Mené aux Etats-Unis, au Canada et au Royaume-Uni, cet essai multicentrique évalue l'efficacité d'un programme de prévention reposant sur la qualité de l'alimentation et sur l'activité physique pour améliorer durablement les comportements de santé et les conditions physiques de patients obèses ou en surpoids et atteints d'un cancer du sein, de la prostate ou du côlon depuis 5 ans ou plus ( 641 cas ; âge : 65 ans ou plus ; indice de masse corporelle : 25 à 40 kg/m

Reach Out to Enhance Wellness Home-Based Diet-Exercise Intervention Promotes Reproducible and Sustainable Long-Term Improvements in Health Behaviors, Body Weight, and Physical Functioning in Older, Overweight/Obese Cancer Survivors

Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy ; Morey, Miriam C. ; Sloane, Richard ; Snyder, Denise C. ; Miller, Paige E. ; Hartman, Terryl J. ; Cohen, Harvey J.

Purpose Diet and exercise interventions have been tested in cancer survivors as a means to reduce late effects and comorbidity, but few have assessed adherence and health outcomes long term.Methods Between July 2005 and May 2007, the Reach Out to Enhance Wellness (RENEW) trial accrued 641 locoregionally staged, long-term (≥ 5 years from diagnosis) colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer survivors in the United States (21 states), Canada, and the United Kingdom. All participants were sedentary [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 29 480 participantes, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation à l'adolescence de vitamine D ou de calcium et l'incidence de maladie proliférative bénigne du sein (682 cas)

Adolescent intakes of vitamin D and calcium and incidence of proliferative benign breast disease

Su, X. ; Colditz, G. A. ; Collins, L. C. ; Baer, H. J. ; Sampson, L. A. ; Willett, W. C. ; Berkey, C. S. ; Schnitt, S. J. ; Connolly, J. L. ; Rosner, B. A. ; Tamimi, R. M.

Vitamin D and calcium have been shown to have protective effects against breast cancer development in animal studies. Vitamin D and calcium play important anticarcinogenic roles in animal studies. Exposures between menarche and first birth may be important in breast development and future breast cancer risk. However, the relations between adolescent vitamin D and calcium intake and the risk of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD), a marker of increased breast cancer risk, have not yet been [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (17 études et 37 632 cas), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation conjointe ou non de la metformine et d'une sulfonylurée et le risque de cancer chez les patients présentant un diabète de type 2

Cancer Risk Associated with Use of Metformin and Sulfonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Soranna, Davide ; Scotti, Lorenza ; Zambon, Antonella ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Grassi, Guido ; Catapano, Alberico ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Mancia, Giuseppe ; Corrao, Giovanni

Abstract Objective. Oral antidiabetic drugs (including metformin and sulfonylurea) may play a role in the relationship between type 2 diabetes and cancer. To quantify the association between metformin and sulfonylurea and the risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of available studies on the issue.Materials and Methods. We performed a MEDLINE search for observational studies that investigated the risk of all cancers and specific cancer sites in relation to use of metformin and/or [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les études récentes concernant la chimioprévention des cancers, analyse les difficultés rencontrées et les moyens possibles pour les surmonter

Chemoprevention: Making it a success story for controlling human cancer

Mukhtar, Hasan

Cancer chemoprevention, based on recent successes both in the laboratory and the clinic, is being considered as a viable option for controlling the disease. This approach takes advantage of the long latency of the disease that offers numerous opportunities for intervention. Chemopreventive intervention caters to a defined population that is relatively at a higher risk for developing the disease with an objective to stop, reverse or slow down the progression of the disease. The strategy of [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de cancer du poumon à petites cellules, cette étude montre que la curcumine, un composé actif du curcuma, peut bloquer des processus associés à la carcinogenèse ou à la progression tumorale en inhibant la voie de signalisation JAK-STAT3

Curcumin Blocks Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Migration, Invasion, Angiogenesis, Cell Cycle and Neoplasia through Janus Kinase-STAT3 Signalling Pathway

Yang, Cheng-Liang ; Liu, Yong-Yu ; Ma, Ye-Gang ; Xue, Yi-Xue ; Liu, De-Gui ; Ren, Yi ; Liu, Xiao-Bai ; Li, Yao ; Li, Zhen

Curcumin, the active component of turmeric, has been shown to protect against carcinogenesis and prevent tumor development. However, little is known about its anti-tumor mechanism in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this study, we found that curcumin can inhibit SCLC cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion and angiogenesis through suppression of the STAT3. SCLC cells were treated with curcumin (15 µmol/L) and the results showed that curcumin was effective in inhibiting STAT3 [...]

A partir des données d'une enquête nationale américaine réalisée en 2010, cette étude analyse l'utilisation du tamoxifène et du raloxifène pour prévenir un cancer primitif du sein chez des femmes à haut risque

Use of tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer chemoprevention in 2010

Waters, E. A. ; McNeel, T. S. ; Stevens, W. M. ; Freedman, A. N.

Two selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, have been shown in randomized clinical trials to reduce the risk of developing primary invasive breast cancer in high-risk women. In 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used these studies as a basis for approving tamoxifen for primary breast chemoprevention in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women at high risk. In 2007, the FDA approved raloxifene for primary breast cancer chemoprevention for [...]

Menée en Nouvelle-Angleterre sur 1 171 patients atteints d'un cancer de la vessie nouvellement diagnostiqué et sur 1 418 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation régulière d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (ibuprofène) ou d'autres analgésiques, des variants génétiques et le risque de développer la maladie

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other analgesic use and bladder cancer in northern New England

Baris, Dalsu ; Karagas, Margaret R. ; Koutros, Stella ; Colt, Joanne S. ; Johnson, Alison ; Schwenn, Molly ; Fischer, Alexander H. ; Figueroa, Jonine D. ; Berndt, Sonja I. ; Han, Summer ; Beane Freeman, Laura E. ; Lubin, Jay H. ; Cherala, Sai ; Cantor, Kenneth P. ; Jacobs, Kevin ; Chanock, Stephen ; Chatterjee, Nilanjan ; Rothman, Nathaniel ; Silverman, Debra T.

A few epidemiologic studies have found that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer. However, the effects of specific NSAID use and individual variability in risk have not been well studied. We examined the association between NSAIDs use and bladder cancer risk, and its modification by 39 candidate genes related to NSAID metabolism. A population-based case–control study was conducted in northern New England, enrolling 1,171 newly [...]

A partir d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude irlandaise évalue l'effet de politiques de lutte antitabac, mises en oeuvre entre 1998 et 2010, sur la prévalence du tabagisme et la mortalité associée

The effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in Ireland using the IrelandSS simulation model

Currie, Laura M ; Blackman, Kenneth ; Clancy, Luke ; Levy, David T

Objectives This study estimates the relative contribution of policies implemented between 1998 and 2010 to reductions in smoking prevalence by 2010. It then models the impact of implementing stronger policies, relative to a scenario of inaction, on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable mortality in Ireland.Methods IrelandSS is an adapted version of SimSmoke, a dynamic simulation model used to examine the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence, through initiation and [...]

Menée dans 7 pays à faible revenu, cette étude évalue l'efficacité de 8 programmes de prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus pour améliorer la couverture vaccinale des jeunes filles contre les infections à papillomavirus humain (87 580 participantes)

Assessment of eight HPV vaccination programs implemented in lowest income countries

Ladner, Joel ; Besson, Marie-Helene ; Hampshire, Rachel ; Tapert, Lisa ; Chirenje, Mike ; Saba, Joseph

BACKGROUND:Cervix cancer, preventable, continues to be the third most common cancer in women worldwide, especially in lowest income countries. Prophylactic HPV vaccination should help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. The purpose of the study was to describe the results of and key concerns in eight HPV vaccination programs conducted in seven lowest income countries through the Gardasil Access Program (GAP).METHODS:The GAP provides free HPV vaccine to [...]