A partir d'une enquête auprès de 3 473 dyades "jeune - parents non fumeurs", cette étude américaine identifie les facteurs familiaux permettant de prévenir un début de tabagisme chez les jeunes et évalue leur influence en fonction de l'appartenance ethnique des participants

Continued Importance of Family Factors in Youth Smoking Behavior

Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda ; Xiao, Yang ; Gordon, Judith S. ; Khoury, Jane C.

Introduction: Although it is known that levels of family factors (FF) such as parental monitoring and parent–adolescent connectedness vary during adolescence, it is unknown which factors remain protective, preventing smoking initiation, in youth of differing racial/ethnic groups. Using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample, we examined which FF protect against smoking initiation in White, Black, and Hispanic youth.Methods: A total of 3,473 parent-nonsmoking youth dyads from Round 1 [...]

Menée à l'aide de xénogreffes de cancer du sein et de cancer de la prostate, cette étude montre qu'une supplémentation en vitamine D3 ou que l'injection de calcitriol (une forme de vitamine D) peut inhiber la croissance tumorale

Dietary Vitamin D3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) Exhibit Equivalent Anticancer Activity in Mouse Xenograft Models of Breast and Prostate Cancer

Swami, S. ; Krishnan, A. V. ; Wang, J. Y. ; Jensen, K. ; Horst, R. ; Albertelli, M. A. ; Feldman, D.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3) or calcitriol], the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, exhibits anticancer actions in models of breast cancer and prostate cancer. Because CYP27B1 (1alpha-hydroxylase), the enzyme catalyzing 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) formation in the kidney, is also expressed in extrarenal tissues, we hypothesize that dietary vitamin D(3) will be converted to 25(OH)D(3) in the body and then to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) locally in the cancer microenvironment in which it will exert [...]

Menée sur 226 patientes sud-coréennes présentant une tumeur maligne ou bénigne de la thyroïde, cette étude cas-témoins évalue l'effet de la consommation de fruits et de légumes crus sur le risque de cancer de la thyroïde

The effect of raw vegetable and fruit intake on thyroid cancer risk among women: a case-control study in South Korea

Jung, S. K. ; Kim, K. ; Tae, K. ; Kong, G. ; Kim, M. K.

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer among Korean women. However, there are few data on dietary factors related to thyroid cancer risk. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between raw vegetables and fruits intake and thyroid cancer in a case-control study. We included 111 histologically confirmed malignant thyroid cancer cases and 115 benign cases. Controls who did not have nodules in thyroid ultrasonography were matched to cases by age ( +/- 2 years). Food [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire d'hépatome humain, cette étude montre que la quercétine, un flavonoïde d'origine végétale, peut réduire l'inflammation induite par le facteur de nécrose tumorale dans les cellules hépatiques en inhibant la voie du facteur de transcription NF-kappa B

Quercetin Attenuates TNF-Induced Inflammation in Hepatic Cells by Inhibiting the NF-kappaB Pathway

Granado-Serrano, A. B. ; Martin, M. A. ; Bravo, L. ; Goya, L. ; Ramos, S.

The dietary flavonoid quercetin is an antioxidant that possesses antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties and may modulate signaling pathways. Inflammation is considered to play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by triggering activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), functionally dependent on cellular redox status. This study aims to investigate the antiinflammatory effect of quercetin and its role on the NF-kappaB pathway, and cyclooxygenase-2 [...]

Menée sur deux modèles murins et à l'aide de lignées cellulaires humaines de cancer du poumon, cette étude montre que la bétanine, un pigment présent dans la betterave, peut inhiber la tumorigenèse du poumon induite par le carbamate de vinyle et le benzopyrène en favorisant l'apoptose des cellules tumorales

Beetroot red (betanin) inhibits vinyl carbamate- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis through apoptosis

Zhang, Q. ; Pan, J. ; Wang, Y. ; Lubet, R. ; You, M.

Betanin, also called beetroot red, has been extensively used as a food colorant. In this study, the chemopreventive activity of betanin by oral consumption was investigated in two mouse lung tumor models. Vinyl carbamate (VC) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) were used to induce lung tumors, and female A/J mice were treated with betanin in drinking water. Betanin significantly decreased tumor multiplicity and tumor load induced by both carcinogens. Tumor multiplicity and tumor load were decreased by [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la metformine, un antidiabétique oral, peut prévenir le développement d'un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou à partir de lésions pré-cancéreuses induites par des carcinogènes

Metformin Prevents the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Carcinogen-Induced Premalignant Lesions

Vitale-Cross, Lynn ; Molinolo, Alfredo A. ; Martin, Daniel ; Younis, Rania H. ; Maruyama, Takashi ; Patel, Vyomesh ; Chen, Wanjun ; Schneider, Abraham ; Gutkind, J. Silvio

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major public health concern. The recent identification of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway as a highly prevalent molecular signature underlying HNSCC pathogenesis has provided the foundation to search for novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat HNSCC. Here, we asked whether metformin, the most widely used medication for the treatment of type II diabetes, which acts in part by stimulating the AMP-activated protein kinase [...]

Cet article passe en revue les causes évitables de cancer et suggère de renforcer ou développer les moyens permettant de mieux appliquer les connaissances actuelles en matière de prévention

Applying What We Know to Accelerate Cancer Prevention

Colditz, Graham A. ; Wolin, Kathleen Y. ; Gehlert, Sarah

More than half of the cancer occurring today is preventable by applying knowledge that we already have. Tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity are the modifiable causes of cancer that generate the most disease. Cancer burden can be reduced by alterations in individual and population behaviors and by public health efforts as long as these changes are driven by sound scientific knowledge and social commitment to change. The obstacles to these efforts are societal and arise from the [...]

Cet article fait le point sur la valeur prédictive d'outils destinés à évaluer, dans le cadre d'un sevrage tabagique, le degré de dépendance à différents produits dérivés du tabac contenant ou non un substitut nicotinique

Dependence on Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Case for Product-Specific Assessment

Fagerström, Karl ; Eissenberg, Thomas

The International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for diagnosing tobacco/nicotine dependence emphasize the dependence-producing drug nicotine. These diagnostic tools have been challenged on grounds of poor predictive validity, and they do not differentiate across various forms of nicotine-containing products. In fact, nicotine-containing products (e.g., tobacco cigarettes, smokeless tobacco [ST], waterpipe, electronic cigarettes [ECIGs], and nicotine [...]