A partir d'un modèle de simulation incorporant des données cliniques et épidémiologiques américaines, cette étude estime, sur la période 2010-2070, les effets de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique sur le comportement tabagique de la population adulte (âge : 18 à 85 ans)

Modeling the Effects of E-Cigarettes on Smoking Behavior : Implications for Future Adult Smoking Prevalence

Cherng, Sarah T. ; Tam, Jamie ; Christine, Paul J. ; Meza, Rafael

Background : Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased rapidly in recent years. Given the unknown effects of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking behaviors, e-cigarette regulation has become the subject of considerable controversy. In the absence of longitudinal data documenting the long-term effects of e-cigarette use on smoking behavior and population smoking outcomes, computational models can guide future empirical research and provide insights into the possible effects of [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (26 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de café et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire (3 414 cas) ou de maladie chronique hépatique (1 463 cas)

Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease : a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Bravi, Francesca ; Tavani, Alessandra ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Boffetta, Paolo ; La Vecchia, Carlo

An inverse association has been reported between coffee drinking and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD), but its magnitude is still unclear. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of HCC or CLD. We separately estimated the relative risk (RR) of the two conditions, for regular, low, and high consumption compared with no or occasional [...]

Cet article analyse les raisons expliquant l'échec dans la mise au point d'agents pour réduire le risque de cancer de la prostate, puis identifie les étapes nécessaires au développement d'une chimioprévention efficace

Is There a Future for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer ?

Bosland, Maarten C

The outcome of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), demonstrating harm and no preventive activity of selenomethionine and

Menée à partir de données portant sur 22 163 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 86 538 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines, le niveau sérique de cholestérol, l'évolution de sa concentration et le risque de développer la maladie

Disentangling the Association between Statins, Cholesterol, and Colorectal Cancer : A Nested Case-Control Study

Mamtani, Ronac ; Lewis, James D. ; Scott, Frank I. ; Ahmad, Tariq ; Goldberg, David S. ; Datta, Jashodeep ; Yang, Yu-Xiao ; Boursi, Ben

Background : Several prior studies have found an association between statin use and reduced risk of colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that these findings may be due to systematic bias and examined the independent association of colorectal cancer risk with statin use, serum cholesterol, and change in cholesterol concentration. Methods and Findings : 22,163 colorectal cancer cases and 86,538 matched controls between 1995 and 2013 were identified within The Health Improvement Network (THIN) a [...]

Menée au Danemark à partir de données portant sur 3 767 cas et 75 340 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une utilisation de médicaments antidépresseurs tricycliques et le risque de gliome

Use of tricyclic antidepressants and risk of glioma: a nationwide case-control study

Pottegård, Anton ; Garcia Rodriguez, Luis Alberto ; Rasmussen, Lotte ; Damkier, Per ; Friis, Soren ; Gaist, David

Background: A protective effect of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) against gliomas has been suggested by a small number of studies. We investigated this putative association in a nationwide setting. Methods: Using a case–control design, we identified all patients with histologically verified glioma (cases) in Denmark between 2000 and 2012 and matched these 1 : 20 to population controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for glioma associated with [...]

Menée en Ecosse à partir des données d'un programme national de vaccination de rattrapage contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) ciblant les adolescentes âgées de 14 à 18 ans, cette étude évalue, du point de vue des taux d'infection par les HPV 16/18/31/33/45, l'efficacité d'un vaccin bivalent en fonction du nombre de doses administrées

Impact of partial bivalent HPV vaccination on vaccine-type infection : a population-based analysis

Cuschieri, K. ; Kavanagh, K. ; Moore, C. ; Bhatia, R. ; Love, J. ; Pollock, K. G.

Background : Data on the effectiveness of one dose of HPV vaccine are lacking, particularly in population-based settings. Data from a national HPV immunisation catch-up programme of 14–18-year-old girls were used to assess the effectiveness of<3 doses of the bivalent vaccine on vaccine-type and cross-reactive-type HPV infection. Methods : Cervical samples from women attending for their first cervical smear, which had been genotyped for HPV as part of a longitudinal HPV surveillance programme [...]

Mené auprès de 158 fumeurs réguliers (âge moyen : 40,7 ans ; 65 % d'hommes ; nombre moyen de cigarettes consommées par jour : 21), cet essai randomisé américain évalue les effets de l'utilisation de cigarettes à faible teneur en nicotine sur les comportements tabagiques et les biomarqueurs d'exposition au tabac

A randomized controlled trial of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes on smoking behaviors, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective ratings

Mercincavage, Melissa ; Souprountchouk, Valentina ; Tang, Kathy Z ; Dumont, Rachel L ; Wileyto, E. Paul ; Carmella, Steven G. ; Hecht, Stephen S. ; Strasser, Andrew A

Background : The U.S. FDA has the authority to reduce cigarette nicotine content if found to benefit public health. Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarette use does not appear to increase harm exposure, but studies have not rigorously assessed smoking behavior or utilized a comprehensive panel of biomarkers. This study examined the effects of progressively decreasing RNC cigarettes on smoking behaviors, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective ratings. Methods : 158 daily, non-treatment-seeking [...]

Mené auprès de 93 fumeurs "légers" (nombre de cigarettes consommées quotidiennement : 5 à 10), cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique, et la toxicité de la varénicline

Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Light Smokers

Ebbert, Jon O. ; Croghan, Ivana T. ; Hurt, Ryan T. ; Schroeder, Darrell R. ; Hays, J. Taylor

Introduction : As the prevalence of cigarette smoking has declined, the proportion of smokers who smoke less than 10 cigarettes per day (cpd) has increased. Varenicline may provide an effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment option for increasing smoking abstinence rates among light smokers. Methods : We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of varenicline for increasing smoking abstinence rates among light smokers (5-10 cpd). Participants received [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en février 2016 (62 articles), cette étude évalue l'efficacité de la cigarette électronique pour arrêter le tabagisme

Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review

Malas, Muhannad ; van der Tempel, Jan ; Schwartz, Robert ; Minichiello, Alexa ; Lightfoot, Clayton ; Noormohamed, Aliya ; Andrews, Jaklyn ; Zawertailo, Laurie ; Ferrence, Roberta

Background and Aims : Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been steadily increasing in popularity among smokers, most of whom report using them to quit smoking. This study systematically reviews the current literature on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes as cessation aids. Methods : We searched PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, ROVER, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU) library catalogue and various grey literature sources. We [...]