Menée en Grande Bretagne à partir d'une enquête réalisée entre 2010 et 2012 auprès de 8 869 femmes âgées de 16 à 74 ans, cette étude identifie les facteurs de risque associés à une contamination par le papillomavirus humain (HPV), à la non participation à un programme de dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus dans les 5 dernières années et à l'absence de vaccination complète contre le HPV

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer prevention in Britain: Evidence of differential uptake of interventions from a probability survey

Tanton, Clare ; Soldan, Kate ; Beddows, Simon ; Mercer, Catherine H ; Waller, Jo ; Field, Nigel ; Clifton, Soazig ; Copas, Andrew J ; Panwar, Kavita ; Manyenga, Precious ; Da Silva, Filomeno ; Wellings, Kaye ; Ison, Catherine A ; Johnson, Anne M ; Sonnenberg, Pam

Background : The third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) provides an opportunity to explore high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and uptake of cervical screening and HPV vaccination in the general population. Methods : Natsal-3, a probability sample survey of men and women aged 16-74, resident in Britain, interviewed 8869 women in 2010-12. We explored risk factors for HR-HPV (in urine from 2569 sexually-experienced women aged 16-44), non-attendance for [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2014 (20 études ; nombre total de participants : plus de 1,8 million), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et/ou de légumes et le risque de cancer du poumon

Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Wang, Yaopeng ; Li, Fei ; Wang, Zizong ; Qiu, Tong ; Shen, Yi ; Wang, Mingzhao

Objectives : A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize evidence from prospective cohort studies about the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of lung cancer. Materials and methods : Pertinent studies were identified by a search of Embase and PubMed databases to October 2014. A random-effects model was used to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence interval [RR (95% CI)]. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline. Results : The [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 87 360 participantes (âge : 50 à 79 ans ; durée de suivi : 13 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction de leur indice de masse corporelle, l'association entre la consommation d'aliments riches en acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne et le risque de cancer de l'endomètre (1 253 cas)

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and endometrial cancer risk in the Women’s Health Initiative

Brasky, Theodore M ; Rodabough, Rebecca J ; Liu, Jingmin ; Kurta, Michelle L ; Wise, Lauren A ; Orchard, Tonya S ; Cohn, David E ; Belury, Martha A ; White, Emily ; Manson, JoAnn E ; Neuhouser, Marian L

Background : Inflammation may be important in endometrial cancer development. Long-chain

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant les effets chimiopréventifs des composés nutritifs et non nutritifs des légumineuses dans les cancers

Nutrient and Nonnutrient Components of Legumes, and Its Chemopreventive Activity: A Review

Sánchez-Chino, Xariss ; Jiménez-Martínez, Cristian ; Dávila-Ortiz, Gloria ; Álvarez-González, Isela ; Madrigal-Bujaidar, Eduardo

Legumes in combination with other products are the staple food for a large part of the world population, especially the low-income fragment, because their seeds provide valuable amounts of carbohydrates, fiber, and proteins, and have an important composition of essential amino acids, the sulphured amino acids being the limiting ones. Furthermore, legumes also have nonnutritional compounds that may decrease the absorption of nutrients or produce toxic effects; however, it has been reported that [...]

Menée in silico, cette étude analyse, dans le cadre de la chimioprévention des cancers, les similarités structurelles et fonctionnelles entre des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et des inhibiteurs de protéines kinases

The protein kinase promiscuities in the cancer-preventive mechanisms of NSAIDs

Norvaisas, Povilas ; Chan, Diana ; Yokoi, Kenji ; Dave, Bhuvanesh ; Ziemys, Arturas

NSAIDs have been observed to have cancer-preventive properties, but the actual mechanism is elusive. We hypothesize that NSAIDs might have an effect through common pathways and targets of anticancer drugs by exploiting promiscuities of anticancer drug targets. Here, we have explored NSAIDs by their structural and pharmacophoric similarities with small anticancer molecules. In-silico analyses have shown a strong similarity between NSAIDs and protein kinase (PK) inhibitors. The calculated [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de fibroblastes et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude identifie un mécanisme par lequel la rapamycine peut prévenir la carcinogenèse de la peau en réduisant les dommages causés à l'ADN

Prevention of carcinogen and inflammation-induced dermal cancer by oral rapamycin includes reducing genetic damage

Dao, Vinh ; Pandeswara, Srilakshmi ; Liu, Yang ; Hurez, Vincent ; Dodds, Sherry ; Callaway, Danielle ; Liu, Ai-Jie ; Hasty, Paul ; Sharp, Zelton Dave ; Curiel, Tyler J.

Cancer prevention is a cost-effective alternative to treatment. In mice, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin prevents distinct spontaneous, non-inflammatory cancers, making it a candidate broad-spectrum cancer prevention agent. We now show that oral microencapsulated rapamycin (eRapa) prevents skin cancer in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) carcinogen-induced, inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. eRapa given before DMBA/TPA [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de cancer de la prostate et à l'aide de xénogreffes sur un modèle murin, cette étude met en évidence l'effet chimiopréventif des composés isothiocyanates des légumes crucifères sur l'expression du récepteur CXCR4, impliqué dans la progression tumorale et la survenue de métastases

CXCR4 Is a Novel Target of Cancer Chemopreventative Isothiocyanates in Prostate Cancer Cells

Sakao, Kozue ; Vyas, Avani R ; Chinni, Sreenivasa ; Amjad, Ali I ; Parikh, Rahul ; Singh, Shivendra V.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from cruciferous vegetables, including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN), exhibit in vivo activity against prostate cancer in xenograft and transgenic mouse model, and thus are appealing for chemoprevention of this disease. Watercress constituent PEITC and SFN-rich broccoli sprout extract are under clinical investigations but the molecular mechanisms underlying their cancer chemopreventive effects are not fully understood. The present study [...]

Menée à l'aide de lignées cellulaires de cancer colorectal, de xénogreffes sur un modèle murin et d'analyses bioinformatiques, cette étude identifie un mécanisme par lequel la curcumine et l'acide boswellique, en régulant l'expression des microARNs miR-34a et miR-27a, inhibent des processus impliqués dans la carcinogenèse

Novel evidence for curcumin and boswellic acid induced chemoprevention through regulation of miR-34a and miR-27a in colorectal cancer

Toden, Shusuke ; Okugawa, Yoshinaga ; Buhrmann, Constanze ; Nattamai, Durgha ; Anguiano, Esperanza ; Baldwin, Nicole ; Shakibaei, Mehdi ; Boland, C. Richard ; Goel, Ajay

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, but it is truly a preventable disease. Both curcumin and boswellic acids are well-established dietary botanicals with potent anti-tumorigenic properties which have been shown to modulate multiple oncogenic pathways. Recent data suggest that the chemopreventive effects of these botanicals may in part be mediated through regulation of key cancer-related microRNAs (miRNAs) and their downstream gene [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire de cancer du sein humain, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel le kaempférol d'origine alimentaire arrête la prolifération des cellules tumorales en réduisant leur consommation de glucose

The Chemopreventive Effect of the Dietary Compound Kaempferol on the MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line Is Dependent on Inhibition of Glucose Cellular Uptake

Azevedo, Cláudia ; Correia-Branco, Ana ; Araújo, João R. ; Guimarães, João T. ; Keating, Elisa ; Martel, Fátima

Our aim was to investigate the effect of several dietary polyphenols on glucose uptake by breast cancer cells. Uptake of 3H-deoxy-D-glucose (3H-DG) by MCF-7 cells was time-dependent, saturable, and inhibited by cytochalasin B plus phloridzin. In the short-term (26 min), myricetin, chrysin, genistein, resveratrol, kaempferol, and xanthohumol (10?100 µM) inhibited 3H-DG uptake. Kaempferol was found to be the most potent inhibitor of 3H-DG uptake [IC50 of 4 µM (1.6?9.8)], behaving as a mixed-type [...]

Menée sur des kératinocytes humains de la cavité buccale, cette étude identifie des mécanismes par lesquels le fenrétinide, un dérivé synthétique de la vitamine A, inhibe la transformation des lésions précancéreuses en lésions cancéreuses en agissant sur l'activité de la protéine kinase FAK

Fenretinide Perturbs Focal Adhesion Kinase in Premalignant and Malignant Human Oral Keratinocytes. Fenretinide's chemopreventive mechanisms include ECM interactions

Han, Byungdo B ; Li, Suyang ; Tong, Meng ; Holpuch, Andrew S. ; Spinney, Richard ; Wang, Daren ; Border, Michael B ; Liu, Zhongfa ; Sarode, Sachin ; Pei, Ping ; Schwendeman, Steven ; Mallery, Susan R.

The membrane-associated protein, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), modulates cell-extracellular matrix interactions and also conveys pro-survival and proliferative signals. Notably, increased intraepithelial FAK levels accompany transformation of premalignant oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OIN chemoprevention is a patient-centric, optimal strategy to prevent OSCC's co-morbidities and mortality. The cancer chemopreventive and synthetic vitamin A [...]