Menée en population taïwanaise auprès de 1 888 hommes et 2 233 femmes (âge moyen : 49,2 ans), cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un programme de chimioprévention contre une infection par Helicobacter pylori pour réduire l'incidence du cancer gastrique

The benefit of mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: a community-based study of gastric cancer prevention

Lee, Yi-Chia ; Chen, Tony Hsiu-Hsi ; Chiu, Han-Mo ; Shun, Chia-Tung ; Chiang, Hung ; Liu, Tzeng-Ying ; Wu, Ming-Shiang ; Lin, Jaw-Town

Objective To evaluate the benefit of mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in reducing premalignant gastric lesions. Design Mass eradication of H pylori infection was started from 2004 for a Taiwanese population with prevalent H pylori infection, who were >30 years of age. Participants positive for the 13C-urea breath test underwent endoscopic screening and 1-week clarithromycin-based triple therapy. For subjects whose initial treatment failed, 10-day levofloxacin-based triple [...]

Menée in vitro puis sur des rats exposés au benzopyrène et à l'aide de xénogreffes de cancer du poumon, cette étude évalue l'intérêt d'un système d'implant polymère à libération prolongée d'une substance active dans le traitement et la chimioprévention des cancers

Controlled-release systemic delivery – a new concept in cancer chemoprevention

Gupta, Ramesh C ; Bansal, Shyam ; Aqil, Farrukh ; Jeyabalan, Jeyaprakash ; Cao, Pengxiao ; Kausar, Hina ; Russell, Gilandra ; Munagala, Radha ; Ravoori, Srivani ; Vadhanam, Manicka V

Many chemopreventive agents have encountered bioavailability issues in pre-clinical/clinical studies despite high oral doses. We report here a new concept utilizing polycaprolactone implants embedded with test compounds to obtain controlled systemic delivery, circumventing oral bioavailability issues and reducing the total administered dose. Compounds were released from the implants in vitro dose dependently and for long durations (months) which correlated with in vivo release. Polymeric [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant l'efficacité du thé vert dans la prévention primaire et tertiaire des cancers

Challenging the effectiveness of green tea in primary and tertiary cancer prevention

Fujiki, Hirota ; Imai, Kazue ; Nakachi, Kei ; Shimizu, Masahito ; Moriwaki, Hisataka ; Suganuma, Masami

Purpose Drinking green tea daily is part of Japanese culture, and various studies have revealed that green tea is a cancer preventive. We here review our progress in cancer prevention with green tea on 12 main topics, from basic to clinical level. Topics and methods Biochemical and biological studies of green tea catechins, a prospective cohort study, preclinical safety trials with tablets of green tea extract, double-blind randomized clinical phase II prevention trial for recurrence of [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre qu'un traitement oral à base de Lactobacillus acidophilus, dont la biosynthèse de l'acide lipotéchoïque est rendue déficiente par la délétion du gène codant pour la phosphoglycérol transférase, peut réduire le risque de polypose colique

Abating colon cancer polyposis by Lactobacillus acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid

Khazaie, Khashayarsha ; Zadeh, Mojgan ; Khan, Mohammad W. ; Bere, Praveen ; Gounari, Fotini ; Dennis, Kirsten ; Blatner, Nichole R. ; Owen, Jennifer L. ; Klaenhammer, Todd R. ; Mohamadzadeh, Mansour

An imbalance of commensal bacteria and their gene products underlies mucosal and, in particular, gastrointestinal inflammation and a predisposition to cancer. Lactobacillus species have received considerable attention as examples of beneficial microbiota. We have reported previously that deletion of the phosphoglycerol transferase gene that is responsible for lipoteichoic acid (LTA) biosynthesis in Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCK2025) rendered this bacterium able to significantly protect mice [...]

Menée sur des rats exposés au diméthylhydrazine, cette étude évalue l'effet de la consommation de kava ou d'extraits de Kava, une plante originaire du Pacifique occidental, sur la carcinogenèse du côlon

Reduction in Colon Cancer Risk by Consumption of Kava or Kava Fractions in Carcinogen-Treated Rats

Triolet, Julie ; Shaik, Ahmad Ali ; Gallaher, Daniel D. ; O’Sullivan, Michael G. ; Xing, Chengguo

Epidemiological studies suggest that kava reduces colon cancer risk. However, no experimental studies of the chemopreventive properties of kava toward colon cancer have been reported. Further, there are concerns regarding hepatotoxicity of kava. The goal of this study was to determine whether kava consumption reduces markers of colon cancer in an animal model and to study the safety of kava. An ethanolic extract and polar and nonpolar fractions of the kava extract were fed to rats for 12 days [...]

Cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un programme danois de sevrage tabagique chez les fumeurs appartenant à un milieu socio-culturel défavorisé (20 588 participants)

The Gold Standard Programme: smoking cessation interventions for disadvantaged smokers are effective in a real-life setting

Neumann, Tim ; Rasmussen, Mette ; Ghith, Nermin ; Heitmann, Berit L ; Tønnesen, Hanne

Objectives To evaluate the real-life effect of an evidence-based Gold Standard Programme (GSP) for smoking cessation interventions in disadvantaged patients and to identify modifiable factors that consistently produce the highest abstinence rates.Design Observational prospective cohort study.Setting GSPs in pharmacies, hospitals and communities in Denmark, reporting to the national Smoking Cessation Database.Participants Disadvantaged patients, defined as patients with a lower level of [...]