A partir d'une enquête menée entre 2010 et 2011 auprès de 290 athlètes universitaires présentant un risque élevé de cancer de la peau, cette étude transversale identifie les facteurs prédictifs et les obstacles associés à l'utilisation de la crème solaire

Sunscreen Use in NCAA Collegiate Athletes: Identifying Targets for Intervention and Barriers to Use

Wysong, Ashley ; Gladstone, Hayes ; Kim, David ; Lingala, Bharathi ; Copeland, Joyce ; Tang, Jean Y.

Objective Ultraviolet radiation is a known risk factor for skin cancer and photoaging. Athletes are at high-risk with frequent sun exposure during peak hours of ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to identify attitudes, personal characteristics, and barriers associated with sunscreen use among a high-risk athlete population. Methods A cross-sectional survey study conducted in 290 collegiate athletes from April 2010 to June 2011 at Duke and Stanford Universities. Results The average [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les composés d'origine alimentaire pouvant, en agissant sur l'activité ou l'expression de l'ADN méthyltransférase et des enzymes impliquées dans la modification des histones, inhiber la carcinogenèse associée à l'altération de mécanismes épigénétiques

Cancer Chemoprevention and Nutri-Epigenetics: State of the Art and Future Challenges

Gerhauser, C.

The term "epigenetics" refers to modifications in gene expression caused by heritable, but potentially reversible, changes in DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as promising new targets for cancer prevention strategies as they occur early during carcinogenesis and represent potentially initiating events for cancer development. Over the past few years, nutri-epigenetics - the influence of dietary components on mechanisms influencing the epigenome [...]

Menée sur 856 patients atteints d'un carcinome urothélial nouvellement diagnostiqué, cette étude évalue l'association entre les concentrations plasmatiques de vitamine C ou de divers types de caroténoïdes et le risque de développer la maladie

Plasma carotenoids and vitamin C concentrations and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Ros, M. M. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; Kampman, E. ; Aben, K. K. ; Buchner, F. L. ; Jansen, E. H. ; van Gils, C. H. ; Egevad, L. ; Overvad, K. ; Tjonneland, A. ; Roswall, N. ; Boutron-Ruault, M. C. ; Kvaskoff, M. ; Perquier, F. ; Kaaks, R. ; Chang-Claude, J. ; Weikert, S. ; Boeing, H. ; Trichopoulou, A. ; Lagiou, P. ; Dilis, V. ; Palli, D. ; Pala, V. ; Sacerdote, C. ; Tumino, R. ; Panico, S. ; Peeters, P. H. ; Gram, I. T. ; Skeie, G. ; Huerta, J. M. ; Barricarte, A. ; Quiros, J. R. ; Sanchez, M. J. ; Buckland, G. ; Larranaga, N. ; Ehrnstrom, R. ; Wallstrom, P. ; Ljungberg, B. ; Hallmans, G. ; Key, T. J. ; Allen, N. E. ; Khaw, K. T. ; Wareham, N. ; Brennan, P. ; Riboli, E. ; Kiemeney, L. A.

BACKGROUND : Published associations between dietary carotenoids and vitamin C and bladder cancer risk are inconsistent. Biomarkers may provide more accurate measures of nutrient status. OBJECTIVE : We investigated the association between plasma carotenoids and vitamin C and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. DESIGN: A total of 856 patients with newly diagnosed UCC were matched with 856 [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin exposé au tétrachlorure de carbone et au N-Nitrosodiéthylamine, cette étude montre que l'amarogentine, un glycoside seco-iridoïde provenant de la plante Swertia chirata (famille de la gentiane), peut inhiber la carcinogenèse du foie en agissant sur les processus de régulation du cycle cellulaire et de l'apoptose

Prevention of liver carcinogenesis by Amarogentin through modulation of G1/S cell cycle check point and induction of apoptosis

Pal, Debolina ; Sur, Subhayan ; Mandal, Suvra ; Das, Ashes ; Roy, Anup ; Das, Sukta ; Panda, Chinmay kumar

Amarogentin a secoiridoid glycoside is an active component of the medicinal plant Swertia chirata. In this study chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic action of amarogentin was evaluated in a Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)/ N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced liver carcinogenesis mouse model system during continuous and post treatment schedule. Better survival, no toxicity and increased body weight were noted in amarogentin treated mice. Reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis [...]

A partir des données d'un registre médical britannique, cette analyse cas-témoins montre que la metformine ne réduit pas le risque de cancer du poumon (13 043 cas et 78 258 témoins)

Metformin does not alter the risk of lung cancer: A case–control analysis

Bodmer, Michael ; Becker, Claudia ; Jick, Susan S. ; Meier, Christoph R.

Background Metformin use has been linked to a decreased cancer risk. We explored the association between use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs and the risk of lung cancer. Methods We assessed the association between metformin, and other antidiabetic drugs and lung cancer using a case–control analysis in the UK-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Cases were people with an incident diagnosis of lung cancer. Up to 6 controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 3 986 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate diagnostiqué entre 1990 et 2005, cette étude prospective évalue les effets de la consommation d'aspirine sur la progression de la maladie et la survie des patients

Aspirin use after a prostate cancer diagnosis and cancer survival in a prospective cohort

Dhillon, Preet K. ; Kenfield, Stacey A. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Chan, June M.

Experimental and clinical data suggest that aspirin and other non-steroidal inflammatory drugs may delay the progression of prostate cancer through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and its effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Epidemiological data support a reduced risk of prostate cancer incidence with aspirin use, yet no evidence exists regarding whether aspirin after diagnosis influences progression or survival. We conducted a prospective study of 3,986 [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 2 008 adolescents malaisiens ou thaïlandais, cette étude compare, en fonction du sexe et du pays, l'efficacité de deux stratégies de prévention du tabagisme : l'une reposant sur des programmes éducatifs en milieu scolaire, l'autre sur la diffusion par les médias de messages antitabac

Effectiveness of Antismoking Media Messages and Education Among Adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Project

Zawahir, Shukry ; Omar, Maizurah ; Awang, Rahmat ; Yong, Hua-Hie ; Borland, Ron ; Sirirassamee, Buppha ; Fong, Geoffrey T. ; Hammond, David

Introduction : Finding ways to discourage adolescents from taking up smoking is important because those who begin smoking at an earlier age are more likely to become addicted and have greater difficulty in quitting. This article examined whether anti smoking messages and education could help to reduce smoking susceptibility among adolescents in two Southeast Asian countries and to explore the possible moderating effect of country and gender. Methods : Data came from Wave 1 of the International [...]

Menée au Brésil auprès de 640 participantes âgées de 16 à 26 ans, cette étude évalue l'intérêt des paquets de cigarettes "neutres" pour réduire l'attrait des produits du tabac chez les jeunes

The potential impact of plain packaging of cigarette products among Brazilian young women: an experimental study

White, Christine ; Hammond, David ; Thrasher, James ; Fong, Geoffrey

BACKGROUND:Tobacco use is responsible for 5.4 million deaths every year worldwide and is a leading cause of preventable death. The burden of these deaths is rapidly shifting to low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. Brazil has prohibited most forms of tobacco advertising; however, the cigarette pack remains a primary source of marketing. The current study examined how tobacco packaging influences brand appeal and perceptions of health risk among young women in Brazil.METHODS:A [...]

Mené en Italie auprès de 1 100 participantes devant subir un frottis cervico-vaginal, cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux de cessation tabagique et du nombre de cigarettes consommées quotidiennement, l'efficacité d'une courte intervention, avant l'examen médical, destinée à informer sur le sevrage tabagique et à promouvoir l'activité physique

The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling : effectiveness of the SPRINT randomized controlled trial

GORINI, Giuseppe ; CARRERAS, Giulia ; Giordano, Livia ; Anghinoni, Emanuela ; Iossa, Anna ; Coppo, Alessandro ; Talassi, Fiorella ; Galavotti, Maurizio ; Chellini, Elisabetta

BACKGROUND:The organized Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (CCSP) in Italy might represent an occasion to deliver smoking cessation (SC) counselling to women attending the Pap test examination. Evidence of effectiveness of physical activity (PA) promotion and intervention in adjunct to SC counselling is not strong.Objective of the SPRINT trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard SC counselling intervention delivered by trained midwives in the CCSP, and whether the adjunct of a PA [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur l'intérêt d'une vaccination anti-HPV chez les femmes sexuellement actives dans les pays en développement

Human papillomavirus vaccination in low-resource countries: lack of evidence to support vaccinating sexually active women

Tsu, V. ; Murray, M. ; Franceschi, S.

Vaccines against the human papillomaviruses (HPV) that cause around 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide are highly efficacious when administered before infection with the viruses, which occurs soon after initiation of sexual activity. Despite recommendations from key public health bodies that the primary target population for HPV vaccination should be young adolescent girls, numerous articles have suggested widening the target age group to include older adolescent girls and adult women. [...]