Menée dans la région du Midwest des Etats-Unis auprès de 423 participants ayant une pratique tabagique quotidienne, cette étude évalue, en fonction de facteurs démographiques, l'association entre l'existence d'un stress d'origine familiale et/ou professionnelle et la consommation de tabac

The Association Between Work–Family Conflict and Smoking Quantity Among Daily Smokers

Macy, Jonathan T. ; Chassin, Laurie ; Presson, Clark C.

Introduction : Recent work demonstrated a direct relation between work–family conflict and likelihood of smoking. This study furthered this area of research by (a) testing the association between work–family conflict and smoking quantity and (b) testing demographic, workplace, and home factors as moderators of this relation. Methods : Participants (N = 423) were daily smokers from a Midwestern community-based sample. Ordinal regression analysis tested work-to-home and home-to-work conflict as [...]

Menée en Grande Bretagne à partir des données de trois enquêtes incluant au total 30 799 adultes dont 5 770 fumeurs, cette étude analyse l'évolution de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique entre 2010 et 2012 ainsi que l'attitude des fumeurs vis-à-vis de ce produit

E-Cigarettes: Prevalence and Attitudes in Great Britain

Dockrell, Martin ; Morison, Rory ; Bauld, Linda ; McNeill, Ann

Introduction : Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a means of recreational nicotine use that can potentially eliminate the need to smoke tobacco. Little is known about the prevalence of use or smokers’ attitudes toward e-cigarettes. This study describes use of and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in Britain. Methods : Respondents from three surveys were recruited from a panel of adults in Britain. Preliminary online and face-to-face qualitative research informed the development of a smokers’ [...]

Mené auprès de 48 835 femmes ménopausées âgées de 50 à 79 ans (durée de suivi : 8 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet d'un régime alimentaire pauvre en graisses sur le risque de cancer de la peau hors mélanome

Low fat diet and skin cancer risk: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

Gamba, Christina S. ; Stefanick, Marcia ; Shikany, James ; Larson, Joseph ; Linos, Eleni ; Sims, Stacy T. ; Marshall, James R. ; Van Horn, Linda ; Zeitouni, Nathalie ; Tang, Jean Y.

Background : Large cohort studies have reported no relationship between dietary fat and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), although a low-fat diet intervention reduced NMSC risk in a small clinical trial. In animal studies, skin tumor development has been reduced by low-fat diet. We evaluated the effect of a low-fat dietary pattern on NMSC and melanoma in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial. Methods: Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years (N=48,835) were randomly assigned to [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que le sulindac, un anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien, inhibe la carcinogenèse du pancréas en supprimant l'activité de l'aldo-céto-réductase AKR1B10

Sulindac inhibits pancreatic carcinogenesis in LSL-KrasG12D-LSL-Trp53R172H-Pdx-1-Cre mice via suppressing aldo-keto reductase family 1B10 (AKR1B10)

Li, Haonan ; Yang, Allison L. ; Chung, Yeon Tae ; Zhang, Wanying ; Liao, Jie ; Yang, Guang-Yu

Sulindac has been identified as a competitive inhibitor of aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10), an enzyme that plays a key role in carcinogenesis. AKR1B10 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and exhibits lipid substrate specificity, especially for farnesyl and geranylgeranyl. There have been no studies though showing that the inhibition of PDAC by sulindac is via inhibition of AKR1B10, particularly the metabolism of farnesyl/geranylgeranyl and Kras protein prenylation. To [...]

A partir des données d'un registre de l'Etat du Connectitut portant sur la période 2008-2011, cette étude évalue, en fonction de deux catégories d'âge (21-24 ans et 25-39 ans), l'évolution du taux de lésions cervicales de haut grade après l'introduction aux Etats-Unis en 2006 de la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain de type 16 ou 18

Declining rates of high-grade cervical lesions in young women in Connecticut, 2008-2011

Niccolai, Linda M. ; Julian, Pamela ; Meek, James ; McBride, Vanessa ; Hadler, James ; Sosa, Lynn

Vaccines that prevent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 that are known to cause cervical cancer have been available in the United States (US) since 2006. High-grade cervical lesions are important for monitoring early vaccine impact because they are strong surrogates for cancer yet can develop within years after infection as opposed to decades. Trends in high-grade cervical lesions including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2, 2/3, and 3 and adenocarcinoma in [...]

Menée dans 38 pays, cette enquête internationale évalue l'impact du prix du tabac sur la prévalence et les comportements tabagiques des jeunes, particulièrement dans les pays à faible et moyen revenus

The Effect of Prices on Cigarette Use Among Youths in the Global Youth Tobacco Survey

Nikaj, Silda ; Chaloupka, Frank J.

Introduction: We estimate the impact of cigarette prices on youth smoking in 38 countries of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Methods: We use a 2-part model of cigarette demand. In the first part, we estimate the impact of prices on the decision to smoke. Conditional on smoking, we then estimate the effect of price on the number of cigarettes smoked. We employ 2-way fixed effects to address country-level time-invariant heterogeneity and control for an array of local-level variables to address [...]

Cette étude présente les résultats de l'évaluation d'une politique de lutte contre le tabagisme mise en œuvre à l'occasion de l'Exposition internationale de Shanghai en 2010

Results from an evaluation of tobacco control policies at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo

Li, Xiang ; Zheng, PinPin ; Fu, Hua ; Berg, Carla ; Kegler, Michelle

Background : Large-scale international events such as World Expos and Olympic Games have the potential to strengthen smoke-free norms globally. The Shanghai 2010 World Expo was one of the first large-scale events to implement and evaluate the adoption of strict tobacco control policies. Objective To evaluate implementation of tobacco control policies at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China.Methods This mixed methods evaluation was conducted from July to October 2010. Observations were [...]

Mené auprès de 222 participants, cet essai randomisé compare l'efficacité de deux programmes d'interventions en ligne pour arrêter le tabagisme : celui du site Smokefree.gov du "National Cancer institute" et celui du site WebQuit.org, basé sur la thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation

Bricker, Jonathan ; Wyszynski, Christopher ; Comstock, Bryan ; Heffner, Jaimee L.

Objective : Web-based smoking cessation interventions have high reach, but low effectiveness. To address this problem, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of the first web-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention for smoking cessation. The aims were to determine design feasibility, user receptivity, effect on 30-day point prevalence quit rate at 3 months post-randomization, and mediation by ACT theory-based processes of acceptance. Methods : Adult participants [...]