Menée en Suède auprès de 185 412 participants à une compétition de ski sur longue distance, cette étude évalue l'association entre un haut niveau d'activité physique et le risque de cancer par localisation

Cancer incidence in participants in a long-distance ski race (Vasaloppet, Sweden) compared to the background population

Hållmarker, Ulf ; James, Stefan ; Michaelsson, Karl ; Ärnlöv, Johan ; Sandin, Fredrik ; Holmberg, Lars

Background : We studied the association between taking part in a long distance ski race and cancer incidence to address the hypothesis that a lifestyle involving a high degree of physical activity (PA) lowers cancer incidence with a pattern that is different by cancer site. Methods : Cancer incidence was estimated in a large cohort of skiers (n = 185,412) participating in the Vasaloppet long distance ski race in Sweden 1989–2010 and non-participants in the ski race, randomly selected from the [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur un échantillon de jeunes adultes âgés de 18 à 34 ans, cette étude analyse, en fonction de catégories d'âge, l'influence de la proximité et du nombre de débits de tabac sur leur initiation tabagique

Tobacco Retail Outlet Density and Young Adult Tobacco Initiation

Cantrell, Jennifer ; Pearson, Jennifer L. ; Anesetti-Rothermel, Andrew ; Xiao, Haijun ; Kirchner, Thomas R. ; Vallone, Donna

Background : A growing body of evidence indicates that the density of tobacco retail outlets around the home residence may influence tobacco use among youth and adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of neighborhood tobacco retail outlet density on young adult initiation of different tobacco product types. Methods : Cross-sectional data from a 2013 nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18-34 was examined in relation to a 2012 geocoded listing of all outlets [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès de 1 054 patients atteints d'un cancer de l'œsophage ou de l'estomac et auprès de 662 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de flavonoïdes d'origine alimentaire et le risque de développer ces maladies, puis analyse l'effet de cette consommation sur la survie des patients

Dietary intake of flavonoids and oesophageal and gastric cancer: incidence and survival in the United States of America (USA)

Petrick, J. L. ; Steck, S. E. ; Bradshaw, P. T. ; Trivers, K. F. ; Abrahamson, P. E. ; Engel, L. S. ; He, K. ; Chow, W. H. ; Mayne, S. T. ; Risch, H. A. ; Vaughan, T. L. ; Gammon, M. D.

Background : Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds concentrated in fruits and vegetables, have experimentally demonstrated chemopreventive effects against oesophageal and gastric cancer. Few epidemiologic studies have examined flavonoid intake and incidence of these cancers, and none have considered survival. Methods : In this USA multicentre population-based study, case participants (diagnosed during 1993–1995 with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OEA, n=274), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA, [...]

Cet article passe en revue les mécanismes d'action et les cibles moléculaires de la chlorophylle en supplémentation pour la prévention des cancers

Chemopreventive Potential of Chlorophyllin: A Review of the Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets

Nagini, Siddavaram ; Palitti, Fabrizio ; Natarajan, Adayapalam T.

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water soluble semisynthetic derivative of the ubiquitous plant pigment chlorophyll used as a food additive, is recognized to confer a wide range of health benefits. CHL has been shown to exhibit potent antigenotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anticancer effects. Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation of CHL lowers the risk of cancer. CHL inhibits cancer initiation and progression by targeting multiple molecules and [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en août 2014 (27 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de fruits et de légumes consommés par jour et le risque de cancer de la vessie

Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of bladder cancer: an updated meta-analysis of observational studies

Liu, Huan ; Wang, Xing-Chun ; Hu, Guang-Hui ; Guo, Zhui-Feng ; Lai, Peng ; Xu, Liang ; Huang, Tian-Bao ; Xu, Yun-Fei

This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between fruit and vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk. Eligible studies published up to August 2014 were retrieved both through a computer search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library and through a manual review of references. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest intakes of fruits and vegetables were calculated with random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 1 305 patientes atteintes d'un cancer épithélial invasif de l'ovaire (durée médiane de suivi : 4,9 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de paracétamol ou d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (dont l'aspirine) dans les cinq ans précédant le diagnostic et la survie des patientes

Aspirin, nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen and ovarian cancer survival

Nagle, Christina M. ; Ibiebele, Torukiri I. ; Defazio, Anna ; Protani, Melinda M. ; Webb, Penelope M.

Aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to decrease tumor progression in pre-clinical models of ovarian cancer, however the influence of these drugs on survival in women following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is unknown. We included 1305 Australian women diagnosed with incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, recruited into a population-based case–control study. Use of aspirin, nonaspirin NSAIDs and acetaminophen in the 5 years preceding ovarian [...]

Menée in vitro, cette étude évalue l'efficacité chimiopréventive de l'ibuprofène, encapsulé dans des nanoparticules lipidiques solides, et du sulforaphane dans le cancer du pancréas

Evaluation of ibuprofen loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and its combination regimens for pancreatic cancer chemoprevention

Thakkar, A. ; Chenreddy, S. ; Wang, J. ; Prabhu, S.

The objective of the present study was to establish the individual and combined chemopreventive potential of a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen (IBU), encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. The IBU SLNs were optimized using various lipids (Stearic acid, Compritol 888 ATO and Tripalmitin) and surfactants (Poloxamer 188, Tween-80). The synergistic effect of combination of IBU with sulforaphane (SFN) was also [...]

Mené sur 202 patients présentant un ou plusieurs nodules pulmonaires non suspects et bénéficiant d'un contrôle annuel par tomographie numérique à faible dose de rayonnements (durée de suivi : 5 ans), cet essai évalue les effets à long terme du budésonide, un anti-inflammatoire glucocorticoïde administré par inhalation, sur le nombre de nouvelles lésions détectées, la taille des nodules et le nombre de cancers du poumon diagnostiqués

Long-term effects of inhaled budesonide on screening-detected lung nodules

Veronesi, G. ; Lazzeroni, M. ; Szabo, E. ; Brown, P.H. ; DeCensi, A. ; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A. ; Bellomi, M. ; Radice, D. ; Grimaldi, M.C. ; Spaggiari, L. ; Bonanni, B.

Background : A previously performed randomized phase IIb, placebo-controlled trial of one year of inhaled budesonide, that was nested in a lung cancer screening study, showed that non-solid and partially solid lung nodules detected by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), and not immediately suspicious for lung cancer, tended to regress. Because some of these nodules may be slow-growing adenocarcinoma precursors, we evaluated long-term outcomes (after stopping the one year intervention) by [...]

Menée sur 145 743 femmes ménopausées dont 1 902 atteintes d'un cancer du poumon (âge : de 50 à 79 ans) , cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine ou d'autres anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de développer la maladie

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and aspirin use in relation to lung cancer risk among postmenopausal women

Baik, Christina S. ; Brasky, Theodore M. ; Pettinger, Mary ; Luo, Juhua ; Gong, Zhihong ; Wactawski-Wende, Jean ; Prentice, Ross L.

Background : Results from prospective studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may decrease lung cancer risk; however, any protective effect appears to be most evident in men. Methods : We evaluated the associations between NSAID use and lung cancer incidence in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) adjusting for female specific potential confounders such as hormone therapy in addition to smoking histories and other potential confounders. We [...]

Menée en Suède sur une cohorte de 227 535 femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein diagnostiqué entre 1961 et 2010 (âge médian au diagnostic : 63 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation du tamoxifène et le risque de méningiome

Association of tamoxifen with meningioma: a population-based study in Sweden

Ji, Jianguang ; Sundquist, Jan ; Sundquist, Kristina

Previous studies suggest that hormone therapy may play an important role in the development of meningioma. However, it is unclear whether medication with tamoxifen can prevent meningioma. Our study cohort included all women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1961 and 2010, and a total of 227 535 women were identified with breast cancer with a median age at diagnosis of 63 years. Women diagnosed with breast cancer after 1987 were defined as tamoxifen exposed; those diagnosed with [...]

Menée en trois phases à partir d'entretiens ou de questionnaires auprès de 660 fumeurs ou anciens fumeurs, cette étude australienne évalue l'efficacité d'une campagne télévisée antitabac basée sur des messages d'information dévalorisant la pratique du tabagisme

The potential of shame as a message appeal in antismoking television advertisements

Amonini, Claudia ; Pettigrew, Simone ; Clayforth, Cassandra

Background : As smoking is increasingly de-normalised, different messages may become more appropriate for use in tobacco control advertisements to reflect the changing social environment. To date, more commonly used messages have included fear appeals relating to physical health and guilt appeals focusing on the effects of smoking on loved ones. Objective : This study investigated the relative effectiveness of varying advertising appeals to promote smoking cessation. The study was conducted in [...]