A partir des données d'une enquête téléphonique californienne réalisée en 2008 auprès de 2 227 fumeurs dont 450 d'origine hispanique, cette étude évalue leur sensibilité au prix du tabac, en fonction de leur appartenance ethnique, de leur âge, de leur sexe et de leur consommation quotidienne de cigarettes

Perceived Price Sensitivity by Ethnicity and Smoking Frequency Among California Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Smokers

Myers, Mark G. ; Edland, Steven D. ; Hofstetter, C. Richard ; Al-Delaimy, Wael K.

Objectives: Little is currently known about price sensitivity across ethnic groups as well as for non-daily smokers. To address this issue, this study compared perceived price sensitivity across smoking status (daily and non-daily) and within ethnicity (Hispanic and non-Hispanic White) in a recent representative population survey of California smokers.Methods: This study employed data from the 2008 California Tobacco Survey (CTS), a large population-based random-digit-dialed telephone survey. [...]

A partir d'entretiens menés en 2001-2002 puis en 2004-2005 auprès d'une cohorte de 7 068 fumeurs adultes, cette étude américaine évalue les effets d'une augmentation du prix des paquets de cigarettes sur le comportement tabagique des participants en fonction du nombre initial de cigarettes fumées quotidiennement

Differential effects of cigarette price changes on adult smoking behaviours

Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia A ; Krauss, Melissa J ; Spitznagel, Edward L ; Chaloupka, Frank J ; Luke, Douglas A ; Waterman, Brian ; Grucza, Richard A ; Bierut, Laura Jean

Background Raising cigarette prices through taxation is an important policy approach to reduce smoking. Yet, cigarette price increases may not be equally effective in all subpopulations of smokers.Purpose To examine differing effects of state cigarette price changes with individual changes in smoking among smokers of different intensity levels.Methods Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US adults [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 644 patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'endomètre entre 1986 et 2006, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre la consommation totale de vitamine D, le niveau plasmatique de 25-hydroxyvitamine D, 12 polymorphismes à simple nucléotide de gènes liés à la vitamine D et le risque de développer la maladie

Prospective analysis of vitamin D and endometrial cancer risk

Liu, J. J. ; Bertrand, K. A. ; Karageorgi, S. ; Giovannucci, E. ; Hankinson, S. E. ; Rosner, B. ; Maxwell, L. ; Rodriguez, G. ; De Vivo, I.

Background This is the first prospective cohort analysis on the association between vitamin D and endometrial cancer incorporating time-varying predicted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].Methods The prospective cohort analysis of predicted 25(OH)D and total dietary vitamin D intake used the Cox proportional hazards model, and involved 644 incident endometrial cancer events from 1986 to 2006 in the Nurses' Health Study. Genotyping and unconditional logistic regression were carried out on 572 [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de carcinome épidermoïde de la peau induit par les ultraviolets, cette étude montre qu'un traitement topique à base de diclofénac, un anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien inhibiteur de la cyclo-oxygénase 2, peut, à différents degrés selon le sexe, réduire la charge tumorale chez la souris ne présentant pas de lésions cutanées précurseurs

Preventative topical diclofenac treatment differentially decreases tumor burden in male and female Skh-1 mice in a model of UVB-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Burns, Erin M. ; Tober, Kathleen L. ; Riggenbach, Judith A. ; Schick, Jonathan S. ; Lamping, Keith N. ; Kusewitt, Donna F. ; Young, Gregory S. ; Oberyszyn, Tatiana M.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) light is the major environmental carcinogen contributing to nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development. There are over 3.5 million NMSC diagnoses in two million patients annually, with men having a three fold greater incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared to women. Chronic inflammation has been linked to tumorigenesis, with a key role for the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Diclofenac, a COX-2 inhibitor and NSAID, currently is prescribed to patients as a [...]

Cet article passe en revue les nouveaux axes de recherche concernant les mécanismes et processus par lesquels la vitamine D a un effet chimiopréventif sur la carcinogenèse du sein

Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Emerging Concepts

Mehta, Rajendra G. ; Peng, Xinjian ; Alimirah, Fatouma ; Murillo, Genoveva ; Mehta, Rajeshwari

The benefit of vitamin D in cancer prevention and to certain extent therapy has been well recognized. The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25(OH)2 D3) is a natural ligand for vitamin D receptor (VDR). Since 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts toxic effects at a concentration that is beneficial, nearly 1500 analogs of vitamin D have been synthesized and evaluated for their efficacy in a variety of carcinogenesis and human cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Among these only a [...]

A partir des recommandations de l'article 14 de la convention cadre de l'OMS pour la lutte antitabac, cette étude identifie 9 axes de recherche prioritaires pour aider les fumeurs à arrêter les pratiques tabagiques

Research Priorities for Article 14-Demand Reduction Measures Concerning Tobacco Dependence and Cessation

McRobbie, Hayden ; Raw, Martin ; Chan, Sophia

Introduction: Tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) interventions are often seen as expensive with little impact on the prevalence of tobacco use. However, activities that promote the cessation of tobacco use and support abstinence have an important role in any comprehensive tobacco control program and as such are recognized within Article 14 (A14) of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.Objectives: To review current evidence for TDT and recommend research priorities that will contribute to [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 35 852 fumeurs, cette étude danoise évalue, par rapport au bupropion, l'association entre l'utilisation de la varénicline pour arrêter de fumer et la survenue de troubles cardiovasculaires graves

Use of varenicline for smoking cessation and risk of serious cardiovascular events: nationwide cohort study

Henrik Svanström ; Björn Pasternak ; Anders Hviid

Objective To investigate whether varenicline is associated with an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events compared with another drug used for smoking cessation, bupropion. Design Nationwide historical cohort study. Setting Denmark, 2007-10. Participants New users of varenicline (n=17 926) and bupropion (n=17 926). Main outcome measures Individual level data on dispensed drug prescriptions, cardiovascular events, and potential confounders were linked between registries. Cox regression [...]

Menée sur 427 fumeurs (durée de suivi : 52 semaines), cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un traitement combinant ou non la varénicline avec le bupropion et/ou des inhibiteurs de recapture de la sérotonine pour aider les patients à arrêter de fumer

Effectiveness of Coadministration of Varenicline, Bupropion, and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in a Smoking Cessation Program in the Real-Life Setting

Issa, Jaqueline S. ; Abe, Tania Ogawa ; Moura, Simone ; Santos, Paulo C. J. L. ; Pereira, Alexandre C.

Introduction: Varenicline has a significant impact on the ability to quit smoking. However, patients may have side effects similar to nicotine withdrawal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of varenicline in monotherapy or in combined therapy with bupropion and/or serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in a specific cardiovascular smoking cessation service.Methods: It is an outcome research of 427 patients that received varenicline monotherapy or combined [...]