A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (11 études, 6 469 adolescents issus de 5 pays), cette méta-analyse évalue les caractéristiques associées à plusieurs attitudes vis-à-vis de l'arrêt du tabagisme

Prevalences of Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rios, Leonardo Essado ; Herval, Álex Moreira ; Ferreira, Raquel Conceição ; Freire, Maria do Carmo Matias

Purpose : To synthesize evidence on the prevalences of stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) for smoking cessation in adolescents and associated factors. Methods : A systematic search of Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (APA) was conducted to identify eligible studies. Two calibrated reviewers selected studies independently, extracted data, and appraised studies. A qualitative synthesis of the findings and meta-analysis of the [...]

A partir des données de 3 enquêtes britanniques menées entre 1983 et 2012 auprès d'un total de 5 333 participants, cette étude analyse l'évolution de l'adhésion aux recommandations nutritionnelles en fonction des caractéristiques ethniques et sociodémographiques des individus

Time trends in adherence to UK dietary recommendations and associated sociodemographic inequalities, 1986-2012: a repeated cross-sectional analysis

Yau, Amy ; Adams, Jean ; Monsivais, Pablo

Background/objectives : Little is known about time trends in diet quality and associated inequalities in the UK. This study aimed to examine trends in adherence to four UK dietary recommendations, overall and among sociodemographic subgroups, from 1986 to 2012. Subjects/methods : We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using data from three UK diet surveys: Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults 1986–87 (n = 2018), National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2000–01 (n = 1683) [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni auprès de 136 femmes recevant du tamoxifène pour prévenir l'apparition d'un cancer du sein, cette étude analyse leurs comportements de santé et leur adhésion aux recommandations relatives à l'activité physique, à la consommation d'alcool et à la nutrition

Lifestyle behaviours and health measures of women at increased risk of breast cancer taking chemoprevention

Pegington, Mary ; Evans, D. Gareth ; Howell, Anthony ; Donnelly, Louise S. ; Wiseman, Julia ; Cuzick, Jack M. ; Harvie, Michelle N.

Women at increased breast cancer (BC) risk are eligible for chemoprevention. Healthy lifestyles are potentially important for these women to improve efficacy and minimise side effects of chemoprevention and reduce the risk of BC and other lifestyle-related conditions. We investigated whether women taking chemoprevention adhere to healthy lifestyle recommendations, how their lifestyle risk factors and health measures compare to women in the general population, and whether these change whilst [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue le rôle d'une consommation importante de tomates sous forme de poudre et d'aliments riches en lycopène pour prévenir le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire induit par une alimentation riche en graisses

Dietary Tomato Powder Inhibits High-Fat Diet–Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes

Xia, Hui ; Liu, Chun ; Li, Cheng-Chung ; Fu, Maobin ; Takahashi, Shingo ; Hu, Kang-Quan ; Aizawa, Koichi ; Hiroyuki, Suganuma ; Wu, Guojun ; Zhao, Liping ; Wang, Xiang-Dong

Both incidence and death rate due to liver cancer have increased in the United States. Higher consumption of lycopene-rich tomato and tomato products is associated with a decreased risk of cancers. β-Carotene-15, 15′-oxygenase (BCO1), and β-carotene-9′, 10′-oxygenase (BCO2) cleave lycopene to produce bioactive apo-lycopenoids. Although BCO1/BCO2 polymorphisms affect human and animal lycopene levels, whether dietary tomato consumption can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)–promoted hepatocellular [...]

Menée dans 7 pays (Mexique, Etats-Unis, Chine, Allemagne, Inde, Bangladesh, Corée) par enquête auprès de 8 182 participants, fumeurs et non-fumeurs, cette étude analyse les disparités géographiques et culturelles associées à l'efficacité des messages et des images d'avertissement apposés sur les paquets de cigarettes

Are the Same Health Warnings Effective Across Different Countries? An Experimental Study in Seven Countries

Hammond, David ; Reid, Jessica L. ; Driezen, Pete ; Thrasher, James F. ; Gupta, Prakash C. ; Nargis, Nigar ; Li, Qiang ; Yuan, Jiang ; Boudreau, Christian ; Fong, Geoffrey T. ; Cummings, K. Michael ; Borland, Ron

Introduction : More than 100 countries have implemented pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages. However, few studies have compared how consumers from different geographic and cultural contexts respond to health warning content. The current study compares perceptions of warnings among adult smokers and youth in seven countries, to examine the efficacy of different health warning themes and images. Methods : Between 2010 and 2012, online and face-to-face surveys were conducted with ~500 [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 1 198 fumeurs souhaitant arrêter de fumer, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique entre la deuxième et sixième semaine après le début du traitement, d'un spray buccal dispensant de la nicotine

Efficacy and safety of a nicotine mouth spray for smoking cessation; a randomized, multicenter, controlled study in a naturalistic setting

Nides, Mitchell ; Danielsson, Tobias ; Saunders, Frederick ; Perfekt, Roland ; Kapikian, Roxanne ; Solla, Janice ; Leischow, Scott J. ; Myers, Andrew

Background : Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been demonstrated to be an effective pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation, and most types of NRT have been approved as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. In an effort to create a fast-acting, flexible and discreet NRT, a nicotine mouth spray (NMS) has been developed. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of NMS in a naturalistic setting in the United States. Methods : This was a multicenter, randomized, [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 2006 et 2017, cette étude analyse la fréquence de l'évaluation, par le médecin oncologue, de la pratique tabagique de son patient, identifie les facteurs entravant la fourniture de traitements pour le sevrage tabagique, puis analyse l'efficacité d'interventions permettant d'améliorer l'adhésion aux recommandations américaines sur l'arrêt du tabac

Tobacco Use Assessment and Treatment in Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review of Oncology Care Clinician Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in the U.S

Price, Sarah N. ; Studts, Jamie L. ; Hamann, Heidi A.

Background : Smoking after a cancer diagnosis negatively impacts health outcomes; smoking cessation improves symptoms, side effects, and overall prognosis. The Public Health Service and major oncology organizations have established guidelines for tobacco use treatment among cancer patients, including clinician assessment of tobacco use at each visit. Oncology care clinicians (OCCs) play important roles in this process (noted as the 5As: Asking about tobacco use, Advising users to quit, [...]