Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 1 217 patients atteints d'un carcinome à cellules rénales et 1 235 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique et le risque de développer la maladie chez les Américains d'origine africaine ou européenne

Physical activity and renal cell carcinoma among black and white Americans: a case-control study

Xiao, Qian ; Liao, Linda ; Matthews, Charles ; Chow, Wong-Ho ; Davis, Faith ; Schwartz, Kendra ; Purdue, Mark ; Hofmann, Jonathan ; Colt, Joanne

Background : Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a higher incidence in blacks than in whites. Physical activity may influence the risk of renal cell cancer, but the evidence is inconsistent. No previous study has investigated this relationship in the black population. Methods : We examined the association between self-reported physical activity at different ages and risk of RCC in a population based case-control study of 1217 cases (361 black, 856 white) and 1235 controls (523 black, 712 white) [...]

Menée auprès de 477 312 participants (cohorte EPIC, durée de suivi : 11,6 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de café (avec et sans caféine) ou de thé et le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort study

Sanikini, Harinakshi ; Dik, Vincent K. ; Siersema, Peter D. ; Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala ; Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M. ; Peeters, Petra H. M. ; González, Carlos A. ; Zamora-Ros, Raul ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Roswall, Nina ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Fagherazzi, Guy ; Racine, Antoine ; Kühn, Tilman ; Katzke, Verena ; Boeing, Heiner ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Palli, Domenico ; Grioni, Sara ; Vineis, Paolo ; Tumino, Rosario ; Panico, Salvatore ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Skeie, Guri ; Braaten, Tonje ; Huerta, José María ; Sánchez-Cantalejo, Emilio ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Sonestedt, Emily ; Wallström, Peter ; Nilsson, Lena Maria ; Johansson, Ingegerd ; Bradbury, Kathryn E. ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Huybrechts, Inge ; Freisling, Heinz ; Cross, Amanda J. ; Riboli, Elio ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas

Prospective studies examining the association between coffee and tea consumption and gastric cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. We investigated the association between coffee (total, caffeinated and decaffeinated) and tea consumption and the risk of gastric cancer by anatomical site and histological type in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Coffee and tea consumption were assessed by dietary questionnaires at baseline. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [...]

Menée auprès de 486 799 participants (cohorte EPIC, durée médiane de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude européenne multicentrique évalue l'association entre la consommation de café, de thé ou de café décaféiné et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

Coffee, tea and decaffeinated coffee in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population: Multicentre, prospective cohort study

Bamia, Christina ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Jenab, Mazda ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Fedirko, Veronika ; Aleksandrova, Krasimira ; Pischon, Tobias ; Overvad, Kim ; Olsen, Anja ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Fagherazzi, Guy ; Racine, Antoine ; Kühn, Tilman ; Boeing, Heiner ; Floegel, Anna ; Benetou, Vasiliki ; Palli, Domenico ; Grioni, Sara ; Panico, Salvatore ; Tumino, Rosario ; Vineis, Paolo ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; Dik, Vincent K. ; Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala ; Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Lund, Eiliv ; Quirós, J. Ramón ; Zamora-Ros, Raul ; Molina-Montes, Esther ; Chirlaque, María-Dolores ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Dorronsoro, Miren ; Lindkvist, Björn ; Wallström, Peter ; Nilsson, Lena Maria ; Sund, Malin ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Bradbury, Kathryn E. ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Ferrari, Pietro ; Duarte-Salles, Talita ; Stepien, Magdalena ; Gunter, Marc ; Murphy, Neil ; Riboli, Elio ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios

Inverse associations of coffee and/or tea in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been consistently identified in studies conducted mostly in Asia where consumption patterns of such beverages differ from Europe. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), we identified 201 HCC cases among 486,799 men/women, after a median follow-up of 11 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence in relation to quintiles/categories of [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel la vitamine D, via le micro-ARN miR-498, peut supprimer la stimulation de la croissance tumorale par la leptine et réduire ainsi le risque de cancer gynécologique associé à l'obésité

Vitamin D Suppresses Leptin Stimulation of Cancer Growth through MicroRNA

Kasiappan, Ravi ; Sun, Yuefeng ; Lungchukiet, Panida ; Quarni, Waise ; Zhang, Xiaohong ; Bai, Wenlong

Obesity is a pandemic and major risk factor for cancers. The reduction of obesity would have been an effective strategy for cancer prevention, but the reality is that worldwide obesity has kept increasing for decades, remaining a major avoidable cancer risk secondary only to smoke. The present studies suggest that vitamin D may be an effective agent to reduce obesity-associated cancer risks in women. Molecular analyses showed that leptin increased human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin gnotobiotique, cette étude montre que les fibres alimentaires protègent contre la tumorigenèse colorectale dans des conditions dépendant de la flore commensale et du niveau de butyrate dans l'intestin

A Gnotobiotic Mouse Model Demonstrates that Dietary Fiber Protects Against Colorectal Tumorigenesis in a Microbiota- and Butyrate-Dependent Manner

Donohoe, Dallas R. ; Holley, Darcy ; Collins, Leonard B. ; Montgomery, Stephanie A. ; Whitmore, Alan C. ; Hillhouse, Andrew ; Curry, Kaitlin P. ; Renner, Sarah W. ; Greenwalt, Alicia ; Ryan, Elizabeth P ; Godfrey, Virginia ; Heise, Mark T. ; Threadgill, Deborah S. ; Han, Anna ; Swenberg, James A ; Threadgill, David W. ; Bultman, Scott J.

It is controversial whether dietary fiber protects against colorectal cancer because of conflicting results from human epidemiologic studies. However, these studies and mouse models of colorectal cancer have not controlled the composition of gut microbiota, which ferment fiber into short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Butyrate is noteworthy because it has energetic and epigenetic functions in colonocytes and tumor-suppressive properties in colorectal-cancer cell lines. We utilized [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2014 (19 études), cette étude analyse la relation entre la consommation de différents types d'aliments (poissons, fruits de mer, légumes, fruits, céréales, ...) et le risque de cancer de la thyroïde

Dietary Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Liu, Zhi-Ting ; Lin, Ai-Hua

To better understand the relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk, we summarized the published evidence on relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer incidence. Searching several databases for relevant studies published by March 2014 included a total of 19 studies. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) for each risk factor. Based on the highest level of total consumption vs. the lowest level, the summary OR [95% (confidence interval) CI] of thyroid cancer was [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en août 2013 (31 études, 1 121 649 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque de cancer de la vessie

Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of bladder cancer : a dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies

Yao, Baodong ; Yan, Yujie ; Ye, Xianwu ; Fang, Hong ; Xu, Huilin ; Liu, Yinan ; Li, Sheran ; Zhao, Yanping

Background : Observational studies suggest an association between fruit and vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer, but the results are controversial. Methods : We therefore summarized the evidence from observational studies in categorical, linear, and nonlinear, dose–response meta-analysis. Pertinent studies were identified by searching EMBASE and PubMed from their inception to August 2013. Results : Thirty-one observational studies involving 12,610 cases and 1,121,649 participants were [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'

Eflornithine (DFMO) Prevents Progression of Pancreatic Cancer by Modulating Ornithine Decarboxylase Signaling

Mohammed, Altaf ; Janakiram, Naveena B. ; Madka, Venkateshwar ; Ritchie, Rebekah L. ; Brewer, Misty ; Biddick, Laura ; Patlolla, Jagan Mohan R. ; Sadeghi, Michael ; Lightfoot, Stan ; Steele, Vernon E. ; Rao, Chinthalapally V.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the key rate limiting enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway and it is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. We found that polyamine synthesis and modulation of ODC signaling occurs at early stages of pancreatic precursor lesions and increases as the tumor progresses in Kras activated p48Cre/+-LSL-KrasG12D/+ mice. Interest in use of the ODC inhibitor Eflornithine (DFMO) as a cancer chemopreventive agent has increased in recent years since ODC was shown to be [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle de carcinome épidermoïde du poumon, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel l'honokiol, un composé présent dans l'écorce de Magnolia, inhibe la tumorigenèse en agissant sur la respiration mitochondriale des cellules tumorales

Honokiol Inhibits Lung Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function

Pan, Jing ; Zhang, Qi ; Liu, Qian ; Komas, Steven M ; Kalyanaraman, Balaraman ; Lubet, Ronald A. ; Wang, Yian ; You, Ming

Honokiol is an important bioactive compound found in the bark of Magnolia tree. It is a non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist, and capable of inhibiting the growth of a variety of tumor types both in vitro and in xenograft models. However, to fully appreciate the potential chemopreventive activity of honokiol, a less artificial model system is required. To that end, this study examined the chemopreventive efficacy of honokiol in an initiation model of squamous cell lung cancer (SCC). This model system [...]

Menée en Australie à partir des données de quatre vagues d'enquêtes réalisées sur la période 2005-2011 auprès de 2 560, 1 306, 2 303 puis 2 716 adolescents âgés de 13 à 17 ans, cette étude analyse l'évolution de leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des avertissements sanitaires graphiques imprimés sur les paquets de cigarettes

Graphic health warnings on cigarette packs: how long before the effects on adolescents wear out?

White, Victoria ; Bariola, Emily ; Faulkner, Agatha ; Coomber, Kerri ; Wakefield, Melanie

Introduction : To examine the long-term impact of graphic health warning labels (GHWL) on adolescents’ cognitive processing of warning labels and cigarette pack perceptions. Methods : Cross-sectional school-based surveys of students aged 13 to 17 years residing in urban centers, conducted prior to GHWL introduction (2005) and six-months (2006), two years (2008) and five years (2011) post-GHWL introduction. Students who had seen a cigarette pack in the previous 6 months or in 2006 , who had seen [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes sur l'immunoprévention des cancers, puis présente les futurs axes de recherche

Cancer Immunoprevention - the next frontier

Smit, Marie-Anne D. ; Jaffee, Elizabeth M. ; Lutz, Eric R

Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field, but limited in its success by a high tumor burden and immune tolerance. In contrast, immunoprevention has the potential to prevent cancer prior to the development of immune tolerance, and to prevent cancer recurrence in the setting of minimal residual disease. Although immunoprevention for viral-induced cancers has been successful in the setting of hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccination, primary prevention of nonviral induced cancers [...]

Menée à partir des données 2008-2011 d'un service en ligne d'aide au sevrage tabagique de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud (Australie), cette étude identifie le profil des utilisateurs (n = 43 618) et les raisons expliquant leur motivation pour arrêter de fumer

A profile of callers to the New South Wales Quitline, Australia, 2008 to 2011

Grunseit, Anne C ; Ding, Ding ; Anderson, Caroline ; Crosbie, Debra ; Dunlop, Sally ; Bauman, Adrian

Introduction : One population-level solution to smoking cessation are Quitlines, telephone-based services to aid quitting. Monitoring the profile of Quitline callers in a changing tobacco policy environment is important for informing future policy strategies and identifying target groups to improve the reach and impact of Quitline services. Methods : De-identified data from 43618 new callers to the NSW Quitline, Australia between January 2008 and October 2011 (inclusive) were extracted from he [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant la prévention, la détection précoce et la prise en charge d'un cancer de la prostate à risque faible ou élevé de récidive

Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer

Cuzick, Jack ; Thorat, Mangesh A. ; Andriole, Gerald ; Brawley, Otis W. ; Brown, Powel H. ; Culig, Zoran ; Eeles, Rosalind A. ; Ford, Leslie G. ; Hamdy, Freddie C. ; Holmberg, Lars ; Ilic, Dragan ; Key, Timothy J. ; Vecchia, Carlo La ; Lilja, Hans ; Marberger, Michael ; Meyskens, Frank L. ; Minasian, Lori M. ; Parker, Chris ; Parnes, Howard L. ; Perner, Sven ; Rittenhouse, Harry ; Schalken, Jack ; Schmid, Hans-Peter ; Schmitz-Dräger, Bernd J. ; Schröder, Fritz H. ; Stenzl, Arnulf ; Tombal, Bertrand ; Wilt, Timothy J. ; Wolk, Alicja

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. Lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, exercise, and weight control offer opportunities to reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Early detection of prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial, but changes in the PSA threshold, frequency of screening, and the use of other biomarkers have the potential to minimise the overdiagnosis associated [...]