A partir de données portant au total sur 1 245 femmes enceintes et fumeuses, puis d'entretiens auprès de 27 participantes, cette étude évalue la motivation d'arrêter le tabagisme chez les femmes présentant des troubles psychiques

Smoking cessation in pregnant women with mental disorders: a cohort and nested qualitative study

Howard, L. M. ; Bekele, D. ; Rowe, M. ; Demilew, J. ; Bewley, S. ; Marteau, T. M.

Objective To investigate whether 1) pregnant smokers with mental disorders are less likely to accept referrals to smoking cessation services compared with pregnant smokers without disorders; 2) they experience specific barriers to smoking cessation. Design Cohort study supplemented by cross-sectional survey and nested qualitative study. Setting Three maternity services, London, UK. Population Pregnant smokers with and without mental disorders. Methods Case notes were examined on a cohort of 400 [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 253 élèves en école élémentaire, cette étude évalue l'effet, sur leur consommation de fruits et légumes, d'un programme pédagogique reposant sur de courtes vidéos montrant des enfants récompensés pour leur comportement alimentaire lors du déjeûner

Incentivizing Children's Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Results of a United States Pilot Study of the Food Dudes Program

Wengreen, Heidi J. ; Madden, Gregory J. ; Aguilar, Sheryl S. ; Smits, Rochelle R. ; Jones, Brooke A.

Preliminary evaluation in the United States (US) of a school-based fruit and vegetable (F/V) intervention, known as the Food Dudes (FD) program, developed in the United Kingdom. Over 16 days (Phase 1), elementary-school children (n = 253) watched short videos featuring heroic peers (the FD) eating F/V and received a reward for eating F/V served at lunchtime. In the 3 months that followed (Phase 2), children received increasingly intermittent rewards for eating F/V. Consumption was measured by [...]

A partir d'un questionnaire auprès d'une cohorte de 69 120 personnes (durée moyenne de suivi : 4 ans) et à l'aide des données de registres américains du cancer, cette étude évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre différents types de régime alimentaire végétarien et le risque de cancer (2 939 cas)

Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population

Tantamango-Bartley, Yessenia ; JACELDO-SIEGL, KAREN ; Fan, Jing ; FRASER, Gary

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. Dietary factors account for at least 30% of all cancers in Western countries. Since people do not consume individual foods but rather combinations of them, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and cancer risk. Methods: We examined the association between dietary patterns (non-vegetarians, lacto, pesco, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and the overall cancer [...]

Menée à l'aide de lignées cellulaires, d'échantillons tissulaires sains de foie prélevés sur des patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire et à l'aide d'un modèle murin transgénique, cette étude montre que l'acide subéroylanilide-hydroxamique, un inhibiteur de l'histone désacétylase, peut inhiber la carcinogenèse hépatique associée au virus de l'hépatite B, en supprimant l'activité de l'oncoprotéine virale pre-S2

Histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid suppresses the pro-oncogenic effects induced by hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant oncoprotein and represents a potential chemopreventive agent in high-risk chronic HBV patients

Hsieh, Yi-Hsuan ; Su, Ih-Jen ; Yen, Chia-Jui ; Tsai, Ting-Fen ; Tsai, Hung-Wen ; Tsai, Han-Ni ; Huang, Yu-Jun ; Chen, Yen-Yu ; Ai, Yu-Lin ; Kao, Lin-Yuan ; Hsieh, Wen-Chuan ; Wu, Han-Chieh ; Huang, Wenya

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pre-S2 mutant large HBV surface antigen (LHBS) in type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) has been recognized as an emerging viral oncoprotein; it directly interacts with the c-Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1) and subsequently causes hyperphosphorylation of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma and, consequently, leads to disturbed cell cycle progression. The interaction of the pre-S2 [...]

Menée in vitro sur des modèles de cancer colorectal, cette étude montre que des extraits de baies riches en composés phénoliques (framboises, fraises, cassis) conservent leur activité anticancer après digestion gastrointestinale et fermentation colique

Persistence of Anticancer Activity in Berry Extracts after Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Colonic Fermentation

Brown, Emma M. ; McDougall, Gordon J. ; Stewart, Derek ; Pereira-Caro, Gema ; González-Barrio, Rocio ; Allsopp, Philip ; Magee, Pamela ; Crozier, Alan ; Rowland, Ian ; Gill, Chris I. R.

Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated at the population level with a protective effect against colorectal cancer. Phenolic compounds, especially abundant in berries, are of interest due to their putative anticancer activity. After consumption, however, phenolic compounds are subject to digestive conditions within the gastrointestinal tract that alter their structures and potentially their function. However, the majority of phenolic compounds are not efficiently absorbed in the small [...]

A partir des données portant sur 2 990 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal diagnostiqué entre 1997 et 2006 (âge au diagnostic : 65 à 83 ans), cette étude évalue l'effet de la consommation d'aspirine, après le diagnostic de la maladie, sur la mortalité spécifique et la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Use of aspirin post-diagnosis in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer and its association with all-cause and colorectal cancer specific mortality

McCowan, C. ; Munro, A. J. ; Donnan, P. T. ; Steele, R. J. C.

Objective Aspirin is associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. This study examined whether patients with colorectal cancer prescribed aspirin had improved survival. Design An observational population cohort study was undertaken using data linkage of cancer registry, dispensed prescriptions and death certificate records in Tayside, Scotland. All community prescribed aspirin pre- and post-diagnosis was extracted and periods of aspirin use post-diagnosis for each individual [...]

Cet article passe en revue les futurs axes de recherche en matière de prévention des cancers, notamment les approches moléculaires permettant d'identifier les voies associées aux phases d'initiation et de développement de la maladie ainsi que les approches immunologiques pouvant inhiber la carcinogenèse

Future directions in cancer prevention

Umar, Asad ; Dunn, Barbara K. ; Greenwald, Peter

Prevention of cancer remains the most promising strategy for reducing both its incidence and the mortality due to this disease. For more than four decades, findings from epidemiology, basic research and clinical trials have informed the development of lifestyle and medical approaches to cancer prevention. These include selective oestrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, the 5-

A partir d'une enquête menée auprès de 7 840 adultes entre 2009 et 2010, cette étude polonaise identifie les facteurs socio-démographiques associés à l'arrêt prolongé du tabagisme

Predictors of long-term smoking cessation: Results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009--2010)

Kaleta, Dorota ; Korytkowski, Przemysaw ; Makowiec-Dbrowska, Teresa ; Usidame, Bukola ; Bk-Romaniszyn, Leokadia ; Fronczak, Adam

BACKGROUND:Expanding the information on determinants of smoking cessation is crucial for developing and implementing more effective tobacco control measures at the national as well as European levels. Data on smoking cessation and its social correlates among adults from middle-income countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still poorly reported in the literature. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of socio-demographic indicators with long term tobacco smoking cessation [...]

Menée sur 55 fumeurs présentant un syndrome de stress post-traumatique et sur 52 témoins, cette étude identifie les facteurs prédictifs associés à une rechute tabagique dans la première semaine qui suit l'arrêt du tabac

Predictors of Lapse in First Week of Smoking Abstinence in PTSD and Non-PTSD Smokers

Beckham, Jean C. ; Calhoun, Patrick S. ; Dennis, Michelle F. ; Wilson, Sarah M. ; Dedert, Eric A.

Introduction: Retrospective research suggests smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lapse more quickly after their quit date. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) research is needed to confirm the presence of early smoking lapse in PTSD and form conceptualizations that inform intervention.Methods: Smokers with (n = 55) and without (n = 52) PTSD completed alarm-prompted EMA of situational and psychiatric variables the week before and after a quit date, and self-initiated EMA [...]

Menée en Espagne sur 533 échantillons cervicaux anormaux, cette étude analyse la distribution des génotypes de papillomavirus humain, la prévalence des néoplasies cervicales intraépithéliales et des carcinomes invasifs

Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in histological sections of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma in Madrid, Spain

Garcia-Espinosa, Benjamin ; Moro-Rodriguez, Ernesto ; Alvarez-Fernandez, Emilio

BACKGROUND:Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical specimens from the city of Madrid (Spain), as a contribution to the knowledge of Human Papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of carcinogenic HPV types in cervical lesions in Spain.METHODS:A total of 533 abnormal specimens, from the Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Maranon" of Madrid, were studied. These included 19 benign lesions, 349 cervical intraepithelial [...]