten, Frederik J. ; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra ; van den Brandt, Piet A.

Flavonoids are natural antioxidants found in various foods, and a major source is black tea. Some experimental evidence indicates that flavonoids could prevent prostate cancer. We investigated the associations between flavonoid intake, black tea consumption, and prostate cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort study, which includes 58,279 men who provided detailed baseline information on several cancer risk factors. From 1986 to 2003, 3,362 prostate cancers were identified, including 1,164 [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'inhibition de la voie de signalisation Notch peut supprimer la carcinogenèse du côlon

Suppression of colon carcinogenesis by targeting Notch signaling

Miyamoto, Shingo ; Nakanishi, Masako ; Rosenberg, Daniel W.

Recent studies have shown that aberrant Notch signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential therapeutic benefits of Notch pathway inhibitors, including gamma-secretase inhibitors, (GSIs) on colon carcinogenesis are still unclear. In the present study, the effects of the GSI, N-[N-3,5-Difluorophenacetyl]-L-alanyl-S-phenylglycine Methyl Ester (DAPM), on colon carcinogenesis were investigated. In vitro, DAPM suppressed cell proliferation and induced [...]

Mené en Espagne entre 2009 et 2011 auprès de 600 fumeurs, cet essai multicentrique compare, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 52 semaines validé par des dosages biochimiques, l'efficacité de programmes d'interventions comportant des séances de conseils téléphoniques et/ou des séances de conseils personnalisés

A multicentre randomized trial of combined individual and telephone counselling for smoking cessation

Ramon, Josep M. ; Nerin, Isabel ; Comino, Araceli ; Pinet, Cristina ; Abella, Francesc ; Carreras, Jose Mª ; Banque, Marta ; Baena, Antoni ; Morchon, Sergio ; Jimenez-Muro, Adriana ; Marqueta, Adriana ; Vilarasau, Assumpcio ; Bullon, Raquel ; Masuet-Aumatell, Cristina

Objective : The present study assessed the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs combining individual and telephone counselling, compared to individual or telephone counselling alone. Method : A randomized, multicentre, open-label trial was performed between January 2009 and July 2011 at six smoking cessation clinics in Spain. Of 772 smokers assessed for eligibility, 600 (77%) met inclusion criteria and were randomized. Smokers were randomized to receive individual counselling, combined [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (31articles), cette étude analyse l'efficacité de politiques scolaires pour prévenir le tabagisme chez les lycéens

Anti-tobacco policy in schools: upcoming preventive strategy or prevention myth? A review of 31 studies

Galanti, Maria Rosaria ; Coppo, Alessandro ; Jonsson, Elin ; Bremberg, Sven ; Faggiano, Fabrizio

Objective : To summarise the evidence on effectiveness of school anti-tobacco policies (exposure) in preventing tobacco use (outcome) among high school students. Data sources : The search was conducted between 1 September and 30 November 2011 on six electronic databases with keywords: ‘policy’, ‘ban’, ‘restriction’ and ‘environment’ in combination with ‘adolescent’ or ‘student’, ‘school’ and ‘smoking’ in titles, abstracts or keywords. Restrictions were made to articles published in English. [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 401 participants ayant des antécédents familiaux de cancer du pancréas, cette étude évalue leur réceptivité et leurs préférences vis-à-vis de programmes d'interventions reposant sur des modifications du mode de vie pour réduire le risque de développer la maladie

Receptivity and preferences of pancreatic cancer family members for participating in lifestyle programs to reduce cancer risk

Howell, Lisa ; Sinicrope, Pamela ; Brockman, Tabetha ; Patten, Christi ; Decker, Paul ; Ehlers, Shawna ; Nadeau, Ashley ; Rabe, Kari ; Breitkopf, Carmen ; Petersen, Gloria

BACKGROUND : Cancer is a shared family experience that might provide an opportunity for lifestyle change among at-risk family members. The purpose of this study was to assess receptivity and preferences for cancer risk reduction programs among at-risk family members with two or more relatives affected with pancreas cancer. METHODS : We surveyed 401 at-risk family members in an existing pancreatic cancer family registry. Participants completed a mailed survey which examined demographic, medical, [...]

Cette étude américaine fait le point sur l'association entre une exposition au radon, le tabagisme et le risque de cancer du poumon et plaide pour le développement d'une politique gouvernementale de lutte contre le radon avec une communication spécifique destinée aux fumeurs

Radon, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: The Need to Refocus Radon Control Policy

Lantz, Paula M. ; Méndez, David ; Philbert, Martin A.

Exposure to radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, and the risk is significantly higher for smokers than for nonsmokers. More than 85% of radon-induced lung cancer deaths are among smokers. The most powerful approach for reducing the public health burden of radon is shaped by 2 overarching principles: public communication efforts that promote residential radon testing and remediation will be the most cost effective if they are primarily directed at current and former smokers; and [...]