A partir des données de trois études de cohortes américaines incluant 407 270 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une consommation de viandes rouges, transformées ou non, de viandes blanches, de volailles et de poissons, et le risque de cancer colorectal, par localisation anatomique (durée médiane de suivi : 13,7 ans ; 6 640 cas)

Anatomical subsite can modify the association between meat and meat compounds and risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma: findings from three large US cohorts

Etemadi Arash ; Abnet Christian C. ; Graubard Barry I. ; Freeman Laura Beane‐ ; Freedman Neal D. ; Liao Linda ; Dawsey Sanford M. ; Sinha Rashmi

Distal and proximal colon tumors have distinct incidence trends and embryonic origins; whether these sub‐sites have distinct susceptibilities to known risk factors is unclear. We used pooled data from 407,270 participants in three US‐based studies, with overall median follow‐up of 13.8 years. We used adjusted Cox models to analyze the association between dietary intakes (from diet history questionnaire) of total, processed and unprocessed red meat; total white meat, poultry and fish; and [...]

Menée en Chine à partir de données portant sur 509 568 participants adultes, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre des mesures de l'adiposité (indice de masse corporelle, tour de taille) et le risque de cancer du côlon-rectum et de l'intestin grêle (durée de suivi : 10 ans ; 143 cas de cancer de l'intestin grêle, 3 024 cas de cancer colorectal)

Adiposity and risks of colorectal and small intestine cancer in Chinese adults: a prospective study of 0.5 million people

Pang, Yuanjie ; Kartsonaki, Christiana ; Guo, Yu ; Chen, Yiping ; Yang, Ling ; Bian, Zheng ; Bragg, Fiona ; Millwood, Iona Y. ; Mao, Enke ; Li, Yilei ; Shi, Liya ; Chen, Junshi ; Li, Liming ; Holmes, Michael V. ; Chen, Zhengming

Background : Uncertainty remains about the associations of adiposity with intestinal cancer in China and by its anatomical subtype. Methods : The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recorded 3024 incident cases of colorectal (CRC) and 143 cases of small intestine (SIC) cancer during a 10-year follow-up among 509 568 participants without prior cancer at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for specific cancers associated with adiposity. Results : Overall mean [...]

A partir de données portant sur 139 229 participants, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre l'évolution de l'indice de masse corporelle tout au long de la vie et le risque de cancer colorectal (durée de suivi : 13 ans ; 2 031 cas)

Body mass index (BMI) trajectories and risk of colorectal cancer in the PLCO cohort

Zheng, Rui ; Du, Mulong ; Zhang, Baoguo ; Xin, Junyi ; Chu, Haiyan ; Ni, Min ; Zhang, Zhengdong ; Gu, Dongying ; Wang, Meilin

Obesity is correlated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but few studies have investigated lifetime body mass index (BMI) metrics and CRC risk. In a cohort of 139 229 subjects in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, we analysed the effects of life-course BMI trajectories on CRC risk. At 13 years of follow-up, 2031 subjects developed CRC. Compared with subjects who were never overweight/obese, subjects who first exceeded the threshold of 25 kg m−2 [...]

Menée en Italie à partir de données portant sur 2 488 hommes travaillant dans le secteur de la construction navale entre 1974 et 1994, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre une exposition professionnelle à l'amiante et le risque de cancer, notamment le risque de mésothéliome et de cancer du poumon

Cancer incidence in a cohort of asbestos-exposed workers undergoing health surveillance

Barbiero, Fabiano ; Zanin, Tina ; Pisa, Federica E. ; Casetta, Anica ; Rosolen, Valentina ; Giangreco, Manuela ; Negro, Corrado ; Bovenzi, Massimo ; Barbone, Fabio

Objectives : To compare a local cohort of 2488 men occupationally exposed to asbestos and enrolled in a public health surveillance program with the 1995–2009 cancer incidence of the general population of Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region, Northeast Italy, we conducted a historical cohort study. Methods : Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for specific cancer sites were estimated in the cohort and in subgroups of workers employed in shipbuilding between [...]

Cette étude évalue, au niveau mondial, la proportion des cancers, des années de vie perdues ajustées sur l'incapacité et des décès par cancers attribuables à des facteurs environnementaux, met en avant les disparités géographiques et souligne la sous-représentativité de la pollution atmosphérique dans les risques attribuables

Environment, cancer and inequalities: The urgent need for prevention

Vineis, Paolo ; Fecht, Daniela

The proportion of total deaths attributable to environmental factors is estimated to be 23% of global deaths and 22% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) according to one review. These estimates encompass all environmental agents including infectious agents but excluding behavioural factors. The authors of the review also estimated that 16% (95% CI: 7?41%) of cancer deaths are attributable to environmental risk factors (and 36% [95% CI: 17?52%] for lung cancer). In this article, we [...]

Menée en population chinoise à partir de données portant sur 3 761 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 3 839 témoins, puis répliquée sur 6 765 cas et 6 906 témoins complémentaires, cette étude met en évidence le rôle du variant P507L du gène TPP1 dans l'interruption des interactions TPP1-TIN2, dans le raccourcissement de la longueur des télomères et dans le développement de la maladie

A rare variant P507L in TPP1 interrupts TPP1-TIN2 interaction, influences telomere length, and confers colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population

Li, Jiaoyuan ; Chang, Jiang ; Tian, Jianbo ; Ke, Juntao ; Zhu, Ying ; Yang, Yang ; Gong, Yajie ; Zou, Danyi ; Peng, Xiating ; Yang, Nan ; Mei, Shufang ; Wang, Xiaoyang ; Cheng, Liming ; Hu, Weiguo ; Gong, Jing ; Zhong, Rong ; Miao, Xiaoping

Background: Telomere dysfunction triggers cellular senescence and constitutes a driving force for cancer initiation. Genetic variants in genes involved in telomere maintenance may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. Methods: In this study, we firstly captured germline mutations in 192 CRC patients by sequencing the coding regions of 13 core components implicated in telomere biology. Five potential functional variants were then genotyped and assessed in a case-control set with [...]

A partir de données portant sur 218 témoins (maladie bénigne du sein sans cancer ultérieur) et sur 218 patientes atteintes d'une maladie bénigne du sein, confirmée par biopsie et diagnostiquée entre 1971 et 2006, puis atteintes ultérieurement d'un cancer du sein invasif, cette étude analyse l'association entre des mutations constitutionnelles de 83 gènes présentes dans le tissu mammaire porteur d'une pathologie bénigne et le risque de cancer invasif

Somatic mutations in benign breast disease tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer

Rohan, Thomas E. ; Miller, Christopher A. ; Li, Tiandao ; Wang, Yihong ; Loudig, Olivier ; Ginsberg, Mindy ; Glass, Andrew ; Mardis, Elaine

Background : Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer might come from molecular analysis of tissue from early stages of the disease. Methods : We conducted a case–control study nested in a cohort of women who had biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (BBD) diagnosed between 1971 and 2006 at Kaiser Permanente Northwest and who were followed to mid-2015 to ascertain subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC); cases (n = 218) were women with BBD who developed subsequent IBC and [...]

Menée à Hong Kong à partir de données portant sur 1 284 patients atteints d'un carcinome du rhinopharynx et sur 1 712 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la longueur des télomères leucocytaires, le risque de développer la maladie et la survie

Leukocyte telomere length associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and survival in Hong Kong Chinese

Ko Josephine Mun‐Yee ; Tsang Kay Hiu‐Ki ; Dai Wei ; Choi Sheyne Sta Ana ; Leong Merrin Man‐Long ; Ngan Roger Kai‐Cheong ; Kwong Dora Lai‐Wan ; Cheng Ashley ; Lee Anne Wing‐Mui ; Ng Wai Tong ; Tung Stewart ; Lee Victor Ho‐fun ; Lam Ka‐On ; Chan Candy King‐Chi ; Lung Maria Li

Telomere shortening occurs as an early event in tumorigenesis. The TERT‐CLPTM1L locus associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk. It remains unknown if leukocyte telomere length (LTL) associates with NPC risk and survival. The relative LTL (rLTL) was measured by quantitative‐PCR in 2996 individuals comprised of 1284 NPC cases and 1712 matched controls. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were [...]

Cette étude passe en revue les différentes méthodes et outils exploitant des données génétiques, fait le point sur leurs limites et leur usage en recherche observationnelle pour analyser les relations causales des maladies

Using genetic data to strengthen causal inference in observational research

Pingault, Jean-Baptiste ; O’Reilly, Paul F. ; Schoeler, Tabea ; Ploubidis, George B. ; Rijsdijk, Frühling ; Dudbridge, Frank

Causal inference is essential across the biomedical, behavioural and social sciences.By progressing from confounded statistical associations to evidence of causal relationships, causal inference can reveal complex pathways underlying traits and diseases and help to prioritize targets for intervention. Recent progress in genetic epidemiology — including statistical innovation, massive genotyped data sets and novel computational tools for deep data mining — has fostered the intense development of [...]