A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1966 et 2012 (99 études épidémiologiques), cette étude analyse l'association entre une exposition à la lumière solaire, les niveaux de vitamine D et la réduction du risque de certains types de cancer (colorectal, sein, prostate, lymphome non hodgkinien) puis identifie des voies biologiques, autres que celle de la vitamine D, pouvant expliquer un effet préventif de la lumière solaire sur la carcinogenèse

Is prevention of cancer by sun exposure more than just the effect of vitamin D? A systematic review of epidemiological studies

van der Rhee, Han ; Coebergh, Jan Willem ; de Vries, Esther

The number of studies reporting on the association between sunlight exposure, vitamin D and cancer risk is steadily increasing. We reviewed all published case–control and cohort studies concerning colorectal-, prostate-, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and both sunlight and vitamin D to update our previous review and to verify if the epidemiological evidence is in line with the hypothesis that the possible preventive effect of sunlight on cancer might be mediated not only by vitamin [...]

Menée sur 535 adolescents âgés de 13 à 18 ans, cette étude longitudinale évalue les effets de la dépendance à la nicotine et de symptômes de la dépression sur le sevrage tabagique

Effects of Nicotine Dependence and Depressive Symptoms on Smoking Cessation: A Longitudinal Study Among Adolescents

Scherphof, Charlotte S. ; van den Eijnden, Regina J. J. M. ; Harakeh, Zeena ; Raaijmakers, Quinten A. W. ; Kleinjan, Marloes ; Engels, Rutger C. M. E. ; Vollebergh, Wilma A. M.

Introduction: Nicotine dependence has been shown to hamper successful smoking cessation in adolescents. Nicotine dependence and depression are highly comorbid, but the relation between depression and smoking cessation is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the present study examines both the longitudinal reciprocal relation between nicotine dependence and depressive symptoms, and the longitudinal effect of these factors on successful smoking cessation and number of quit attempts.Methods: A [...]

A partir d'enquêtes auprès de 4 355 fumeurs, cette étude canadienne analyse l'évolution de leur statut tabagique et évalue, par rapport à une abstinence tabagique complète, l'intérêt de réduire transitoirement la consommation de tabac pour arrêter de fumer définitivement

Transitions in Smoking Status Over Time in a Population-Based Panel Study of Smokers

Bondy, Susan J. ; Victor, J. Charles ; Diemert, Lori M. ; Mecredy, Graham C. ; Chaiton, Michael ; Brown, K. Stephen ; Cohen, Joanna E. ; McDonald, Paul W. ; Ferrence, Roberta ; Garcia, John M. ; Selby, Peter ; Schwartz, Robert

Introduction: Few studies have examined the transitions of smokers in the general population through multiple periods of daily, occasional smoking, or abstinence over time. Transitions from daily to occasional smoking are particularly of interest as these may be steps toward cessation.Methods: The Ontario Tobacco Survey panel study followed 4,355 baseline smokers, semiannually for up to 3 years. Probabilities of all possible changes in smoking status more than 6 months were estimated using [...]

Cette étude coréenne évalue l'effet de la consommation de statines sur le risque de cancer gastrique chez les patients atteints de diabète (983 cas et 983 témoins)

Statins and the risk of gastric cancer in diabetes patients

Lee, Jeeyun ; Lee, Soo Hyeon ; Hur, Kyu Yeon ; Woo, Sook Young ; Kim, Sun Woo ; Kang, Won Ki

BACKGROUND:Several studies have suggested a cancer risk reduction in statin users although the evidence remains weak for stomach cancer. The purpose of this study was to use an exact-matching case--control design to examine the risk of gastric cancer associated with the use of statins in a cohort of patients with diabetes. METHODS:Cases were defined as patients with incident gastric cancer identified by International Classification of Diseases 16.0 ~ 16.9 recorded at Samsung Medical Center [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'efficacité du di-indolylméthane administré par voie nasale pour inhiber la tumorigenèse du poumon

Chemoprevention of lung tumorigenesis by intranasally administered diindolylmethane in A/J mice

Qian, Xuemin ; Song, Jung Min ; Melkamu, Tamene ; Upadhyaya, Pramod ; Kassie, Fekadu

The main reasons for the failure of most chemopreventive agents during clinical trials are poor in vivo bioavailability and dose-limiting side effects. One potential approach to surmount these problems in lung cancer chemoprevention trials could be direct delivery of agents into the pulmonary tissue. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of intranasally delivered Bio-Response diindolylmethane (BRD) against 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis [...]

Menée sur une xénogreffe orthotopique de cancer humain de la prostate, cette étude montre que la plumbagine, un composé extrait de la plante d'origine indienne Plumbago zeylanica, peut inhiber la croissance des cellules tumorales et le processus métastatique

Plumbagin, a medicinal plant (Plumbago zeylanica) - derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, inhibits growth and metastasis of human prostate cancer PC-3M-luciferase cells in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model

Hafeez, Bilal Bin ; Zhong, Weixiong ; Fischer, Joseph W. ; Mustafa, Ala ; Shi, Xudong Daniel ; Meske, Louise ; Hong, Hao ; Cai, Weibo ; Havighurst, Thomas ; Kim, KyungMann ; Verma, Ajit K.

We present here first time that Plumbagin (PL), a medicinal plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, inhibits the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In this study, human PCa PC-3M-luciferase cells (2X106) were injected into the prostate of athymic nude mice. Three days post cell implantation, mice were treated with PL (2 mg/kg body wt. i.p five days in a week) for 8 weeks. Growth and metastasis of PC-3M-luciferase cells was examined weekly by [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude analyse la réponse des lymphocytes T CD4+ à un antigène spécifique d'Helicobacter pylori visant à réduire le risque de cancer de l'estomac

A Dominant CD4+ T-Cell Response to Helicobacter pylori Reduces Risk for Gastric Disease in Humans

Chen, Li ; Li, Bin ; Yang, Wuchen ; He, Jialin ; Li, Ningyi ; Hu, Jian ; He, Yafei ; Yu, Shu ; Zhao, Zhuo ; Luo, Ping ; Zhang, Jinyong ; Li, Haibo ; Zeng, Ming ; Lu, Dongshui ; Li, Bosheng ; Guo, Hong ; Yang, Shiming ; Guo, Gang ; Mao, Xuhu ; Chen, Weisan ; Wu, Chao ; Zou, Quanming

Immunodominance is an important feature of anti-viral, anti-tumor, and anti-bacterial cellular immune responses, but it is not well-demonstrated in the immune responses against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells protect mice against infection with H. pylori. We investigated the immunodominant CD4+ T-cell response to neuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin (HpaA)— a conserved, H. pylori -specific colonization factor that is being investigated as an antigen for [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2012 (19 essais), cette étude évalue l'efficacité de divers programmes d'intervention pour prévenir le tabagisme ou promouvoir son arrêt chez les enfants et les adolescents

Primary Care–Relevant Interventions for Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Patnode, Carrie D. ; O'Connor, Elizabeth ; Whitlock, Evelyn P. ; Perdue, Leslie A. ; Soh, Clara ; Hollis, Jack

Background: Interventions to prevent smoking uptake or encourage cessation among young persons might help prevent tobacco-related illness.Purpose: To review the evidence for the efficacy and harms of primary care–relevant interventions that aim to reduce tobacco use among children and adolescents.Data Sources: Three systematic reviews that collectively covered the relevant literature; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews [...]