Menée en 2011 à partir d'une enquête auprès de 15 425 lycéens, cette étude américaine analyse, en fonction du sexe et de l'appartenance ethnique, la relation entre l'initiation tabagique, l'âge de la première cigarette et le risque de tabagisme régulier

Does one cigarette make an adolescent smoker, and is it influenced by age and age of smoking initiation? Evidence of association from the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2011)

Reidpath, Daniel D. ; Davey, Tamzyn M. ; Kadirvelu, Amudha ; Soyiri, Ireneous N. ; Allotey, Pascale

Objectives : Evidence that age of smoking initiation represents a risk factor for regular smoking in adolescence is complicated by inconsistencies in the operational definition of smoking initiation and simultaneous inclusion of age as an explanatory variable. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age, age of smoking initiation and subsequent regular smoking. Methods : A secondary analysis was conducted by the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2011. A sex stratified [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2006 et 2013 (49 études), cette étude analyse le taux de sensibilisation de la population aux cigarettes électroniques, le profil des utilisateurs et les perceptions vis-à-vis de ce produit

Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review

Pepper, Jessica K ; Brewer, Noel T

Objective : We sought to systematically review the literature on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, also called electronic cigarettes) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs. Data sources : We searched five databases for articles published between 2006 and 1 July 2013 that contained variations of the phrases ‘electronic cigarette’, ‘e-cigarette’ and ‘electronic nicotine delivery’. Study selection : Of the 244 abstracts identified, we excluded articles not published in English, articles [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur deux cohortes indépendantes incluant respectivement 76 464 femmes et 42 498 hommes (durée de suivi : 3 038 853 personnes-années), cette étude analyse l'association entre la consommation de fruits à coque et la mortalité totale ou la mortalité spécifique, notamment par cancer

Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality

Bao, Ying ; Han, Jiali ; Hu, Frank B. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Willett, Walter C. ; Fuchs, Charles S.

Background : Increased nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the association between nut consumption and mortality remains unclear. Methods : We examined the association between nut consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 76,464 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980–2010) and 42,498 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2010). [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2013 (3 études cas-témoins et 5 études de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de café consommée quotidiennement et le risque de cancer non agressif (localisé ou de faible grade), agressif (avancé ou de haut grade) ou fatal de la prostate

Coffee consumption and risk of nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal prostate cancer—a dose–response meta-analysis

Discacciati, A. ; Orsini, N. ; Wolk, A.

Background : Existing epidemiological evidence is controversial regarding the possible associations between coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by aggressiveness of the disease. Materials and methods : We conducted a random-effects dose–response meta-analysis to assess the relationships between coffee consumption and nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal PCa risk. Studies were identified by a search of Medline and Embase databases to 15 July 2013. We carried out separate analyses [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires cancéreuses et à l'aide de xénogreffes, cette étude met en évidence un effet inhibiteur de la licochalcone A (une substance phénolique présente dans la racine de la réglisse) sur l'expression de JNK1, une kinase impliquée dans la carcinogenèse du côlon et du pancréas

Licochalcone A, a natural inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1

Yao, Ke ; Chen, Hanyong ; Lee, Mee-Hyun ; Li, Haitao ; Ma, WeiYa ; Peng, Cong ; Song, Nu Ry ; Lee, Ki Won ; Bode, Ann M. ; Dong, Ziming ; Dong, Zigang

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play an important role in many physiological processes induced by numerous stress signals. Each JNK protein appears to have a distinct function in cancer, diabetes, or Parkinson's disease. Herein, we found that licochalcone A, a major phenolic constituent isolated from licorice root, suppressed JNK1 activity, but had little effect on JNK2 in vitro activity. Although licochalcone A binds with JIP1 competitively with either JNK1 or JNK2, a computer simulation [...]

Menée à partir de données provenant de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, cette étude estime l'incidence en 2015 de l'adénocarcinome du col de l'utérus associé à divers types de papillomavirus humain ainsi que l'impact d'une vaccination prophylactique sur le risque de développer la maladie

Estimate of the global burden of cervical adenocarcinoma and potential impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination

Pimenta, Jeanne ; Galindo, Claudia ; Jenkins, David ; Taylor, Sylvia

Background : Data on the current burden of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and histology-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution are relevant to predict the future impact of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Methods : We estimate the proportion of ADC in invasive cervical cancer, the global number of cases of cervical ADC in 2015, the effect of cervical screening on ADC, the number of ADC cases attributable to high-risk HPV types -16, -18, -45, -31 and -33, and the potential impact of HPV [...]

Menée en Nouvelle-Zélande à partir de données économiques trimestrielles sur la période 1991-2011, cette étude estime l'impact des variations du prix du paquet de cigarettes et du tabac à rouler sur leur consommation

Do consumers of manufactured cigarettes respond differently to price changes compared with their Roll-Your-Own counterparts? Evidence from New Zealand

Tait, Peter ; Rutherford, Paul ; Saunders, Caroline

Background : Price-based mechanisms are an important tobacco cessation policy tool in New Zealand (NZ) and so measurement of smokers’ reaction to price changes is crucial in determining efficacy of this approach. Although approximately two-thirds of NZ tobacco demand is for manufactured cigarettes (MC) and one-third is for Roll-Your-Own (RYO) tobacco, previous price elasticity estimates have ignored differences between RYO tobacco and MC consumers. Methods : We employ a seemingly unrelated [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une enquête nationale auprès de fumeurs sur la période 2009-2010, cette étude américaine analyse, en fonction du statut tabagique et des caractéristiques socio-démographiques des participants, la relation entre le degré de sensibilisation aux programmes de sevrage tabagique en ligne et l'utilisation de ces programmes

Prevalence and Correlates of Quitline Awareness and Utilization in the United States: An Update From the 2009–2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey

Schauer, Gillian L. ; Malarcher, Ann M. ; Zhang, Lei ; Engstrom, Martha C. ; Zhu, Shu-Hong

Introduction : Tobacco quitlines are evidence-based cessation resources but have been underutilized. The purpose of this study is to provide population-level data about quitline awareness and utilization in the United States and to assess correlates of awareness and utilization. Methods : Data were from the 2009–2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Descriptive statistics were produced for national- and state-level quitline awareness and for national quitline utilization. Bivariate and [...]

Cet article fait le point sur l'efficacité des stratégies actuelles de prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus, parmi lesquelles le dépistage et la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

Current cervical cancer prevention strategies including cervical screening and prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination: a review

Elfström, Klara Miriam ; Herweijer, Eva ; Sundström, Karin ; Arnheim-Dahlström, Lisen

Purpose of review : As screening methods evolve and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination efforts gain traction, knowledge of the current evidence on effectiveness of prevention methods is critical to support further development of programs. Recent findings : Screening has dramatically reduced cervical cancer incidence and mortality; however, further progress could be made with implementing new screening techniques, such as HPV DNA testing. Continued focus has been given to methods such as [...]