Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 20 446 adolescents, cette étude écossaise analyse l'influence de la proximité et du nombre de débits de tabac sur leurs comportements tabagiques

The density of tobacco retailers in home and school environments and relationship with adolescent smoking behaviours in Scotland

Shortt, N K ; Tisch, C ; Pearce, J ; Richardson, E A ; Mitchell, R

Background : Neighbourhood retailing of tobacco products has been implicated in affecting smoking prevalence rates. Long-term smoking usually begins in adolescence and tobacco control strategies have often focused on regulating ‘child spaces’, such as areas in proximity to schools. This cross-sectional study examines the association between adolescent smoking behaviour and tobacco retail outlet density around home and school environments in Scotland. Methods : Data detailing the geographic [...]

Menée à partir de quatre vagues d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2010 et 2013 auprès d'un échantillon de 3 240, 3 097, 3 101 et 3 245 participants, cette étude américaine met en évidence une augmentation de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique chez les fumeurs et non fumeurs

Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Use is Increasing in Both Smokers and Nonsmokers

McMillen, Robert C. ; Gottlieb, Mark A. ; Shaefer, Regina M. Whitmore ; Winickoff, Jonathan P. ; Klein, Jonathan D.

Objectives : We assessed trends in use of electronic cigarettes among U.S. adults, demographic predictors of use, and smoking status of current electronic cigarette users. Methods : Mixed-mode surveys were used to obtain representative, cross-sectional samples of U.S. adults in each of 4 years. Results : Sample sizes for 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 were 3,240, 3,097, 3,101, and 3,245, respectively. Ever use of electronic cigarettes increased from 1.8% (2010) to 13.0% (2013), while current use [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une enquête conduite entre 2012 et 2013 auprès de 4 310 jeunes adultes n'ayant jamais eu de comportement tabagique (âge : de 18 à 29 ans), cette étude américaine analyse leur utilisation de la cigarette électronique et l'influence de ce produit sur leurs perceptions des cigarettes

Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Openness to Cigarette Smoking Among U.S. Young Adults

Coleman, Blair N. ; Apelberg, Benjamin J. ; Ambrose, Bridget K. ; Green, Kerry M. ; Choiniere, Conrad J. ; Bunnell, Rebecca ; King, Brian A.

Introduction : Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), is increasing. One concern is the appeal of these products to youth and young adults and their potential to influence perceptions and use of conventional cigarettes. Methods : Using data from the 2012–2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, characteristics of adults aged 18–29 who had never established cigarette smoking behavior were examined by ever use of e-cigarettes, demographics, [...]

Menée auprès d'une cohorte de 74 723 femmes (durée de suivi : 14 ans), cette étude évalue l'effet du niveau d'activité physique à l'adolescence sur l'association entre le degré de corpulence à 5, 10 et 20 ans et le risque de cancer du sein à l'âge adulte

The interaction between early-life body size and physical activity on risk of breast cancer

Oh, Hannah ; Boeke, Caroline E. ; Tamimi, Rulla M. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Wang, Molin ; Willett, Walter C. ; Eliassen, A. Heather

While early-life body leanness is associated with increased breast cancer risk, early-life physical activity may protect against breast cancer. We examined whether the excess risk among lean girls is modified by their levels of prior, concurrent, or future physical activity. We conducted an analysis among 74,723 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (follow-up 1997–2011). Participants recalled their body size at ages 5, 10 and 20 years in 1989 using a 9-level pictogram (Level 1 most lean). In [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2013 (57 articles, 49 812 cas), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de thé et le risque de cancer

Tea consumption and the incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Zhang, Yu-Fei ; Xu, Qin ; Lu, Jian ; Wang, Peng ; Zhang, Hong-Wei ; Zhou, Li ; Ma, Xiu-Qiang ; Zhou, Yu-Hao

The aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the strength of associations between tea consumption and the incidence of cancer at different sites. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before October 2013. Prospective studies that reported effect estimates of cancer incidence, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for more than two categories of tea consumption were included. We analysed 87 datasets (57 articles), which included a [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en 2013 (24 articles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de compléments alimentaires et le risque de cancer colorectal

Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies

Heine-Bröring, Renate C. ; Winkels, Renate M. ; Renkema, Jacoba M. S. ; Kragt, Lea ; van Orten-Luiten, Anne-Claire B. ; Tigchelaar, Ettje F. ; Chan, Doris S. M. ; Norat, Teresa ; Kampman, Ellen

Use of dietary supplements is rising in countries where colorectal cancer is prevalent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk. We identified relevant studies in Medline, Embase and Cochrane up to January 2013. Original and peer-reviewed papers on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer incidence were included. “Use-no use”(U-NU), “highest-lowest”(H-L) [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude évalue les effets préventifs du carvédilol, un médicament bêta-bloquant, sur la carcinogenèse de la peau

Prevention of skin carcinogenesis by the beta-blocker carvedilol

Chang, Andy ; Yeung, Steven ; Thakkar, Arvind ; Huang, Kevin M ; Liu, Mandy ; Kanassatega, Rhye-Samuel ; Parsa, Cyrus ; Orlando, Robert ; Jackson, Edwin K. ; Andresen, Bradley ; Huang, Ying

The stress-related catecholamine hormones and the α- and β-adrenergic receptors (α- and β-AR) may affect carcinogenesis. The β-AR GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist carvedilol can induce β-AR-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The initial purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol, through activation of EGFR, can promote cancer. Carvedilol failed to promote anchorage-independent growth of JB6 P+ cells, a skin cell model used to study tumor [...]

A partir de l'exemple du cancer du sein, cet article analyse l'intérêt d'utiliser les données concernant les prédispositions génétiques et les facteurs de risque environnementaux pour évaluer le risque de développer un cancer et mettre en place des stratégies de prévention adaptées

Combined Associations of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors: Implications for Prevention of Breast Cancer

Garcia-Closas, Montserrat ; Gunsoy, Necdet Burak ; Chatterjee, Nilanjan

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic susceptibility loci for cancers and other complex diseases. However, the public health and clinical relevance of these discoveries is unclear. Evaluating the combined associations of genetic and environmental risk factors, particularly those that can be modified, will be critical in assessing the utility of genetic information for risk stratified prevention. In this commentary, using breast cancer as a model, we show [...]