Menée sur 6 783 adolescents néerlandais âgés de 12 à 14 ans, cette étude longitudinale évalue le rôle des facteurs personnels et socio-environnementaux dans la dépendance à la nicotine, puis analyse les stratégies possibles pour prévenir la survenue ou l'accroissement de cette dépendance

Predicting nicotine dependence profiles among adolescent smokers: the roles of personal and social-environmental factors in a longitudinal framework

Kleinjan, Marloes ; Vitaro, Frank ; Wanner, Brigitte ; Brug, Johannes ; van den Eijnden, Regina ; Engels, Rutger

BACKGROUND:Although several studies have reported that symptoms of nicotine dependence can occur after limited exposure to smoking, the majority of research on nicotine dependence has focused on adult smokers. Insufficient knowledge exists regarding the epidemiology and aetiology of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers. The objective of the present study is to identify the effects of theoretically driven social and individual predictors of nicotine dependence symptom profiles in a [...]

Menée sur des souris préalablement nourries selon un régime alimentaire riche en graisses, cette étude montre qu'une alimentation riche en cholécalciférol (une forme de vitamine D) et en calcium peut modifier leur métabolisme énergétique et réduire les réactions inflammatoires associées au risque de carcinogenèse du côlon

Dietary Cholecalciferol and Calcium Levels in a Western-Style Defined Rodent Diet Alter Energy Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses in Mice

Bastie, C. C. ; Gaffney-Stomberg, E. ; Lee, T. W. ; Dhima, E. ; Pessin, J. E. ; Augenlicht, L. H.

Male and female C57Bl6 mice were fed a control AIN76A diet, a new Western-style diet (NWD1) reflecting dietary patterns linked to elevated colon cancer incidence (higher fat, lower cholecalciferol, calcium, methyl donors, fiber), or NWD1 with elevated cholecalciferol and calcium (NWD2) from weaning. After 24 wk, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] decreased by >80% in the NWD1 group compared with controls, but with no alteration in serum calcium or bone mineral density. The decreased serum [...]

Menée à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 1 752 participantes chypriotes, cette étude cas-témoins (935 cas et 817 témoins) évalue l'effet d'un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen sur le risque de cancer du sein

The mediterranean dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in Greek-Cypriot women: a case-control study

Demetriou, Christiana ; Hadjisavvas, Andreas ; Loizidou, Maria ; Loucaides, Giorgos ; Neophytou, Ioanna ; Sieri, Sabina ; Kakouri, Eleni ; Middleton, Nicos ; Vineis, Paolo ; Kyriacou, Kyriacos

BACKGROUND:Diet has long been suspected to impact on breast cancer risk. In this study we evaluated whether the degree of adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern modifies breast cancer risk amongst Greek-Cypriot women.METHODS:Subjects included 935 cases and 817 controls, all participating in the MASTOS case-control study in Cyprus. The study was approved by the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee. Information on dietary intakes was collected using an interviewer administered 32-item Food [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de carcinogenèse du côlon, cette étude montre que la dolastatine 15, un peptide linéaire provenant d'un mollusque marin, peut prévenir, en combinaison avec du célécoxib, la survenue de lésions pré-néoplasiques et induire l'apoptose des entérocytes en inhibant le facteur de transcription NF Kappa B et l'oxyde nitrique synthétase inductible, une enzyme pro-inflammatoire

Dolastatin 15, a mollusk linear peptide, and Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, prevent preneoplastic colonic lesions and induce apoptosis through inhibition of the regulatory transcription factor NF-[kappa]B and an inflammatory protein, iNOS

Piplani, Honit ; Vaish, Vivek ; Sanyal, Sankar Nath

The marine ecosystem is a unique and enormously rich source of natural products with potential chemopreventive applications in cancer. In the present study, we explored the chemopreventive role and the molecular mechanism of Dolastatin, a linear peptide from an Indian Ocean mollusk, and Celecoxib, a well-established cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor in an individual as well as in a combination regimen in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in a rat model. [...]

Mené sur 150 patients âgés de 40 à 80 ans et ayant subi une polypectomie colorectale, cet essai randomisé multicentrique évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité d'un traitement à base de metformine, un antidiabétique oral, pour prévenir la survenue de polypes colorectaux métachrones

Metformin efficacy and safety for colorectal polyps: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Higurashi, Takuma ; Takahashi, Hirokazu ; Endo, Hiroki ; Hosono, Kunihoro ; Yamada, Eiji ; Ohkubo, Hidenori ; Sakai, Eiji ; Uchiyama, Takashi ; Hata, Yasuo ; Fujisawa, Nobutaka ; Uchiyama, Shiori ; Ezuka, Akiko ; Nagase, Hajime ; Kessoku, Takaomi ; Matsuhashi, Nobuyuki ; Nakayama, Shoji ; Inayama, Yoshiaki ; Morita, Satoshi ; Nakajima, Atsushi

BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer is one of the major neoplasms and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and new preventive strategies are needed to lower the burden of this disease. Metformin, a biguanide, which is widely used for treating diabetes mellitus, has recently been suggestive to have a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis and cancer cell growth. In a previous study conducted in non-diabetic subjects, we showed that oral short-term low-dose metformin suppressed the development of [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin et à l'aide de cellules épithéliales de souris, cette étude montre que les sélénoprotéines peuvent réduire le risque de carcinogenèse mammaire induite chimiquement

Selenoproteins Reduce Susceptibility To DMBA-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis

Hudson, Tamaro S. ; Carlson, Bradley A. ; Hoeneroff, Mark ; Young, Heather A. ; Sordillo, Lorraine ; Muller, William ; Hatfield, Dolph L. ; Green, Jeffrey E.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient in the diet of humans and other mammals. Based largely on animal studies and epidemiological evidence, selenium is purported to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. However, the biological mechanisms by which chemopreventive activity takes place are poorly understood. It remains unclear whether selenium acts in its elemental form, through incorporation into organic compounds, through selenoproteins or any combination of these. The purpose of this [...]