Menée sur une cohorte de 25 563 hommes (durée de suivi : 18 ans), cette étude finlandaise évalue les effets d'une supplémentation en α-tocophérol ou β-carotène sur le risque de cancer et la mortalité par cancer de la prostate

Effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence and mortality : 18-Year postintervention follow-up of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

Virtamo, Jarmo ; Taylor, Phil R. ; Kontto, Jukka ; Mannisto, Satu ; Utriainen, Meri ; Weinstein, Stephanie J. ; Huttunen, Jussi ; Albanes, Demetrius

In the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study among 29,133 Finnish male smokers aged 50–69 years, daily

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir des données d'un registre portant sur 2 197 femmes ménopausées atteintes d'un cancer (du sein, de l'ovaire, de l'utérus, du côlon-rectum ou du poumon) diagnostiqué entre 2002 et 2009 et sur 4 553 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en vitamine D et le risque de développer la maladie

The association of vitamin D supplementation with the risk of cancer in postmenopausal women

Redaniel, MariaTheresa ; Gardner, MichaelP ; Martin, RichardM ; Jeffreys, Mona

Purpose : There is inconclusive evidence on whether vitamin D therapy reduces cancer risk. We investigated the effect of vitamin D (±calcium) supplementation on the risk of breast, ovarian, uterine, colorectal, and lung cancer in women. Methods : We conducted a case–control study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD); cases were women aged ≥55 years with a first diagnosis of either breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, or uterine cancer between 2002 and 2009, with at least 5 [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2013 (2 études cas-témoins, 3 études de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation d'acides gras polyinsaturés oméga-3 et le risque de cancer de la peau (carcinome basocellulaire, carcinome épidermoïde, mélanome)

Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of skin cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Noel, Sophie E. ; Stoneham, Adam C. S. ; Olsen, Catherine M. ; Rhodes, Lesley E. ; Green, Adèle C.

Skin cancers have a higher incidence than all other cancers combined and are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Laboratory data suggest certain dietary constituents, notably omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), could potentially protect against skin malignancy, although no large-scale review has been conducted in humans. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between dietary n-3 PUFAs and skin cancer incidence. It considered all published [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juin 2013 (10 études de cohortes prospectives, 206 096 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de café et le risque de cancer de la prostate (8 973 cas)

Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Cao, Shiyi ; Liu, Ling ; Yin, Xiaoxu ; Wang, Yunxia ; Liu, Junan ; Lu, Zuxun

Observational studies and animal evidence suggest an association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. However, the results are inconsistent. We evaluated the association by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PubMed and Embase were searched through June 2013 to identify studies that met predetermined inclusion criterion. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates. Ten prospective cohort studies involving 8973 patients with [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 961 patients atteints d'un cancer des voies aérodigestives supérieures et de 2 883 témoins, cette étude japonaise met en évidence une association entre la consommation de café ou de thé et le risque de développer la maladie

Coffee and green tea consumption is associated with upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Japan

Oze, Isao ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Kawakita, Daisuke ; Hosono, Satoyo ; Ito, Hidemi ; Watanabe, Miki ; Hatooka, Shunzo ; Hasegawa, Yasuhisa ; Shinoda, Masayuki ; Tajima, Kazuo ; Tanaka, Hideo

The impact of coffee and green tea consumption on upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk has not been established. Evaluation of the possible anticarcinogenic properties of their ingredients is confounded by the potential increase in risk owing to the high temperatures at which these beverages are generally consumed. We conducted a case–control study to evaluate the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of UADT cancer. The study enrolled 961 patients with UADT cancer [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes concernant les effets de l'aspirine sur le risque de cancer, le risque de récidive ou la survie après résection tumorale

Aspirin and colorectal cancer: Back to the Future

Tougeron, David ; Sha, Dan ; Manthravadi, Sashidhar ; Sinicrope, Frank A.

Abundant epidemiological evidence indicates that regular and long term use of aspirin is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The long duration of aspirin needed to prevent CRC is believed to be due to inhibition of precursor lesions known as adenomas, whose recurrence is inhibited by aspirin in randomized trials. Aspirin intake has also been associated with a statistically significant improvement in patient survival after curative resection of [...]

Menée à partir de données de registres néerlandais portant sur 109 276 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation à long terme d'une faible dose quotidienne d'aspirine et le risque de cancer

Incident cancer risk after the start of aspirin use: Results from a Dutch population-based cohort study of low dose aspirin users

Hollestein, Loes M. ; van Herk-Sukel, Myrthe P. P. ; Ruiter, Rikje ; de Vries, Esther ; Mathijssen, Ron H. J. ; Wiemer, Erik A. C. ; Stijnen, Theo ; Coebergh, Jan-Willem W. ; Lemmens, Valery E. P. P. ; Herings, Ron M. C. ; Stricker, Bruno H. C. ; Nijsten, Tamar

Observational and intervention studies suggest that low dose aspirin use may prevent cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of long term low dose aspirin use (≤100 mg daily) on cancer in general and site-specific cancer among low dose aspirin users in the Dutch general population. We conducted a population-based cohort study with detailed information on aspirin exposure and cancer incidence. Only incident (new) low dose aspirin users, who were included in [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de cancer de la vessie et des voies urinaires, cette étude évalue, en fonction de la dose administrée, l'effet d'anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens ou d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (naproxène, sulindac) combinés ou non à la difluorométhylornithine sur le risque de développer la maladie

Preventive effects of NSAIDs, NO-NSAIDs, and NSAIDs plus difluoromethylornithine in a chemically induced urinary bladder cancer model

Nicastro, Holly L ; Grubbs, Clinton J. ; Juliana, M. Margaret ; Bode, Ann M. ; Kim, Mi-Sung ; Lu, Yan ; You, Ming ; Milne, Ginger ; Boring, Daniel ; Steele, Vernon E. ; Lubet, Ronald A.

Urinary bladder cancer prevention studies were performed with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) naproxen (standard NSAID with a good cardiovascular profile), sulindac, and their nitric oxide (NO) derivatives. Additionally, the effects of the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), alone or combined with a suboptimal dose of naproxen or sulindac was examined. Agents were evaluated at their human equivalent doses (HEDs), as well as at lower doses. In the [...]

Mené auprès de 1 398 enfants âgés de 9 à 11 ans, cet essai randomisé néerlandais évalue l'efficacité à long terme d'un programme à domicile basé sur l'information et l'implication pédagogique des mères pour réduire l'initation tabagique chez les adolescents

Long-Term Effects of a Home-based Smoking Prevention Program on Smoking Initiation: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Hiemstra, Marieke ; Ringlever, Linda ; Otten, Roy ; van Schayck, Onno C. P. ; Jackson, Christine ; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

Objective : To evaluate the long-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program ‘Smoke-free Kids’ during preadolescence on smoking initiation during adolescence and test the potential moderating role of parental smoking, socioeconomic status, and asthma. Method : In 2008, 1,478 9–11 years old children and their mothers were recruited from 418 elementary schools in the Netherlands. An independent statistician randomly allocated schools to one of the two conditions using a 1:1 ratio [...]

Menées respectivement en Ecosse et en Grèce auprès de 88 adultes âgés de 18 ans ou plus et de 120 adultes âgés de 16 ans ou plus, ces deux études évaluent l'efficacité des avertissements sanitaires imprimés sur les cigarettes pour inciter à l'arrêt du tabagisme

No place to hide: two pilot studies assessing the effectiveness of adding a health warning to the cigarette stick

Hassan, Louise M ; Shiu, Edward

Objective : To examine whether health warnings printed onto the cigarette stick would increase intentions to quit. Methods : Two experiments with smokers were conducted. The first study was conducted in Scotland on 88 adult (aged 18 or over) smokers recruited around two university campuses. The second study was conducted on 120 adult (aged 16 or over) smokers recruited around inner city cafes in Greece. Study 1 tested smokers’ ratings of the attractiveness of cigarettes printed with either [...]

Menée entre 2006 et 2011 auprès de 844 fumeurs atteints de maladie psychiatrique, cette étude australienne évalue, du point de vue du taux de sevrage tabagique, l'efficacité d'un programme d'interventions basé sur l'entraide et des activités de groupe

Evaluation of a community-based smoking cessation programme for people with severe mental illness

Ashton, Maxie ; Rigby, Ashlee ; Galletly, Cherrie

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation programme for smokers living with mental illness, provided within community mental health services, and determine factors which impact on the rates of cessation. Methods : One hundred and twenty-nine smoking cessation group programmes were provided within community mental health services in South Australia between 2006 and 2011. Participants’ smoking cessation rates were analysed in terms of demographic factors, smoking history, [...]