Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès d'une cohorte londonienne incluant 163 participants dont 50 patients atteints d'une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique, 53 fumeurs et 60 non fumeurs (âge : 21 à 80 ans), cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis de 10 avertissements sanitaires graphiques et évalue l'efficacité de ces avertissements sur leur comportement tabagique

A cross-sectional survey investigating the desensitisation of graphic health warning labels and their impact on smokers, non-smokers and patients with COPD in a London cohort

Ratneswaran, Culadeeban ; Chisnall, Ben ; Drakatos, Panagis ; Sivakumar, Sukhanthan ; Sivakumar, Bairavie ; Barrecheguren, Miriam ; Douiri, Abdel ; Steier, Joerg

Objectives : There is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of graphic health warning labels (GHWL) in different individuals, including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Investigating knowledge and attitudes may allow better implementation of future public health policies. We hypothesised that differences in the impact of GHWL exist between non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD, with decreased efficacy in those groups who are longer and more frequently [...]

Menée en Norvège auprès de 4 852 fumeurs ou utilisateurs de snus (tabac humide en poudre), cette étude évalue leurs perceptions vis-à-vis de leur propre comportement tabagique

Contrasting smokers’ and snus users’ perceptions of their personal tobacco behavior in Norway

Lund, Marianne ; Lund, Karl Erik ; Halkjelsvik, Torleif

Introduction: In Norway, snus use and cigarette smoking are at different developmental stages as described by the diffusion of innovation model. Concomitant with declining smoking rates, the use of snus is increasing. In light of these differences in use trends, we assumed that snus users and cigarette smokers would have different perceptions of their personal tobacco use. Methods: A total of 4,852 smokers and snus users were recruited from a large sample of online panellists (n = 62,000) and a [...]

Menée à partir des données de 10 études incluant 5 127 patients atteints d'un cancer de la cavité buccale ou du pharynx et 13 249 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de folates et le risque de développer ces maladies

Folate intake and the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer: A pooled analysis within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium

Galeone, Carlotta ; Edefonti, Valeria ; Parpinel, Maria ; Leoncini, Emanuele ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Talamini, Renato ; Olshan, Andrew F. ; Zevallos, Jose P. ; Winn, Deborah M. ; Jayaprakash, Vijayvel ; Moysich, Kirsten ; Zhang, Zuo-Feng ; Morgenstern, Hal ; Levi, Fabio ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Kelsey, Karl ; McClean, Michael ; Schantz, Stimson ; Yu, Guo-Pei ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy ; Hashibe, Mia ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Boccia, Stefania

There are suggestions of an inverse association between folate intake and serum folate levels and the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), but most studies are limited in sample size, with only few reporting information on the source of dietary folate. Our study aims to investigate the association between folate intake and the risk of OPC within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. We analyzed pooled individual-level data from ten case–control [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que le kaempférol, un flavonol d'origine végétale, supprime la carcinogenèse de la peau induite par les ultraviolets en ciblant les kinases RSK2 et MSK1

Kaempferol targets RSK2 and MSK1 to suppress ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer

Yao, Ke ; Chen, Hanyong ; Liu, Kangdong ; Langfald, Alyssa ; Yang, Ge ; Zhang, Yi ; Yu, Dong Hoon ; Kim, Myoung Ok ; Lee, Mee-Hyun ; Li, Haitao ; Bae, Ki Beom ; Kim, Hong-Gyum ; Ma, Wei-Ya ; Bode, Ann M. ; Dong, Ziming ; Dong, Zigang

Solar ultraviolet (SUV) irradiation is a major factor in skin carcinogenesis, the most common form of cancer in the USA. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are activated by SUV irradiation. The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen and stress activated protein kinase (MSK) proteins constitute a family of protein kinases that mediate signal transduction downstream of the MAP kinase cascades. In this study, phosphorylation of RSK and MSK1 was up-regulated in human squamous [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant les effets chimiopréventifs du sélénium sur le risque de cancer de la prostate

Selenium and Prostate Cancer Prevention: What next - if anything?

Christensen, Merrill

Chemopreventive effects of the essential trace element selenium against prostate cancer have been shown in preclinical models and human observational studies, but results from clinical trials have been disappointing. It appears that there is a threshold Se status below which improvement will decrease prostate cancer risk but above which supplemental Se may be deleterious. Different forms of selenium have different effects, and genetic and other factors modify selenium's chemopreventive [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 5 078 femmes âgées de 25 à 75 ans, cette étude évalue, en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle, l'association entre l'utilisation régulière d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, dont l'aspirine, et le risque de cancer du sein par sous-type tumoral

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reduced breast cancer risk among overweight women

Cui, Yong ; Deming-Halverson, SandraL ; Shrubsole, MarthaJ ; Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia ; Cai, Hui ; Fair, AleciaM ; Shu, Xiao-Ou ; Zheng, Wei

Chronic inflammation is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Adipose tissues produce proinflammatory cytokines, and obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. We evaluated the association of regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk, overall and by body mass index (BMI) and tumor subtypes defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. We [...]

Menée à partir des données de registres danois portant sur 500 345 femmes ayant reçu le vaccin quadrivalent contre le papillomavirus humain entre octobre 2006 et juillet 2013 (âge : de 10 à 44 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre ce vaccin et le risque de thromboembolie veineuse (4 375 cas)

Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of venous thromboembolism

Scheller, N. ; Pasternak, B. ; Svanström, H. ; Hviid, A.

A potential association between quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been reported in 2 postlicensure safety studies.1,2 An analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database found disproportionately high reporting of VTE following vaccination,1 and a study using the Vaccine Safety Datalink reported a doubling of VTE risk.2

Mené en Afrique du Sud auprès de 446 fumeurs en bonne santé, cet essai évalue, du point de vue de la toxicité et des taux d'abstinence tabagique confirmée par la mesure du niveau de monoxyde de carbone dans l'air expiré, l'intérêt d'ajouter à la varénicline un traitement nicotinique substitutif par patch

Efficacy of varenicline combined with nicotine replacement therapy vs varenicline alone for smoking cessation: A randomized clinical trial

Koegelenberg, C. N. ; Noor, F. ; Bateman, E. D. ; et al.,

Importance : Behavioral approaches and pharmacotherapy are of proven benefit in assisting smokers to quit, but it is unclear whether combining nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with varenicline to improve abstinence is effective and safe. Objective : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining varenicline and a nicotine patch vs varenicline alone in smoking cessation. Design, Setting, and Participants : Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a 12-week treatment period [...]

Menée à partir de l'analyse de 1 092 biopsies de tissu colique prélevées sur 546 femmes en bonne santé, cette étude évalue l'effet de l'aspirine, d'un traitement hormonal substitutif et de facteurs associés au risque de cancer colorectal (tabagisme, indice de masse corporelle) sur l'évolution, dépendante de l'âge, du niveau de méthylation du dinucléotide CpG des promoteurs des gènes de la muqueuse colique

Modulation of Age- and Cancer-Associated DNA Methylation Change in the Healthy Colon by Aspirin and Lifestyle

Noreen, Faiza ; Röösli, Martin ; Gaj, Pawel ; Pietrzak, Jakub ; Weis, Stefan ; Urfer, Patric ; Regula, Jaroslaw ; Schär, Primo ; Truninger, Kaspar

Background : Aberrant DNA methylation in gene promoters is associated with aging and cancer, but the circumstances determining methylation change are unknown. We investigated the impact of lifestyle modulators of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk on the stability of gene promoter methylation in the colonic mucosa. Methods : We measured genome-wide promoter CpG methylation in normal colon biopsies (n = 1092) from a female screening cohort, investigated the interaction of lifestyle factors with [...]