Menée en Australie sur une cohorte de 29 206 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre la concentration sanguine de 25-hydroxyvitamine D, un métabolite de la vitamine D, et la mortalité toutes causes confondues

25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration and all-cause mortality: the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

Heath,Alicia K ; Williamson,Elizabeth J ; Kvaskoff,David ; Hodge,Allison M ; Ebeling,Peter R ; Baglietto,Laura ; Neale,Rachel E ; Giles,Graham G ; Eyles,Darryl W ; English,Dallas R

Objective : To investigate relationships between mortality and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (25(OH)D2). Design : Case–cohort study within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS). We measured 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in archived dried blood spots by LC–MS/MS. Cox regression was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HR), with adjustment for confounders. Setting : General community. Subjects : The MCCS [...]

Menée à partir d'entretiens auprès d'une cohorte de 632 participants âgés de 40 à 70 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 24,2 ans), cette étude met en évidence une association entre des facteurs liés à un mode de vie sain (indice de masse corporelle normal, absence de tabagisme, consommation d'une grande quantité de fibres et de légumes, niveau d'activité physique élevé, ...) et une diminution du risque global de cancers (146 cas)

Healthy Lifestyle Pattern is Protective Against 30-Yr Cancer Incidence in Men and Women: A Cohort Study

Orenstein, Liat ; Chetrit, Angela ; Dankner, Rachel

Objectives : Investigate associations of healthier behaviors with 30-yr cancer incidence. Subjects/Methods : In 1982, 632 healthy men and women (ages 40–70) were interviewed for nutritional habits using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and a 24-h physical activity questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured, and blood was drawn for biochemical profiles. Thirteen and four subjects were excluded due to cancer diagnosis ≤1 yr from recruitment and extreme values of reported total [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur une cohorte de 48 268 femmes âgées de 30 à 49 ans (durée maximale de suivi : 19 ans), cette étude suédoise évalue l'association entre la consommation de phytoestrogènes d'origine alimentaire (lignanes, isoflavonoïdes, coumestrol, ...) et le risque de cancer colorectal

Prospective study of dietary phytoestrogen intake and the risk of colorectal cancer

Hedelin, Maria ; Lof, Marie ; Sandin, Sven ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Weiderpass, Elisabete

Dietary phytoestrogen intake has been inversely associated with the risk of prostate and breast cancer and might also affect the risk of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the associations between dietary lignan intake, dietary isoflavonoid intake, dietary coumestrol intake, and dietary enterolignans and equol intake, and risk of colorectal cancer. Data from the Women's Lifestyle and Health (WLH) Cohort study was used. The WLH study is a prospective population-based cohort study including 48,268 [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle des substances naturelles bioactives dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers du sein ER+

Role of dietary bioactive natural products in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Bak, Min Ji ; Das Gupta, Soumyasri ; Wahler, Joseph ; Suh, Nanjoo

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, including luminal-A and -B, is the most common type of breast cancer. Extended exposure to estrogen is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Both ER-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms have been implicated in estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. The ER-dependent pathway involves cell growth and proliferation triggered by the binding of estrogen to the ER. The ER-independent mechanisms depend on the metabolism of estrogen to generate [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle et les mécanismes moléculaires de différents composés du margousier (Azadirachta indica) dans la chimioprévention et le traitement des cancers

Potential of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) for prevention and treatment of oncologic diseases

Patel, Shradha M. ; Venkata, Kalyan C. Nagulapalli ; Bhattacharyya, Piyali ; Sethi, Gautam ; Bishayee, Anupam

Throughout time, plants have often displayed medicinal properties that have been underscored. We often derive medicines involved in treating cancer from components in plants. Azadirachta indica, commonly known as “neem”, has been used to treat different ailments in many Asian countries. Due to its widespread beneficial uses, A. indica has often been referred to as “the wonder tree” or “nature’s drug store”. Various parts of this plant, including, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2015 (15 articles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre des indicateurs du statut en vitamine D et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage

Markers of vitamin D exposure and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zgaga, Lina ; O' Sullivan, Fiona ; Cantwell, Marie M. ; Murray, Liam J. ; Thota, Prashanthi N ; Coleman, Helen G.

Vitamin D has been associated with reduced risk of many cancers, but evidence for oesophageal cancer is mixed. To clarify the role of Vitamin D, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of Vitamin D exposures and oesophageal neoplasia, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Barrett's oesophagus and squamous dysplasia. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 2015. Fifteen publications in relation to [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "Nurses' Health Study" incluant 90 384 participantes entre 1988 et 2012 et 113 121 participantes entre 1989 et 2011, cette étude évalue l'association entre une utilisation de médicaments antihypertenseurs et le risque de cancer épithélial de l'ovaire

Hypertension, use of antihypertensive medications, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

Huang, Tianyi ; Poole, Elizabeth M. ; Eliassen, A. Heather ; Okereke, Olivia I. ; Kubzansky, Laura D. ; Sood, Anil K. ; Forman, John P. ; Tworoger, Shelley S.

Few studies have examined the associations of hypertension and antihypertensive medications with ovarian cancer. In particular, beta-blockers, one of the most commonly prescribed medications to treat hypertension, may reduce ovarian cancer risk by inhibiting beta-adrenergic signaling. We prospectively followed 90,384 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) between 1988–2012 and 113,121 NHSII participants between 1989–2011. Hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications were self-reported [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 76 733 patients atteints d'un diabète de type 2 (durée moyenne de suivi : 6,4 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction de l'appartenance ethnique des patients, l'association entre l'utilisation de metformine, seule ou en combinaison avec le finastéride ou une statine, et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Metformin for Reducing Racial/Ethnic Difference in Prostate Cancer Incidence for Men with Type 2 Diabetes

Wang, Chen-Pin ; Lehman, Donna M ; Lam, Yui Wing F ; Kuhn, John G ; Mahalingam, Devalingam ; Weitman, Steven ; Carlos, Lorenzo ; Downs, John R ; Stuart, Elizabeth ; Hernandez, Javier ; Thompson, Ian M. ; Ramirez, Amelie

Racial/ethnic disparity in prostate cancer (PCa) is under studied in men with diabetes who are at higher risk for aggressive PCa. This study assessed the race/ethnic disparity in PCa incidence for men with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether the impact of metformin on PCa incidence varied by race/ethnicity. We conducted a retrospective study in 76,733 male veterans with T2D during 2003-2012. Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for covariates and propensity scores of metformin use and [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de tumeur colorectale induite chimiquement, cette étude montre que le paricalcitol, un analogue de synthèse de la vitamine D, augmente l'efficacité chimiopréventive du 5-fluorouracile

Paricalcitol Enhances the Chemopreventive Efficacy of 5-Flurouracil on an Intermediate-term Model of Azoxymethane- Induced Colorectal Tumors in Rats

El-Shemi, Adel Galal ; Refaat, Bassem ; Kensara, Osama Adnan ; Mohamed, Amr Mohamed ; Idris, Shakir ; Ahmad, Jawwad

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with high mortality rate. Despite it is the standard anti-CRC drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exhibits only limited therapeutic benefits. Herein, we investigated would paricalcitol (Pcal), a synthetic vitamin D analog with potential antitumor properties, enhance the chemopreventive efficacy of 5-FU on an intermediate-term (15 weeks) model of colorectal tumors induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. Post-AOM injection, 5-FU was administered during the 9th [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 77 adolescents et jeunes adultes âgés de 13 à 25 ans, cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des systèmes électroniques de distribution de nicotine (chicha électronique, cigarette électronique, ...)

E-cigarettes, hookah pens and vapes: Adolescent and young adult perceptions of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Wagoner, Kimberly G. ; Cornacchione, Jennifer ; Wiseman, Kimberly D. ; Teal, Randall ; Moracco, Kathryn E. ; Sutfin, Erin

Introduction : Most studies have assessed use of “e-cigarettes” or “electronic cigarettes,” potentially excluding new electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-hookahs and vape pens. Little is known about how adolescents and young adults perceive ENDS and if their perceptions vary by sub-type. We explored ENDS perceptions among these populations. Methods : Ten focus groups with 77 adolescents and young adults, ages 13-25, were conducted in spring 2014. Participants were users or [...]