Menée dans le Sud-Est de l'Angleterre sur 512 femmes ayant cessé de fumer durant la grossesse, cette étude identifie les facteurs socio-démographiques associés au risque de rechute tabagique après l'accouchement

Factors Associated With Smoking Relapse in the Postpartum Period: An Analysis of the Child Health Surveillance System Data in Southeast England

Harmer, Clare ; Memon, Anjum

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that a high proportion (47%–63%) of women who quit smoking during pregnancy relapse during the postpartum period. The purpose of this population-based study was to examine the association between selected sociodemographic factors and smoking relapse in the early postpartum period (within the first 6 weeks) in women who had successfully quit smoking during the pregnancy.Methods: The study included 512 women resident in East Sussex, United Kingdom, who [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin d'obésité, cette étude montre qu'une supplémentation en acides aminés ramifiés a des effets chimiopréventifs sur le développement de lésions prénéoplasiques du foie

Preventive effects of branched-chain amino acids supplementation on the spontaneous development of hepatic preneoplastic lesions in C57BL/KsJ-db/db obese mice

Terakura, Daishi ; Shimizu, Masahito ; Iwasa, Junpei ; Baba, Atsushi ; Kochi, Takahiro ; Ohno, Tomohiko ; Kubota, Masaya ; Shirakami, Yohei ; Shiraki, Makoto ; Takai, Koji ; Tsurumi, Hisashi ; Tanaka, Takuji ; Moriwaki, Hisataka

Obesity and its associated disorders, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which improves protein malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis, reduces the risk of HCC in these patients with obesity. In the present study, the effects of BCAA supplementation on the spontaneous development of hepatic premalignant lesions, foci of cellular alteration (FCA), in db/db obese mice were examined. Male db/db mice [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les mécanismes moléculaires pouvant expliquer l'association entre l'obésité et le cancer, puis passe en revue les nouvelles stratégies de prévention visant à réguler les apports énergétiques

Obesity, Energy Balance and Cancer: New Opportunities for Prevention

Berger, Nathan A ; Hursting, Stephen D. ; DiGiovanni, John ; Dannenberg, Andrew J. ; Azrad, Maria ; LeRoith, Derek ; Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy ; Kakarala, Madhuri ; Brodie, Angela H

Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis for many types of cancer. The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer link are becoming increasingly clear and provide multiple opportunities for primary to tertiary prevention. Several obesity-related host factors can influence tumor initiation, progression and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. These host factors include [...]

A partir d'échantillons tumoraux prélevés sur 264 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon et à l'aide d'un questionnaire, cette étude analyse l'effet d'une alimentation riche en quercétine, un flavonoïde présent dans les plantes, sur l'expression de microARNs impliqués dans la carcinogenèse

Influence of quercetin-rich food intake on microRNA expression in lung cancer tissues

Lam, Tram Kim ; Shao, Stephanie ; Zhao, Yingdong ; Marincola, Francesco M. ; Pesatori, Angela C. ; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto ; Caporaso, Neil E. ; Wang, Ena ; Landi, Maria Teresa

Background: Epidemiologic studies have reported that frequent consumption of quercetin-rich foods is inversely associated with lung cancer incidence. A quercetin-rich diet might modulate microRNA (miR) expression; however, this mechanism has not been fully examined. Methods: miR expression data were measured by a custom-made array in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 264 lung cancer cases (144 adenocarcinomas and 120 squamous cell carcinomas). Intake of quercetin-rich foods [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin recevant un régime alimentaire riche en graisses, cette étude montre qu'un supplément naturel multiminéral dérivé des algues rouges peut réduire le risque de polypes adénomateux du côlon

A Multimineral Natural Product from Red Marine Algae Reduces Colon Polyp Formation in C57BL/6 Mice

Aslam, Muhammad N. ; Bergin, Ingrid ; Naik, Madhav ; Paruchuri, Tejaswi ; Hampton, Anna ; Rehman, Muneeb ; Dame, Michael K. ; Rush, Howard ; Varani, James

The goal of this study was to determine if a multimineral natural product derived from red marine algae could reduce colon polyp formation in mice on a high-fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were maintained for up to 18 mo either on a high-fat ?Western-style? diet or on a low-fat diet (AIN 76A), with or without the multimineral-supplement. To summarize, colon polyps were detected in 22 of 70 mice (31%) on the high-fat diet but in only 2 of 70 mice (3%) receiving the mineral-supplemented high-fat diet (P < [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de cancer mammaire, cette étude évalue l'effet d'une alimentation supplémentée en acide docosahexaénoïque, un acide gras polyinsaturé oméga-3, sur la perte de poids associée à une chimiothérapie à base de doxorubicine

DHA Effect on Chemotherapy-Induced Body Weight Loss: An Exploratory Study in a Rodent Model of Mammary Tumors

Hajjaji, Nawale ; Couet, Charles ; Besson, Pierre ; Bougnoux, Philippe

Body weight loss during the course of cancer disease has been associated with poor prognosis. Beside cancer-associated cachexia, weight loss can also result from chemotherapy. This work explored whether a model of mammary tumors in female Sprague Dawley rats could be appropriate to study the effect of doxorubicin on body weight, described weight change in this model, and assessed the effect of DHA on weight during chemotherapy. After tumor induction, rats were randomly assigned to a control or [...]

Menée in vitro, cette étude montre que l'activité anti-tumorale de la metformine, une substance utilisée dans le traitement du diabète de type 2, est modifiée par l'expression du proto-oncogène myc et le type de source de carbone alimentant la glycolyse

Carbon source and myc expression influence the antiproliferative actions of metformin

Javeshghani, Shiva ; Zakikhani, Mahvash ; Austin, Shane ; Bazile, Miguel ; Blouin, Marie-Jose ; Topisirovic, Ivan ; St-Pierre, Julie ; Pollak, Michael N.

Epidemiologic and experimental data have led to increased interest in possible roles of biguanides in cancer prevention and/or treatment. Prior studies suggest that the primary action of metformin is inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in reduced mitochondrial ATP production and activation of AMPK. In vitro, this may lead to AMPK-dependent growth inhibition if AMPK and its effector pathways are intact, or to an energetic crisis if these are defective. We now demonstrate that the [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire humaine de carcinome de la prostate et à l'aide d'un modèle murin orthotopique de métastases hématogènes, cette étude montre que la curcumine, un pigment polyphénolique provenant du Curcuma longa, peut bloquer le processus métastatique en agissant sur la boucle de régulation des cytokines de l'inflammation CXCL1 et CXCL2

Curcumin Inhibits Prostate Cancer Metastasis in vivo by Targeting the Inflammatory Cytokines CXCL1 and -2

Killian, Peter H. ; Kronski, Emanuel ; Michalik, Katharina ; Barbieri, Ottavia ; Astigiano, Simonetta ; Sommerhoff, Christian P. ; Pfeffer, Ulrich ; Nerlich, Andreas G. ; Bachmeier, Beatrice E.

In America and Western Europe prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the development and metastatic progression of prostate cancer.We previously reported that the chemopreventive polyphenol Curcumin inhibits the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 leading to diminished formation of breast cancer metastases. Here we analyse the effects of Curcumin on prostate carcinoma [...]

Menée dans l'Ouest de l'Australie, cette étude cas-témoins (850 cas et 958 témoins) évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en acide folique et le risque de cancer du côlon droit (275 cas) ou du côlon gauche (575 cas)

Dietary and Supplemental Folate and the Risk of Left- and Right–Sided Colorectal Cancer

Clapin, Helen F. ; Fritschi, Lin ; Iacopetta, Barry ; Heyworth, Jane S.

Epidemiological evidence suggests that folate may lower the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) although studies have been inconsistent and some have indicated differences in the effects of naturally occurring dietary folate and the synthetic form of this vitamin, folic acid. Most studies to date have considered CRC as a single disease; however, cancers that develop on the left and right sides of the colorectum display important phenotypic differences, suggesting they may also have different risk [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de modèles murins de tumeur mammaire, cette étude montre que le vorinostat, un inhibiteur de l'histone désacétylase, peut, combiné à des triterpénoïdes synthétiques, réduire la tumorigenèse

The combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat and synthetic triterpenoids reduces tumorigenesis in mouse models of cancer

Tran, Kim ; Risingsong, Renee ; Royce, Darlene ; Williams, Charlotte R. ; Sporn, Michael B. ; Pioli, Patricia A. ; Gediya, Lalji K. ; Njar, Vincent C. ; Liby, Karen T.

Novel drugs and drug combinations are needed for the chemoprevention of cancer. We show that the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)) and the methyl ester or ethyl amide derivatives of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me and CDDO-Ea, respectively) cooperated to inhibit the de novo synthesis of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells and in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, SAHA enhanced the [...]