Menée en Grèce à partir de questionnaires auprès de 5 379 participantes et à partir de l'analyse d'échantillons cervicaux prélevés sur 5 107 d'entre elles, cette étude prospective transversale évalue la prévalence d'une infection par le papillomavirus humain (HPV), par sous-type histologique, puis évalue l'adhésion des participantes à un programme de dépistage du cancer du col utérin ou à la vaccination contre le HPV

Epidemiology of HPV infection and current status of cervical cancer prevention in Greece: final results of the LYSISTRATA cross-sectional study

Agorastos, Theodoros ; Chatzistamatiou, Kimon ; Zafrakas, Menelaos ; Siamanta, Vagia ; Katsamagkas, Taxiarchis ; Constantinidis, Theodoros C. ; Lampropoulos, Alexandros F. ; the LYSISTRATA study group

The objective of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and distribution of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types in Greece and evaluate the participation of women in primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out between October 2005 and January 2011 in Greece; 5379 women filled out the study questionnaire anonymously. 5107 women underwent cervical HPV-DNA testing, either by Hybrid Capture [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis auprès de 105 hommes afro-américains (âge médian : 48,9 ans), cette étude met en évidence l'absence d'association entre une supplémentation en vitamine D et les niveaux sériques du PSA

Null Association Between Vitamin D and PSA Levels Among Black Men in a Vitamin D Supplementation Trial

Chandler, Paulette D. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Scott, Jamil B. ; Bennett, Gary G. ; Ng, Kimmie ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Hollis, Bruce W. ; Emmons, Karen M. ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Drake, Bettina F.

Background : Black men exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as well as higher incidence of prostate cancer and higher mortality rates from prostate cancer than Whites. There are few data about the effect of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on prostate specific antigen (PSA) in healthy Black men. Methods : During 3 winters from 2007-2010, 105 Black men (median age, 48.9 years) of Boston, MA were randomized into a 4-arm, double-blind trial for 3 months of placebo, 1000, [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de données portant sur une cohorte de 95 820 patients présentant un diabète sucré de type 2 (durée médiane de suivi : 5,1 ans), cette étude montre que l'utilisation de metformine, un antidiabétique oral, n'affecte pas le risque de cancer

Metformin Does Not Affect Cancer Risk : A Cohort Study in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink Analyzed Like an Intention-to-Treat Trial

Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. ; Capothanassi, Despoina ; Allen, Naomi E. ; Rizos, Evangelos C. ; Lopez, David S. ; van Veldhoven, Karin ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; Ashby, Deborah ; Vineis, Paolo ; Tzoulaki, Ioanna ; Ioannidis, John P.A.

OBJECTIVE : Meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies have suggested that metformin may reduce cancer incidence, but randomized controlled trials did not support this hypothesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : A retrospective cohort study, Clinical Practice Research Datalink, was designed to investigate the association between use of metformin compared with other antidiabetes medications and cancer risk by emulating an intention-to-treat analysis as in a trial. A total of 95,820 participants with [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de questionnaires auprès de 350 participants, cette étude identifie les facteurs influençant l'utilisation et le choix d'agents chimiopréventifs chez les populations présentant un risque élevé de cancer

Cancer chemoprevention: factors influencing attitudes towards chemopreventive agents in high-risk populations

Iwuji, Chinenye ; Howells, Lynne ; Thomasset, Sarah ; Brown, Karen ; Steward, William ; Barwell, Julian ; Thomas, Anne

Information comparing attitudes towards taking cancer chemopreventive agents and assessing drug characteristics that would make chemopreventive agents more acceptable to participants is essential for future trial design and to ultimately promote compliance. We therefore undertook a cross-sectional questionnaire study, the aim of which was to assess current attitudes towards chemopreventive agents and to determine which characteristics make chemopreventive agents more acceptable to potential [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1966 et 2013 (47 études, 65 540 patients diabétiques atteints d'un cancer), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de metformine, un antidiabétique oral, et le risque de cancer ou la mortalité spécifique

Metformin and Cancer Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis taking into account Biases and Confounders

Gandini, Sara ; Puntoni, Matteo ; Heckman-Stoddard, Brandy M ; Dunn, Barbara K ; Ford, Leslie ; DeCensi, Andrea ; Szabo, Eva

Previous meta-analyses have shown that the anti-diabetic agent metformin is associated with reduced cancer incidence and mortality. However, this effect has not been consistently demonstrated in animal models and recent epidemiological studies. We performed a meta-analysis with a focus on confounders and biases, including BMI, study type, and time related biases. We identified 71 articles published between January 1, 1966 to May 31, 2013 through Pubmed, ISI Web of Science (Science Citation [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude en population incluant 362 patients atteints d'un cancer du pancréas et 690 témoins, cette étude américaine évalue l'association entre l'utilisation régulière d'aspirine et le risque de développer la maladie

Case–Control Study of Aspirin Use and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer

Streicher, Samantha A. ; Yu, Herbert ; Lu, Lingeng ; Kidd, Mark S. ; Risch, Harvey A.

Background : Pancreas-cancer prognosis is dismal, with 5-year survival less than 5%. Significant relationships between aspirin use and decreased pancreas-cancer incidence and mortality have been shown in four of 13 studies. Methods : To evaluate further a possible association between aspirin use and risk of pancreatic cancer, we used data from a population-based Connecticut study conducted from January 2005 to August 2009, of 362 pancreas-cancer cases frequency matched to 690 randomly sampled [...]

Menée sur des rats exposés à un carcinogène, cette étude analyse les effets de l'acide rosmarinique, un composé phénolique, sur la carcinogenèse du côlon

Chemopreventive effects of rosmarinic acid on rat colon carcinogenesis

Furtado, Ricardo A. ; Oliveira, Barthira R. ; Silva, Luciana R. ; Cleto, Sabrina S. ; Munari, Carla C. ; Cunha, Wilson R. ; Tavares, Denise C.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenolic compound that shows a number of interesting biological activities, such as antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antineurodegenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of RA to prevent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced primary DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Wistar rat colon. The animals were treated by gavage with doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight/day. Next, [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (10 études), cette étude analyse la qualité des études évaluant le rapport coût-efficacité des campagnes médiatiques contre le tabagisme

Economic evaluations of tobacco control mass media campaigns: a systematic review

Atusingwize, Edwinah ; Lewis, Sarah ; Langley, Tessa

Background : International evidence shows that mass media campaigns are effective tobacco control interventions. However, they require substantial investment; a key question is whether their costs are justified by their benefits. The aim of this study was to systematically and comprehensively review economic evaluations of tobacco control mass media campaigns. Methods : An electronic search of databases and grey literature was conducted to identify all published economic evaluations of tobacco [...]