A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en novembre 2015 (6 études cas-témoins incluant au total 320 370 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de café consommée quotidiennement et le risque de cancer de la peau hors mélanome

Coffee consumption and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer : a dose-response meta-analysis

Vaseghi, Golnaz ; Haghjoo-Javanmard, Shaghayegh ; Naderi, Jamal ; Eshraghi, Azadeh ; Mahdavi, Manijeh ; Mansourian, Marjan

Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the associations between coffee consumption and the risk of skin cancer; however, the results were not conclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the cohort and case-control studies was carried out to determine the association between coffee intake and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases (to November 2015). Study-specific risk estimates were pooled under the [...]

Menée au Japon auprès d'une cohorte de 80 371 personnes âgées de 45 à 74 ans (durée de suivi : 1 158 632 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits ou de légumes et le risque de cancer de la vésicule biliaire ou des voies biliaires

The relationship between vegetable/fruit consumption and gallbladder/bile duct cancer: A population-based cohort study in Japan

Makiuchi, Takeshi ; Sobue, Tomotaka ; Kitamura, Tetsuhisa ; Ishihara, Junko ; Sawada, Norie ; Iwasaki, Motoki ; Sasazuki, Shizuka ; Yamaji, Taiki ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Tsugane, Shoichiro

Vegetable and fruit consumption may have a protective effect against several types of cancers. However, the effect on biliary cancers is unclear. We investigated the association of vegetable/fruit consumption with the risks of gallbladder cancer (GBC), intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC) and extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard [...]

Cette étude identifie les pays ayant réglementé l'usage de la cigarette électronique, puis classe et décrit les mécanismes utilisés pour cette réglementation

Global approaches to regulating electronic cigarettes

Kennedy, Ryan David ; Awopegba, Ayodeji ; De León, Elaine ; Cohen, Joanna E.

Objectives : Classify and describe the policy approaches used by countries to regulate e-cigarettes. Methods : National policies regulating e-cigarettes were identified by (1) conducting web searches on Ministry of Health websites, and (2) broad web searches. The mechanisms used to regulate e-cigarettes were classified as new/amended laws, or existing laws. The policy domains identified include restrictions or prohibitions on product: sale, manufacturing, importation, distribution, use, product [...]

Cet article analyse les controverses concernant le rôle des traitements médicaux et des lois réglementant l'usage de la cigarette électronique dans le sevrage tabagique

Medicalisation, smoking and e-cigarettes : evidence and implications

Morphett, Kylie ; Carter, Adrian ; Hall, Wayne ; Gartner, Coral

There is debate in the tobacco control literature about the value of a medical model in reducing smoking-related harm. The variety of medical treatments for smoking cessation has increased, health professionals are encouraged to use them to assist smoking cessation and tobacco dependence is being described as a ‘chronic disease’. Some critics suggest that the medicalisation of smoking undermines the tobacco industry's responsibility for the harms of smoking. Others worry that it will lead [...]