A partir des revues systématiques Cochrane publiées entre 2000 et 2019 (150 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'activité physique et le risque de maladies chroniques non transmissibles (cancer, maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète, ...)

Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Posadzki, Pawel ; Pieper, Dawid ; Bajpai, Ram ; Makaruk, Hubert ; Könsgen, Nadja ; Neuhaus, Annika Lena ; Semwal, Monika

Background: Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been estimated that approximately 3.2 million deaths each year are attributable to insufficient levels of physical activity. We evaluated the available evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) on the effectiveness of exercise/physical activity for various health outcomes. Methods: Overview and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library was searched [...]

Menée en Pologne par questionnaire auprès de 1 710 étudiants, cette étude évalue leur niveau de connaissance sur le papillomavirus humain et sur le risque de cancer oropharyngé associé à l'infection par HPV

Awareness of Human Papillomavirus and Its Oncogenic Potential in Head and Neck Cancer among Students: Still More Questions than Answers

Jeruzal-Świątecka, Joanna ; Pietruszewska, Wioletta

In the past years, human papilloma virus (HPV) has been proved to be an important risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), especially in the oropharynx (OPCCS). The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge about HPV among students and to raise their awareness on the issue. A 22-question questionnaire was uploaded to an online service. Information about the project was sent out to students from three Universities in Lodz, Poland. All data were collected via [...]

Menée à l'aide de données 2000-2015 de l'Assurance maladie et du registre des cancers taïwannais portant sur 4 710 504 personnes (âge médian : 61 ans ; 52 % d'hommes), cette étude analyse l'association entre une utilisation de faibles doses d'aspirine et le risque de cancer colorectal (79 095 cas)

Association Between Low-Dose Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Taiwan

Lin, Hui-Min Diana ; Vora, Pareen ; Soriano-Gabarró, Montse ; Chan, K. Arnold

Population-based East Asian data have corroborated reports from non-Asian settings on the association between low-dose aspirin and a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).To evaluate the association between duration and recency of low-dose aspirin use and CRC risk.This nested case-control study included individuals who initiated aspirin use and matched individuals who did not use aspirin. Data were collected from Taiwan National Health Insurance and Taiwan Cancer Registry from 2000 through [...]

Mené en Chine sur 144 fumeurs (75% d'hommes ; âge moyen : 48 ans), cet essai randomisé multicentrique évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de l'abstinence autodéclarée pendant 7 jours après 12 mois de suivi, d'une thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement (ACT) comportant une séance en face à face et un soutien psychologique régulier par téléphone pendant 1 an

Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings: a randomized controlled trial

Mak, Yim Wah ; Leung, Doris Y. P. ; Loke, Alice Yuen

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of delivering an individual Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation among a Chinese population. Methods: Participants were recruited from six primary health care centers. A total of 144 were eligible to take part in the study and agreed to be randomized to the intervention (ACT) group (n = 70) and control group (n = 74), respectively. Both groups received self-help materials on smoking cessation. The ACT [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni par enquête auprès de 506 professionnels de santé, cette étude analyse leurs croyances et leurs comportements vis-à-vis de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique comme aide au sevrage tabagique des patients atteints d'un cancer

Electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid for patients with cancer: beliefs and behaviours of clinicians in the UK

Brett, Jo ; Davies, Emma L ; Matley, Fiona ; Aveyard, Paul ; Wells, Mary ; Foxcroft, David ; Nicholson, Brian ; De Silva Minor, Shiroma ; Sinclair, Lesley ; Jakes, Sarah ; Watson, Eila

Objectives: To explore UK clinicians’ beliefs and behaviours around recommending e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid for patients with cancer. Design: Cross-sectional online survey. Setting: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Participants: Clinicians involved in the care of patients with cancer. Primary and secondary outcomes: Behavioural Change Wheel capability, opportunity and motivation to perform a behaviour, knowledge, beliefs, current practice around e-cigarettes and other [...]

Mené au Canada entre 2016 et 2019 sur 376 personnes souhaitant arrêter de fumer (âge moyen : 52 ans ; 47% de femmes), cet essai randomisé évalue l'intérêt, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique vérifiée biochimiquement à 12 semaines, d'ajouter l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique aux conseils pour le sevrage tabagique

Effect of e-Cigarettes Plus Counseling vs Counseling Alone on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Eisenberg, Mark J. ; Hébert-Losier, Andréa ; Windle, Sarah B. ; Greenspoon, Todd ; Brandys, Tim ; Fülöp, Tamàs ; Nguyen, Thang ; Elkouri, Stéphane ; Montigny, Martine ; Wilderman, Igor ; Bertrand, Olivier F. ; Bostwick, Joanna Alexis ; Abrahamson, John ; Lacasse, Yves ; Pakhale, Smita ; Cabaussel, Josselin ; Filion, Kristian B. ; E3 Investigators

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for smoking cessation remain controversial.To evaluate e-cigarettes with individual counseling for smoking cessation.A randomized clinical trial enrolled adults motivated to quit smoking from November 2016 to September 2019 at 17 Canadian sites (801 individuals screened; 274 ineligible and 151 declined). Manufacturing delays resulted in early termination (376/486 participants, 77% of target). Outcomes through 24 weeks (March 2020) are reported.Randomization [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (11 articles), cette étude analyse l'effet, sur la consommation de tabac, d'interventions expérimentales comportant un engagement cognitif et comportemental des participants

Implementation Intentions to Reduce Smoking: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Hagerman, Charlotte J ; Hoffman, Rebecca K ; Vaylay, Sruthi ; Dodge, Tonya

Implementation intentions are a goal-setting technique in which an individual commits to perform a particular behavior when a specific context arises. Recently, researchers have begun studying how implementation intention interventions (II interventions) can facilitate anti-smoking efforts. The current systematic review synthesized results of experimental studies that tested the effect of an II intervention on smoking cognitions and behavior. Out of twenty-nine reviewed articles, eleven studies [...]