Menée aux Etats-Unis par enquête en 2011 auprès de 38 697 participants, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre une pratique tabagique et le risque de mélanome cutané (durée moyenne de suivi : 5 ans ; 247 cas)

Smoking and cutaneous melanoma: findings from The QSkin Sun and Health cohort study

Dusingize, Jean Claude ; Olsen, Catherine M ; Pandeya, Nirmala ; Thompson, Bridie S. ; Webb, Penelope M. ; Green, Adele C ; Neale, Rachel E. ; Whiteman, David C.

Background: Previous studies suggest that smokers have lower risks of cutaneous melanoma than non-smokers, but data from population-based prospective studies are scarce. We investigated associations between smoking and melanoma in a cohort study purpose-designed to investigate skin cancer outcomes. Methods: Participants with no prior history of melanoma (n=38,697) completed a risk factor survey at baseline (2011). Patients were followed through linkage to the cancer registry. We estimated [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée sur la période 1960-2016 (37 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une utilisation de produits tabagiques sans fumée et le risque de cancer de la cavité buccale

Association of Smokeless Tobacco Use and Oral Cancer: A Systematic Global Review and Meta-Analysis

Asthana, Smita ; Labani, Satyanarayana ; Kailash, Uma ; Sinha, Dhirendra N. ; Mehrotra, Ravi

Introduction : Smokeless tobacco products have been linked to precancerous and cancers of oral cavity for long. Evidence was available on the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) products and oral cancers at regional but not at global level. Present meta-analysis is aimed to evaluate the risk of oral cancer with the use of SLT products among “ever” versus “never” users. Method : Studies published for the period (1960–2016) are retrieved using Pubmed, Indmed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (8 études), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de produits laitiers et le risque de cancer du testicule

Dairy Consumption and Risk of Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review

Signal, Virginia ; Huang, Stephanie ; Sarfati, Diana ; Stanley, James ; McGlynn, Katherine A. ; Gurney, Jason K.

Dairy consumption has been studied extensively in terms of its relationship with testicular cancer (TC), yet this relationship remains unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to answer whether TC development is associated with (a) high amounts of dairy product consumption, (b) the type of dairy product consumed, (c) increasing levels of dairy product consumption, and (d) dairy consumption during certain periods during the lifecourse. Following a systematic review of the literature, eight [...]

Menée au Danemark à partir de données portant sur 33 084 marins hommes et 11 209 marins femmes, cette étude de cohorte analyse l'évolution de l'incidence des cancers en lien avec une exposition professionnelle à de l'amiante et à des rayonnements ultraviolets, sur la période 1986-1999

Cancer incidence among merchant seafarers: an extended follow-up of a Danish cohort

Ugelvig Petersen, Kajsa ; Volk, Julie ; Kaerlev, Linda ; Lyngbeck Hansen, Henrik ; Hansen, Johnni

Objectives : While maritime safety generally has improved dramatically over the last century, modern seafarers are still faced with numerous occupational hazards potentially affecting their risk of chronic diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study is to offer updated information on the incidence of specific cancers among both male and female seafarers. Methods : Using records from the Danish Seafarer Registry, all seafarers employed on Danish ships during 1986–1999 were identified, [...]

Menée en France à partir de données portant sur 2 026 patients masculins atteints d'un cancer du poumon et sur 2 610 témoins masculins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'intensité et la durée d'une pratique tabagique, une exposition professionnelle à l'amiante et le risque de développer la maladie

Time-dependent effect of intensity of smoking and of occupational exposure to asbestos on the risk of lung cancer: results from the ICARE case–control study

Lévêque, Emilie ; Lacourt, Aude ; Luce, Danièle ; Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre ; Guénel, Pascal ; Stücker, Isabelle ; Leffondre, Karen

Objective : To estimate the impact of intensity of both smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos on the risk of lung cancer throughout the whole exposure history. Methods : Data on 2026 male cases and 2610 male controls came from the French ICARE (Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers) population-based, case–control study. Lifetime smoking history and occupational history were collected from standardised questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. [...]

A partir de données portant sur 404 patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire et sur 715 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une infection par Chlamydia trachomatis et le risque de développper la maladie

Antibodies Against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Two Independent Populations

Trabert, Britton ; Waterboer, Tim ; Idahl, Annika ; Brenner, Nicole ; Brinton, Louise A. ; Butt, Julia ; Coburn, Sally B. ; Hartge, Patricia ; Hufnagel, Katrin ; Inturrisi, Federica ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Mentzer, Alexander ; Peplonska, Beata ; Sherman, Mark E. ; Wills, Gillian S. ; Woodhall, Sarah C. ; Pawlita, Michael ; Wentzensen, Nicolas

Background : Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has been associated with ovarian cancer risk. To clarify the role of Chlamydia trachomatis and other infectious agents in the development of ovarian cancer, we evaluated the association of serologic markers with incident ovarian cancer using a staged approach in two independent populations. Methods : Studies included: 1) a case–control study in Poland (244 ovarian cancers/556 control subjects) and 2) a prospective nested case–control study in the [...]

A partir de données portant sur 72 729 hommes (44 825 cas et 27 904 témoins), cette étude évalue, à l'aide d'une méthode de randomisation mendélienne, l'association entre le niveau de sélénium circulant, induit par une supplémentation, et le risque de cancer de la prostate, en fonction de son stade et de son grade

Circulating Selenium and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Yarmolinsky, James ; Bonilla, Carolina ; Haycock, Philip C. ; Langdon, Ryan J. Q. ; Lotta, Luca A. ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Relton, Caroline L. ; Lewis, Sarah J. ; Evans, David M. ; The, Practical Consortium ; Davey Smith, George ; Martin, Richard M.

In the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), selenium supplementation (causing a median 114 μg/L increase in circulating selenium) did not lower overall prostate cancer risk, but increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes. Mendelian randomization analysis uses genetic variants to proxy modifiable risk factors and can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. We constructed a genetic instrument comprising 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms [...]

A partir de données portant sur des membres de familles présentant des tauopathies génétiques, des pathologies neurodégénératives liées à des anomalies de la protéine Tau, et sur des familles témoins, cette étude de cohorte rétrospective analyse le rôle de mutations du gène de la protéine Tau dans la cancérogenèse

Tau mutations serve as a novel risk factor for cancer

Rossi, Giacomina ; Redaelli, Veronica ; Contiero, Paolo ; Fabiano, Sabrina ; Tagliabue, Giovanna ; Perego, Paola ; Benussi, Luisa ; Bruni, Amalia Cecilia ; Filippini, Graziella ; Farinotti, Mariangela ; Giaccone, Giorgio ; Buiatiotis, Simona ; Manzoni, Claudia ; Ferrari, Raffaele ; Tagliavini, Fabrizio

In addition to its well-recognized role in neurodegeneration, tau participates in maintenance of genome stability and chromosome integrity. In particular, peripheral cells from patients affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration carrying a mutation in tau gene (genetic tauopathies), as well as cells from animal models, show chromosome numerical and structural aberrations, chromatin anomalies, and a propensity toward abnormal recombination. As genome instability is tightly linked to cancer [...]

En intégrant des facteurs génétiques et infectieux, cette étude propose une théorie permettant de rendre compte de l'étiologie de la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë chez l'enfant, ce qui suggère une stratégie de prévention de la maladie

A causal mechanism for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Greaves, Mel

In this Review, I present evidence supporting a multifactorial causation of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a major subtype of paediatric cancer. ALL evolves in two discrete steps. First, in utero initiation by fusion gene formation or hyperdiploidy generates a covert, pre-leukaemic clone. Second, in a small fraction of these cases, the postnatal acquisition of secondary genetic changes (primarily V(D)J recombination-activating protein (RAG) and activation-induced cytidine [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 798 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate (402 cas afro-américains, 496 cas caucasiens) et sur 1 008 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre des mesures anthropométriques, notamment l'indice de masse corporelle, et le risque de développer la maladie, selon l'appartenance ethnique du patient

Association of Anthropometric Measures with Prostate Cancer among African-American Men in the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study

Pichardo, Margaret S ; Smith, Cheryl J ; Dorsey, Tiffany H ; Loffredo, Christopher A. ; Ambs, Stefan

Background:Obesity is a cancer risk factor. While it does not increase the risk of localized prostate cancer, it raises the risk of the aggressive disease in men of European ancestry. Few studies investigated obesity as a prostate cancer risk factor in men of African ancestry. Findings from those studies were heterogeneous but some reported an association of excess body fatness with aggressive disease. Methods:We examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and [...]

A partir de données portant sur 12 944 patientes atteintes d'un cancer colorectal et sur 10 741 témoins, cette étude évalue, à l'aide d'une méthode de randomisation mendélienne, l'association entre l'âge lors des premières règles, l'âge à la ménopause et le risque de développer la maladie

Mendelian randomisation study of age at menarche and age at menopause and the risk of colorectal cancer

Neumeyer, Sonja ; Banbury, Barbara L. ; Arndt, Volker ; Berndt, Sonja I. ; Bézieau, Stéphane ; Bien, Stephanie A. ; Buchanan, Dan D. ; Butterbach, Katja ; Caan, Bette J. ; Campbell, Peter T. ; Casey, Graham ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Dai, James Y. ; Gallinger, steven ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Grady, William M. ; Hampe, Jochen ; Hoffmeister, Michael ; Hopper, John L. ; Hsu, Li ; Jenkins, Mark A. ; Joshi, Amit ; Larsson, Susanna C. ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Lindblom, Annika ; Moreno, Víctor ; Lemire, Mathieu ; Li, Li ; Lin, Yi ; Offit, Kenneth ; Newcomb, Polly A. ; Pharaoh, Paul D. ; Potter, John D. ; Qi, Lihong ; Rennert, Gad ; Schafmayer, Clemens ; Schoen, Robert E. ; Slattery, Martha L. ; Song, Mingyang ; Ulrich, Cornelia M. ; Win, Aung K. ; White, Emily ; Wolk, Alicja ; Woods, Michael O. ; Wu, Anna H. ; Gruber, Stephen B. ; Brenner, Hermann ; Peters, Ulrike ; Chang-Claude, Jenny

Background : Substantial evidence supports an association between use of menopausal hormone therapy and decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, indicating a role of exogenous sex hormones in CRC development. However, findings on endogenous oestrogen exposure and CRC are inconsistent. Methods : We used a Mendelian randomisation approach to test for a causal effect of age at menarche and age at menopause as surrogates for endogenous oestrogen exposure on CRC risk. Weighted genetic risk scores [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (14 études, 13 135 cas), cette étude analyse l'association entre le niveau sérique de vitamine D et le risque de cancer du sein en fonction du statut des récepteurs, notamment le risque de cancer du sein triple négatif

Serum Vitamin D Status and Breast Cancer Risk by Receptor Status: A Systematic Review

Tommie, Jessica L. ; Pinney, Susan M. ; Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie A.

Background: The association between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk is equivocal. No systematic reviews or meta-analyses have examined this association stratified by receptor status. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review to answer the question, ?Is there a relationship between lower serum/plasma vitamin D levels and increased risk of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) specifically?? Methods: We systematically searched Embase and PubMed databases for published original [...]

A partir de données portant sur 10 055 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et sur 14 107 témoins en population chinoise, cette étude d'association sur l'exome entier identifie 3 nouveaux loci de susceptibilité à la maladie

A Large-Scale, Exome-Wide Association Study of Han Chinese Women Identifies Three Novel Loci Predisposing to Breast Cancer

Zhang, Bo ; Chen, Men-Yun ; Shen, Yu-Jun ; Zhuo, Xian-Bo ; Gao, Ping ; Zhou, Fu-Sheng ; Liang, Bo ; Zu, Jun ; Zhang, Qin ; Suleman, Sufyan ; Xu, Yi-Hui ; Xu, Min-Gui ; Xu, Jin-Kai ; Liu, Chen-Cheng ; Giannareas, Nikolaos ; Xia, Ji-Han ; Zhao, Yuan ; Huang, Zhong-Lian ; Yang, Zhen ; Cheng, Huai-Dong ; Li, Na ; Hong, Yan-Yan ; Li, Wei ; Zhang, Min-Jun ; Yu, Ke-Da ; Li, Guoliang ; Sun, Meng-Hong ; Chen, Zhen-Dong ; Wei, Gong-Hong ; Shao, Zhi-Min

Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 90 susceptibility loci for breast cancer. However, the missing heritability is evident, and the contributions of coding variants to breast cancer susceptibility have not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we present a large-scale whole-exome association study for breast cancer consisting of 24,162 individuals (10,055 cases and 14,107 controls). In addition to replicating known susceptibility loci (e.g., ESR1, FGFR2, and TOX3), we [...]