Menée sur 125 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules traité entre 2013 et 2014, cette étude compare, du point de vue de la dose de rayonnements administrés, les avantages et les inconvénients d'une radiothérapie avec modulation d'intensité et d'une arcthérapie volumique modulée

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy have distinct clinical advantages in non-small cell lung cancer treatment

Zhang, J. ; Yu, X. L. ; Zheng, G. F. ; Zhao, F.

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in delivering the planned dosage in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Between September 2013 and March 2014, 125 NSCLC patients were randomly chosen and allocated to the IMRT group (n = 65) and VMAT group (n = 60). We compared multiple parameters such as target dose, organ dosimetry, monitor unit (MU) and time of therapy between IMRT and VMAT [...]

Menée sur 18 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate récidivant localement après une radiothérapie externe définitive (durée médiane de suivi : 31,5 mois), cette étude évalue, en fonction de la dose de rayonnements délivrée, la toxicité à long terme d'un traitement de sauvetage par curiethérapie permanente à faible débit de dose

Salvage low-dose-rate permanent seed brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer : Association between dose and late toxicity

Rose, J. N. ; Crook, J. M. ; Pickles, T. ; Keyes, M. ; Morris, W. J.

PURPOSE : Rates of late toxicity are higher for salvage treatment of local recurrence after prior radiotherapy. We present our experience with salvage prostate brachytherapy (BT) for local recurrence after definitive external beam radiotherapy with attention to the relationship between dose and late toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS : From 2005 to 2012, 18 patients with biopsy proven locally recurrent prostate cancer and negative staging received low-dose-rate BT with a prescribed dose of 130-144 [...]

Menée sur 9 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate, cette étude évalue la faisabilité de trois schémas d'irradiation (irradiation de l'ensemble ou de la moitié de la glande, irradiation ciblant les lésions uniquement) dans le cadre d'une curiethérapie à faible débit de dose

Dosimetry modeling for focal low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy

Al-Qaisieh, Bashar ; Mason, Josh ; Bownes, Peter ; Henry, Ann ; Dickinson, Louise ; Ahmed, Hashim U. ; Emberton, Mark ; Langley, Stephen

Purpose/Objectives(s) : Focal brachytherapy targeted to individual lesion(s) within the prostate may reduce side-effects experienced with whole-gland brachytherapy. The outcomes of a consensus meeting on focal prostate brachytherapy were used to investigate optimal dosimetry of focal low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy targeted using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and transperineal template prostate mapping biopsy (TPM), including the effects of random and [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels, en activant p21, la signalisation TGF-bêta favorise la résistance thérapeutique dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes

TGF-bêta Promotes Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oshimori, Naoki ; Oristian, Daniel ; Fuchs, Elaine

Subsets of long-lived, tumor-initiating stem cells often escape cancer therapies. However, sources and mechanisms that generate tumor heterogeneity and drug-resistant cell population are still unfolding. Here, we devise a functional reporter system to lineage trace and/or genetic ablate signaling in TGF-

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude évalue l'efficacité de nanoparticules d'or combinées avec des molécules de fluorouracile pour surmonter l'apparition d'une résistance à une chimiothérapie dans les cancers du sein triplement négatifs

Implantable hydrogel embedded dark-gold nanoswitch as a theranostic probe to sense and overcome cancer multidrug resistance

Conde, João ; Oliva, Nuria ; Artzi, Natalie

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is a substantial limitation to the success of chemotherapy. Here, we describe facile means to overcome resistance by silencing the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), before chemotherapeutic drug delivery in vivo with a single local application. Our platform contains hydrogel embedded with dark-gold nanoparticles modified with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-intercalated nanobeacons that serve as an ON/OFF molecular nanoswitch triggered by the increased MRP1 [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude évalue la capacité de salmonelles, embarquant un système de détection du quorum et un gène rapporteur, à exprimer une protéine de façon spécifique à l'intérieur des tumeurs sans induire de toxicité hépatique

Quorum-sensing Salmonella selectively trigger protein expression within tumors

Swofford, Charles A. ; Van Dessel, Nele ; Forbes, Neil S.

Salmonella that secrete anticancer proteins have the potential to eliminate tumors, but nonspecific expression causes damage to healthy tissue. We hypothesize that Salmonella, integrated with a density-dependent switch, would only express proteins in tightly packed colonies within tumors. To test this hypothesis, we cloned the lux quorum-sensing (QS) system and a GFP reporter into nonpathogenic Salmonella. Fluorescence and bacterial density were measured in culture and in a tumor-on-a-chip [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur l'intérêt d'un agent anti-angiogénique, le trébananib, pour le traitement des patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire

Advances in Anti-Angiogenic Agents for Ovarian Cancer Treatment: The Role of Trebananib (AMG 386)

Marchetti, Claudia ; Gasparri, Maria Luisa ; Ruscito, Ilary ; Palaia, Innocenza ; Perniola, Giorgia ; Carrone, Angela ; Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad ; Pecorini, Francesco ; Muzii, Ludovico ; Panici, Pierluigi Benedetti

Ovarian cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and has emerged as leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Gold-standard treatment consisted of cytoreductive surgery and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy. Recently, promising results of randomized trials have definitively confirmed the importance of angiogenesis in oncogenesis and ovarian cancer behaviour, by showing a significant prolongation of progression-free survival with the addiction of an angiogenesis [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires et à l'aide d'un modèle murin génétiquement modifié, cette étude évalue l'activité antitumorale d'un composé appelé PF-06463922, un inhibiteur d'ALK/ROS1, pour le traitement des cancers présentant des mutations ROS1 et ayant développé une résistance au crizotinib

PF-06463922 is a potent and selective next-generation ROS1/ALK inhibitor capable of blocking crizotinib-resistant ROS1 mutations

Zou, Helen Y. ; Li, Qiuhua ; Engstrom, Lars D. ; West, Melissa ; Appleman, Vicky ; Wong, Katy A. ; McTigue, Michele ; Deng, Ya-Li ; Liu, Wei ; Brooun, Alexei ; Timofeevski, Sergei ; McDonnell, Scott R. P. ; Jiang, Ping ; Falk, Matthew D. ; Lappin, Patrick B. ; Affolter, Timothy ; Nichols, Tim ; Hu, Wenyue ; Lam, Justine ; Johnson, Ted W. ; Smeal, Tod ; Charest, Al ; Fantin, Valeria R.

Oncogenic c-ros oncogene1 (ROS1) fusion kinases have been identified in a variety of human cancers and are attractive targets for cancer therapy. The MET/ALK/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori, PF-02341066) has demonstrated promising clinical activity in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, emerging clinical evidence has shown that patients can develop resistance by acquiring secondary point mutations in ROS1 kinase. In this study we characterized the ROS1 activity of [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels la signalisation SOX2-FOXO6 favorise le développement d'une résistance à l'erlotinib dans le traitement d'un cancer du poumon présentant un gène EGFR muté

Inhibition of mutant EGFR in lung cancer cells triggers SOX2-FOXO6-dependent survival pathways

Rothenberg, S Michael ; Concannon, Kyle ; Cullen, Sarah ; Boulay, Gaylor ; Turke, Alexa B ; Faber, Anthony C ; Lockerman, Elizabeth L ; Rivera, Miguel N ; Engelman, Jeffrey A ; Maheswaran, Shyamala ; Haber, Daniel A

Treatment of EGFR-mutant lung cancer with erlotinib results in dramatic tumor regression but it is invariably followed by drug resistance. In characterizing early transcriptional changes following drug treatment of mutant EGFR-addicted cells, we identified the stem cell transcriptional regulator SOX2 as being rapidly and specifically induced, both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of SOX2 sensitizes cells to erlotinib-mediated apoptosis, ultimately decreasing the emergence of acquired [...]

Menée sur plus de 500 lignées cellulaires de cancer du poumon à petites cellules, cette étude caractérise l'activité antitumorale d'une molécule mimétique de BH3 (ABT-263), seule ou en combinaison avec un inhibiteur de TORC1/2

Assessment of ABT-263 activity across a cancer cell line collection leads to a potent combination therapy for small-cell lung cancer

Faber, Anthony C. ; Farago, Anna F. ; Costa, Carlotta ; Dastur, Anahita ; Gomez-Caraballo, Maria ; Robbins, Rebecca ; Wagner, Bethany L. ; Rideout, William M. ; Jakubik, Charles T. ; Ham, Jungoh ; Edelman, Elena J. ; Ebi, Hiromichi ; Yeo, Alan T. ; Hata, Aaron N. ; Song, Youngchul ; Patel, Neha U. ; March, Ryan J. ; Tam, Ah Ting ; Milano, Randy J. ; Boisvert, Jessica L. ; Hicks, Mark A. ; Elmiligy, Sarah ; Malstrom, Scott E. ; Rivera, Miguel N. ; Harada, Hisashi ; Windle, Brad E. ; Ramaswamy, Sridhar ; Benes, Cyril H. ; Jacks, Tyler ; Engelman, Jeffrey A.

BH3 mimetics such as ABT-263 induce apoptosis in a subset of cancer models. However, these drugs have shown limited clinical efficacy as single agents in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other solid tumor malignancies, and rational combination strategies remain underexplored. To develop a novel therapeutic approach, we examined the efficacy of ABT-263 across >500 cancer cell lines, including 311 for which we had matched expression data for select genes. We found that high expression of the [...]

Mené sur 249 patients atteints d'une tumeur solide de stade avancé récidivante ou réfractaire aux chimiothérapies de référence, cet essai international de phase I/II évalue la dose maximale tolérée et l'activité antitumorale de l'alisertib

Safety and activity of alisertib, an investigational aurora kinase A inhibitor, in patients with breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, and gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a five-arm phase 2 study

Melichar, Bohuslav ; Adenis, Antoine ; Lockhart, A. Craig ; Bennouna, Jaafar ; Dees, E. Claire ; Kayaleh, Omar ; Obermannova, Radka ; DeMichele, Angela ; Zatloukal, Petr ; Zhang, Bin ; Ullmann, Claudio Dansky ; Schusterbauer, Claudia

Background : Alisertib is an investigational, oral, selective inhibitor of aurora kinase A. We aimed to investigate the safety and activity of single-agent alisertib in patients with predefined types of advanced solid tumours. Methods : We did a multicentre phase 1/2 study at 40 centres in four countries (Czech Republic, France, Poland, and the USA). Here, we report results from phase 2; enrolment for the study began on Feb 16, 2010, and ended on May 3, 2013. Adult patients were eligible for [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents ayant mis en évidence des effets indésirables sur la fonction rénale induits par des thérapies ciblées chez des patients atteints d'un cancer

Renal Effects of Molecular Targeted Therapies in Oncology. A review by the Cancer and the Kidney International Network (C-KIN)

Launay-Vacher, V. ; Aapro, M. ; De Castro, G. ; Cohen, E. ; Deray, G. ; Dooley, M. ; Humphreys, B. ; Lichtman, S. ; Rey, JB. ; Scotté, F. ; Wildiers, H. ; Sprangers, B.

A number of cancer therapy agents are cleared by the kidney and may affect renal function, including cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, molecular targeted therapies, analgesics, antibiotics, radiopharmaceuticals and radiation therapy, and bone-targeted therapies. Many of these agents can be nephrotoxic including, targeted cancer therapies. The incidence, severity, and pattern of renal toxicities may vary according to the respective target of the drug. Here we review the renal effects associated [...]

Mené sur 216 patients atteints d'une leucémie myéloïde aiguë secondaire (c'est-à-dire survenant après un syndrome myélodysplasique ou après une chimiothérapie), cet essai de phase III évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux de rémission complète, et la toxicité d'un traitement d'induction combinant cytarabine et malate-L d'amonafide

Phase III Open-Label Randomized Study of Cytarabine in Combination With Amonafide L-Malate or Daunorubicin As Induction Therapy for Patients With Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Stone, Richard M. ; Mazzola, Emanuele ; Neuberg, Donna ; Allen, Steven L. ; Pigneux, Arnaud ; Stuart, Robert K. ; Wetzler, Meir ; Rizzieri, David ; Erba, Harry P. ; Damon, Lloyd ; Jang, Jun-Ho ; Tallman, Martin S. ; Warzocha, Krzysztof ; Masszi, Tamas ; Sekeres, Mikkael A. ; Egyed, Miklos ; Horst, Heinz-August ; Selleslag, Dominik ; Solomon, Scott R. ; Venugopal, Parameswaran ; Lundberg, Ante S. ; Powell, Bayard

Purpose : Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), defined as AML arising after a prior myelodysplastic syndrome or after antineoplastic therapy, responds poorly to current therapies. It is often associated with adverse karyotypic abnormalities and overexpression of proteins that mediate drug resistance. We performed a phase III trial to determine whether induction therapy with cytarabine and amonafide L-malate, a DNA intercalator and non–ATP-dependent topoisomerase II inhibitor that evades [...]

Mené sur 487 patients atteints d'un lymphome du manteau récemment diagnostiqué, cet essai randomisé de phase III évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, et la toxicité d'un traitement de première ligne de type R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, vincristine et prednisone) dans lequel le bortézomib se substitue à la vincristine

Bortezomib-Based Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Mantle-Cell Lymphoma

Robak, Tadeusz ; Huang, Huiqiang ; Jin, Jie ; Zhu, Jun ; Liu, Ting ; Samoilova, Olga ; Pylypenko, Halyna ; Verhoef, Gregor ; Siritanaratkul, Noppadol ; Osmanov, Evgenii ; Alexeeva, Julia ; Pereira, Juliana ; Drach, Johannes ; Mayer, Jiri ; Hong, Xiaonan ; Okamoto, Rumiko ; Pei, Lixia ; Rooney, Brendan ; van de Velde, Helgi ; Cavalli, Franco

BACKGROUND : The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was initially approved for the treatment of relapsed mantle-cell lymphoma. We investigated whether substituting bortezomib for vincristine in frontline therapy with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) could improve outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma. METHODS : In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 487 adults with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma who were ineligible [...]

Cet article passe en revue les essais cliniques en cours évaluant le lénalidomide, seul ou en combinaison, pour le traitement de patients atteints d'un lymphome non hodgkinien

Lenalidomide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: biologic perspectives and therapeutic opportunities

Kritharis, Athena ; Coyle, Michael ; Sharma, Jaya ; Evens, Andrew M.

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory analog (IMiDsTM) with activity in lymphoid malignancies occurring primarily through immune modulation (e.g., T-cell immune synapse enhancement and NK-cell/T-cell effector augmentation) and anti-proliferative effects. FDA approved for bortezomib-resistant, relapsed/refractory mantle-cell lymphoma, lenalidomide has demonstrated efficacy in several additional lymphoma subtypes. There are a multitude of ongoing clinical trials examining lenalidomide alone or in [...]

Mené sur 144 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon à petites cellules de stade étendu, cet essai de phase II évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, et la toxicité du sunitinib en traitement d'entretien après une chimiothérapie

Chemotherapy With or Without Maintenance Sunitinib for Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study—CALGB 30504 (Alliance)

Ready, Neal E. ; Pang, Herbert H. ; Gu, Lin ; Otterson, Gregory A. ; Thomas, Sachdev P. ; Miller, Antonius A. ; Baggstrom, Maria ; Masters, Gregory A. ; Graziano, Stephen L. ; Crawford, Jeffrey ; Bogart, Jeffrey ; Vokes, Everett E.

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of maintenance sunitinib after chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients and Methods : The Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30504 trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study that enrolled patients before chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 or carboplatin area under the curve of 5 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days for four to six cycles). Patients without progression were randomly assigned 1:1 to [...]

A partir de données portant sur 73 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules avec réarrangements ALK, cette étude rétrospective analyse la survie globale et la survie sans progression associées à un traitement à base de crizotinib, puis de ceritinib

Progression-Free and Overall Survival in ALK-Positive NSCLC Patients Treated with Sequential Crizotinib and Ceritinib

Gainor, Justin F. ; Tan, Daniel S.W. ; De Pas, Tommaso ; Solomon, Benjamin ; Ahmad, Aziah ; Lazzari, Chiara ; de Marinis, Filippo ; Spitaleri, Gianluca ; Schultz, Katherine ; Friboulet, Luc ; Yeap, Beow Y. ; Engelman, Jeffrey A ; Shaw, Alice T.

Purpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are important therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that confer sensitivity to the ALK inhibitors crizotinib and ceritinib. To determine the outcome of sequential treatment with crizotinb and ceritinib, we retrospectively evaluated a cohort of ALK-positive patients treated with both agents. Experimental Design: We identified 73 ALK-positive NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib followed by ceritinib at four [...]

A partir de données médico-administratives suédoises portant sur 41 362 patients ayant reçu un traitement anti-androgénique pour un cancer de la prostate entre 2006 et 2012, cette étude analyse les risques cardiovasculaires associés aux traitements

Risk and Timing of Cardiovascular Disease After Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer

O'Farrell, Sean ; Garmo, Hans ; Holmberg, Lars ; Adolfsson, Jan ; Stattin, Pär ; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke

Purpose : Findings on the association between risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the duration and type of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) are inconsistent. Methods : By using data on filled drug prescriptions in Swedish national health care registers, we investigated the risk of CVD in a cohort of 41,362 men with PCa on ADT compared with an age-matched, PCa-free comparison cohort (n = 187,785) by use of multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression [...]

Mené en France sur 357 patients atteints d'un cancer du rectum de stade II-III (durée de suivi : 156 mois), cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans maladie, de l'ajout d'irinotecan à un traitement adjuvant combinant fluorouracile et leucovorine

Postoperative irinotecan in resected stage II-III rectal cancer. Final analysis of the French R98 intergroup trial

Delbaldo, C. ; Ychou, M. ; Zawadi, A. ; Douillard, J. Y. ; André, T. ; Guerin-Meyer, V. ; Rougier, P. ; Dupuis, O. ; Faroux, R. ; Jouhaud, A. ; Quinaux, E. ; Buyse, M. ; Piedbois, P.

Backgroud : The R98 trial explores the addition of irinotecan to a 5FU plus leucovorin (5FU/LV) adjuvant regimen in optimally resected stages II-III rectal cancers. We report the updated long-term results. Disease free survival (DFS) was the primary end-point. Patients and Methods : Between March 1999 and December 2005, 357 patients were randomized: 178 in 5FU/LV and 179 in LV5FU2+irinotecan arm. The trial was stratified by control arm: Mayo-Clinic regimen or LV5FU2 regimen. Results Three [...]

Mené sur 257 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein HR- avant la ménopause, cet essai évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux d'insuffisance ovarienne à 2 ans, de l'ajout de la goséréline à une chimiothérapie de référence

Goserelin for Ovarian Protection during Breast-Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Moore, Halle C.F. ; Unger, Joseph M. ; Phillips, Kelly-Anne ; Boyle, Frances ; Hitre, Erika ; Porter, David ; Francis, Prudence A. ; Goldstein, Lori J. ; Gomez, Henry L. ; Vallejos, Carlos S. ; Partridge, Ann H. ; Dakhil, Shaker R. ; Garcia, Agustin A. ; Gralow, Julie ; Lombard, Janine M. ; Forbes, John F. ; Martino, Silvana ; Barlow, William E. ; Fabian, Carol J. ; Minasian, Lori ; Meyskens, Frank L. ; Gelber, Richard D. ; Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. ; Albain, Kathy S.

BACKGROUND : Ovarian failure is a common toxic effect of chemotherapy. Studies of the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to protect ovarian function have shown mixed results and lack data on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS : We randomly assigned 257 premenopausal women with operable hormone-receptor–negative breast cancer to receive standard chemotherapy with the GnRH agonist goserelin (goserelin group) or standard chemotherapy without goserelin (chemotherapy-alone group). The [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (5 essais randomisés identifiés, ayant inclus un total de 1 017 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein HER2+ de stade précoce), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux de réponse pathologique complète, de l'ajout du lapatinib au trastuzumab en traitement néoadjuvant

Neoadjuvant Dual HER2-Targeted Therapy With Lapatinib and Trastuzumab Improves Pathologic Complete Response in Patients With Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Prospective Clinical Trials

Hicks, Mellissa ; Macrae, Erin R. ; Abdel-Rasoul, Mahmoud ; Layman, Rachel ; Friedman, Susan ; Querry, Jenny ; Lustberg, Maryam ; Ramaswamy, Bhuvaneswari ; Mrozek, Ewa ; Shapiro, Charles ; Wesolowski, Robert

Background. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) that evaluated the addition of lapatinib to trastuzumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with HER2-positive, operable breast cancer revealed a questionable improvement in pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective RCTs that examined the effect of adding lapatinib to trastuzumab and NAC on pCR rate. Methods. PubMed databases and abstracts from the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical [...]

Mené au Japon sur 253 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du col de l'utérus récidivant ou métastatique, cet essai randomisé de phase III compare l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie globale, et la toxicité du cisplatine et du carboplatine en combinaison avec du paclitaxel

Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel Plus Cisplatin in Metastatic or Recurrent Cervical Cancer: The Open-Label Randomized Phase III Trial JCOG0505

Kitagawa, Ryo ; Katsumata, Noriyuki ; Shibata, Taro ; Kamura, Toshiharu ; Kasamatsu, Takahiro ; Nakanishi, Toru ; Nishimura, Sadako ; Ushijima, Kimio ; Takano, Masashi ; Satoh, Toyomi ; Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki

Purpose : In metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard. The JCOG0505 randomized phase III trial evaluated the clinical benefits of carboplatin-based regimen. Patients and Methods : Eligible patients had metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer and had ≤ one platinum-containing treatment and no prior taxane. Patients were randomly assigned either to conventional paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP; paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin 50 [...]

A partir des données des registres américains des cancers portant sur des patients atteints d'un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou et âgés de plus de 66 ans, cette étude analyse la nature et la fréquence de toxicités liées à une chimioradiothérapie ou à une radiothérapie seule

Treatment-related toxicities in older adults with head and neck cancer: A population-based analysis

O'Neill, Caitriona B. ; Baxi, Shrujal S. ; Atoria, Coral L. ; O'Neill, James P. ; Henman, Martin C. ; Sherman, Eric J. ; Lee, Nancy Y. ; Pfister, David G. ; Elkin, Elena B.

BACKGROUND Despite advantages in terms of cancer control and organ preservation, the benefits of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CTRT) may be offset by potentially severe treatment-related toxicities, particularly in older patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the types and frequencies of toxicities in older adults with locally or regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who were receiving either primary CTRT or radiation therapy (RT) alone. METHODS [...]

A partir d'une analyse du registre américain des essais cliniques entre 2005 et 2013, cette étude évalue le pourcentage des essais impliquant la recherche d'anomalies génomiques chez des patients atteints d'un cancer

The Landscape of Precision Cancer Medicine Clinical Trials in the United States

Roper, Nitin ; Stensland, Kristian D. ; Hendricks, Ryan ; Galsky, Matthew D.

Purpose : Advances in tumor biology and multiplex genomic analysis have ushered in the era of precision cancer medicine. Little is currently known, however, about the landscape of prospective “precision cancer medicine” clinical trials in the U.S. Methods : We identified all adult interventional cancer trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between September 2005 and May 2013. Trials were classified as “precision cancer medicine” if a genomic alteration in a predefined set of 88 genes was [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur l'intérêt d'utiliser le critère de réponse pathologique complète pour prédire, après un traitement néoadjuvant, la survie des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein

Can pathologic complete response (pCR) be used as a surrogate marker of survival after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer?

Wang-Lopez, Qian ; Chalabi, Nassera ; Abrial, Catherine ; Radosevic-Robin, Nina ; Durando, Xavier ; Mouret-Reynier, Marie-Ange ; Benmammar, Kheir-Eddine ; Kullab, Sharif ; Bahadoor, Mohun ; Chollet, Philippe ; Penaut-Llorca, Frédérique ; Nabholtz, Jean-Marc

Breast cancer is heterogeneous in clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and biological features, as reflected by several different prognostic subgroups. Neoadjuvant approaches are currently used for the “in vivo” efficacy assessment of treatments. Pathological complete response (pCR) has been reported as a reliable predictive factor of survival in that setting. However, pCR remains a subject of controversy in terms of definition and its evaluation methods. In addtion, its predictive [...]