A partir des données d'une enquête en ligne et d'une étude de cohorte menées respectivement auprès de 2 649 et 3 658 adultes en 2010, cette étude évalue, en fonction de leur statut tabagique et de leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques, le taux d'utilisation des cigarettes électroniques ainsi que le degré de sensibilisation au produit et aux risques liés au tabac

e-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perceptions in US Adults

Pearson, Jennifer L. ; Richardson, Amanda ; Niaura, Raymond S. ; Vallone, Donna M. ; Abrams, David B.

Objectives. We estimated e-cigarette (electronic nicotine delivery system) awareness, use, and harm perceptions among US adults. Methods. We drew data from 2 surveys conducted in 2010: a national online study (n = 2649) and the Legacy Longitudinal Smoker Cohort (n = 3658). We used multivariable models to examine e-cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions. Results. In the online survey, 40.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 37.3, 43.1) had heard of e-cigarettes, with awareness highest [...]

A partir des données d'une étude de cohorte incluant 2 607 adultes âgés de 20 à 28 ans, cette étude américaine analyse, en fonction de leurs caractéristiques socio-démographiques, leur degré de sensibilisation au snus (tabac à priser), leur utilisation de ce produit et leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des risques associés à sa consommation

Awareness, perceptions and use of snus among young adults from the upper Midwest region of the USA

Choi, Kelvin ; Forster, Jean

Background Since its introduction in 2006, snus has been aggressively marketed by tobacco companies. However, little is known about the awareness, perceptions and use of snus among young adults after Camel and Marlboro snus were sold nationwide in 2010.Methods Data were collected from 2607 young adults (ages 20–28) who participated in the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study in 2010–2011. Data include awareness of snus, ever and past 30-day use, perceived potential of snus as a quit aid, [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2011 (20 études), cette étude évalue l'effet de l'activité physique sur la densité mammaire

Physical activity and mammographic breast density: a systematic review

Yaghjyan, Lusine ; Colditz, Graham ; Wolin, Kathleen

Studies show a protective relationship between physical activity and breast cancer risk across the life course from menarche to postmenopausal years. Mammographic breast density is a known and strong breast cancer risk factor. Whether the association of physical activity with breast cancer risk is mediated through mammographic breast density is poorly understood. This systematic review summarizes published studies that investigated the association between physical activity and mammographic [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle du facteur de transcription NRF2 dans la chimioprévention des cancers et livre une analyse critique de leurs résultats contradictoires

NRF2 and cancer: the good, the bad and the importance of context

Sporn, Michael B. ; Liby, Karen T.

Many studies of chemopreventive drugs have suggested that their beneficial effects on suppression of carcinogenesis and many other chronic diseases are mediated through activation of the transcription factor NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2). More recently, genetic analyses of human tumours have indicated that NRF2 may conversely be oncogenic and cause resistance to chemotherapy. It is therefore controversial whether the activation, or alternatively the inhibition, of NRF2 is a useful strategy for [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin ayant été exposé à une dose non mortelle de rayonnements ionisants, cette étude montre qu'une supplémentation en tempol, un antioxydant, peut réduire le risque de cancer induit par les rayonnements et augmenter la survie

The Antioxidant Tempol Reduces Carcinogenesis and Enhances Survival in Mice when Administered After Non-Lethal Total Body Radiation

Mitchell, James B. ; Anver, Miriam R. ; Sowers, Anastasia ; Rosenberg, Philip S ; Figueroa, Maria ; Thetford, Angela ; Krishna, Murali C ; Albert, Paul S. ; Cook, John A.

There is significant interest in the development of agents that can ameliorate radiation damage after exposure to radiation has occurred. Here we report that chronic supplementation of the antioxidant Tempol in the diet of mice can reduce body weight without toxicity, decrease cancer, and extend survival when administered after non-lethal total body radiation (TBI). These effects were apparent in two different strains of mice (C3H, CBA) exposed to TBI (3 Gy). Notably, delaying administration of [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe de cancer du poumon, cette étude évalue l'intérêt d'un système d'implant polymère multicouche à libération prolongée de substances actives pour la chimioprévention des cancers

Multi-layer polymeric implants for sustained release of chemopreventives

Aqil, Farrukh ; Jeyabalan, Jeyaprakash ; Kausar, Hina ; Bansal, Shyam S. ; Sharma, Ram J. ; Singh, Inder P. ; Vadhanam, Manicka V. ; Gupta, Ramesh C.

Poor oral bioavailability limits the use of many chemopreventives in the prevention and treatment of cancer. To overcome this limitation, we report on an improvised implant formulation (“coated” implants) using curcumin, individual curcuminoids, withaferin A and oltipraz. This method involves the coating of blank polycaprolactone implants with 20-40 layers of 10-20% polycaprolactone solution in dichloromethane containing 0.5-2% of the test agent. The in vitro release showed that while oltipraz [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de modèles murins, cette étude identifie le mécanisme par lequel la taxifoline, un flavonoïde d'origine végétale, inhibe la carcinogenèse de la peau induite par les ultraviolets

Taxifolin suppresses UV-induced skin carcinogenesis by targeting EGFR and PI3-K

Oi, Naomi ; Chen, Hanyong ; Kim, Myoung Ok ; Lubet, Ronald A. ; Bode, Ann M. ; Dong, Zigang

Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in United States. Taxifolin reportedly exerts multiple biological effects but the molecular mechanisms and direct target(s) of taxifolin in skin cancer chemoprevention are still unknown. In silico computer screening and kinase profiling results suggest that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and Src are potential targets for taxifolin. Pull-down assay results showed that EGFR, PI3-K and [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en janvier 2012 (13 études de cohorte,11 études cas-témoins ; nombre de participants : supérieur à 2,4 millions), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines et le risque de cancer du sein (76 759 cas)

Statin use and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Undela, Krishna ; Srikanth, Vallakatla ; Bansal, Dipika

Emerging evidence suggests that statins’ may decrease the risk of cancers. However, available evidence on breast cancer is conflicting. We, therefore, examined the association between statin use and risk of breast cancer by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of all observational studies published regarding this subject. PubMed database and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for epidemiological studies published up to January 2012, investigating the relationship between statin [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude identifie un mécanisme par lequel le pioglitazone, un antidiabétique oral agoniste de PPARγ, pourrait réduire le risque de cancer du sein hormono-dépendant chez les femmes obèses ménopausées

Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, Suppresses CYP19 Transcription: Evidence for Involvement of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase and BRCA1

Subbaramaiah, Kotha ; Howe, Louise R. ; Zhou, Xi Kathy ; Yang, Peiying ; Hudis, Clifford A. ; Kopelovich, Levy ; Dannenberg, Andrew J.

Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is encoded by the CYP19 gene. In obese postmenopausal women, increased aromatase activity in white adipose tissue is believed to contribute to hormone-dependent breast cancer. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)stimulates the cAMP→protein kinase A (PKA) pathway leading to increased CYP19 transcription and elevated aromatase activity in inflamed white adipose tissue. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) plays a major role in the [...]