Menée en Angleterre à partir des données d'un essai randomisé portant sur 3 994 adolescents âgés de 13 à 14 ans et n'ayant jamais fumé (durée de suivi : 24 mois), cette étude analyse l'effet d'une intervention, comportant notamment la lecture de messages antitabac, sur l'association entre l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique et le tabagisme

Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study

Conner, Mark ; Grogan, Sarah ; Simms-Ellis, Ruth ; Flett, Keira ; Sykes-Muskett, Bianca ; Cowap, Lisa ; Lawton, Rebecca ; Armitage, Christopher ; Meads, David ; Schmitt, Laetitia ; Torgerson, Carole ; West, Robert ; Siddiqi, Kamran

Background : The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use to subsequent smoking relationship in adolescents has received much attention. Whether an intervention to reduce smoking initiation attenuated this relationship was assessed. Method : Data were from 3994 adolescent never smokers (aged 13–14 years at baseline) as part of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Self-report measures of smoking, e-cigarette use and covariates were assessed and used to predict ever smoked cigarettes, any recent [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de deux vagues d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2013 et 2015 auprès d'adultes fumeurs de cigares, cette étude analyse l'association entre la quantité de cigares par paquet et l'évolution du comportement tabagique

Cigar package quantity and smoking behavior

Persoskie, Alexander ; O’Brien, Erin Keely ; Donaldson, Elisabeth A. ; Pearson, Jennifer ; Choi, Kelvin ; Kaufman, Annette ; Stanton, Cassandra A. ; Delnevo, Cristine D.

Background : Several jurisdictions in the US and abroad limit the minimum number of cigars that can be sold per package. Research has not evaluated whether small packages might result in cigar use initiation, or whether adding cigars to packages might result in purchasers smoking more cigars. Methods : Using nationally representative US adult data from Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we assessed links between cigar package quantity (number of [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juin 2017 (20 études ; 6 103 cas), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une consommation de thé vert et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage

Green Tea Consumption and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis

Yi, Yu ; Liang, Hailong ; Jing, Huang ; Jian, Zhang ; Guang, Yang ; Jun, Zhang ; Zhu, Hongfa ; Jian, Li

Background : The protective role of green tea against cancer is still unknown. Objectives : To investigate the association between green tea consumption and esophageal cancer risk through meta-analysis. Methods : We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies on the relationship between green tea and esophageal cancer risk. We assessed heterogeneity (I2) and publication bias (Begg’s and Egger’s tests). Pooled relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% [...]

Menée sur la période 1999-2013 par questionnaire auprès de 50 118 hommes et 62 031 femmes, cette étude analyse, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre une consommation de céréales complètes ou de gluten et le rique de cancer colorectal

Association between grains, gluten and the risk of colorectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort

Um, Caroline Y. ; Campbell, Peter T. ; Carter, Brian ; Wang, Ying ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; McCullough, Marjorie L.

Purpose : Evidence supports a role of whole grains in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, but the association between gluten intake and CRC risk in healthy populations is unclear. We examined the association of grain and gluten intake with risk of CRC overall and by subsite among Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort participants. Methods : In 1999, 50,118 men and 62,031 women completed food frequency questionnaires assessing grain intake. Gluten intake was estimated using the protein [...]

Cette étude présente les données récentes sur l'association entre le statut en vitamine D et le risque de cancer gastrique

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gastric Cancer

Parizadeh, Seyed Mostafa ; Ghandehari, Maryam ; Jafarzadeh-Esfehani, Reza ; Parizadeh, Seyed Mohammadreza ; Hassanian, Seyed Mahdi ; Ghayour-Mobarhan, Majid ; Ferns, Gordon A. ; Avan, Amir

Vitamin D plays an important role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and bone health, but is also involved in several other important biological processes. Epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high globally. Recent studies have shown an association between vitamin D status with the prevalence and outcomes of several cancers that includes gastric cancer, which is a common cancer with a poor prognosis. The early diagnosis and treatment of [...]

Menée à partir d'isolats de 60 bactéries lactiques, cette étude analyse le potentiel antigénotoxique et cytotoxique de leurs métabolites contre le cancer du côlon

Antigenotoxicity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Metabiotics Extracted from Isolated Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus MD 14 on Caco-2 and HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

Sharma, Mridul ; Chandel, Deepika ; Shukla, Geeta

Probiotics, the beneficial bacteria produce active metabolites which could probably mimic their anticancer effect and prevent the risk associated with live bacteria. Thus, the study was designed to isolate effective lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and monitor anticancerous potential of their metabiotic extracts. Probiotics were isolated from different sources and their cell free supernatants (CFS) were screened for antigenotoxic and cytotoxic potentials using SOS Chromo Test and MTT assay on Caco-2 [...]

Menée entre 2002 et 2014 au Canada par enquête auprès de 5 863 adultes fumeurs, cette étude analyse l’impact de l’ajout et de la suppression des avertissements sanitaires graphiques des paquets de cigarettes sur leur sensibilisation aux dangers du tabac

Impact of adding and removing warning label messages from cigarette packages on adult smokers’ awareness about the health harms of smoking: findings from the ITC Canada Survey

Green, Annika C ; Driezen, Pete ; Noar, Seth M ; Hammond, David ; Fong, Geoffrey T

Introduction : Adding messages to cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) about the harms of smoking increases awareness of these health facts, but little is known about the impact of removing messages. This is the first study to directly investigate the impact of adding and removing messages from cigarette HWLs on smokers’ awareness of harms. Methods : Data were drawn from nine waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Canada Survey, a national representative cohort of adult smokers [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2016 (200 articles), cette étude analyse les processus influençant la mise en place de politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme chez les jeunes

Policies that limit youth access and exposure to tobacco: a scientific neglect of the first stages of the policy process

Kuijpers, Thomas G. ; Kunst, Anton E. ; Willemsen, Marc C.

Background : Policymakers can adopt and implement various supply-side policies to limit youth access and exposure to tobacco, such as increasing the minimum age of sale, limiting the number or type of tobacco outlets, or banning the display of tobacco products. Many studies have assessed the impact of these policies, while less is known about the preceding policy process. The aim of our review was to assess the available evidence on the preceding process of agenda setting, policy formulation, [...]

Menée sur la période 2007-2017 en Angleterre à l'aide d'enquêtes auprès de 51 399 adultes fumeurs ou anciens fumeurs, cette étude estime l’impact global de la campagne du mois sans tabac "Stoptober", mis en place en 2012, sur les tentatives d’arrêt du tabagisme

Impact of the ‘Stoptober’ smoking cessation campaign in England from 2012 to 2017: A quasi-experimental repeat cross-sectional study

Kuipers, Mirte A G ; West, Robert ; Beard, Emma ; Brown, Jamie

Since 2012, England has an annual ‘Stoptober’ campaign for collective smoking cessation. Our aim was to assess 1) overall impact of the Stoptober campaign on quit attempts over its first 6 years, 2) consistency of impact over the campaign years, and 3) the role of the campaign budget.We used data of 51,399 adult smokers and ex-smokers in 132 repeat cross-sectional monthly surveys in England, 2007-2017. In a quasi-experimental design, adjusted logistic regression analyses compared past-month [...]

Menée à partir de données provenant de l'Australie, du Canada, de l'Irlande, de la Nouvelle-Zélande, du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis publiées entre 1990 et 2017 (268 articles), cette étude analyse la prise en compte des caractéristiques de l’environnement bâti dans les politiques de prévention des cancers

Is cancer prevention influenced by the built environment? A multidisciplinary scoping review

Wray, Alexander James David ; Minaker, Leia Michelle

The built environment is a significant determinant of human health. Globally, the growing prevalence of preventable cancers suggests a need to understand how features of the built environment shape exposure to cancer development and distribution within a population. This scoping review examines how researchers across disparate fields understand and discuss the built environment in primary and secondary cancer prevention. It is focused exclusively on peer-reviewed sources published from research [...]