Menée à partir des données d'une campagne médiatique antitabac réalisée entre 2005 et 2010 en Grande Bretagne, cette étude évalue l'effet de différents types de messages télévisés sur le nombre d'appels vers un service d'aide au sevrage tabagique

How does the emotive content of televised anti-smoking mass media campaigns influence monthly calls to the NHS Stop Smoking helpline in England?

Richardson, Sol ; Langley, Tessa ; Szatkowski, Lisa ; Sims, Michelle ; Gilmore, Anna ; McNeill, Ann ; Lewis, Sarah

Objective : To investigate the effects of different types of televised mass media campaign content on calls to the English NHS Stop Smoking helpline. Method : We used UK government-funded televised tobacco control campaigns from April 2005 to April 2010, categorised as either “positive” (eliciting happiness, satisfaction or hope) or “negative” (eliciting fear, guilt or disgust). We built negative binomial generalised additive models (GAM) with linear and smooth terms for monthly per capita [...]

Menée à partir d'un modèle mathématique incorporant des données d'une enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des adolescents américains, cette étude analyse la relation entre leur niveau d'activité physique et leur comportement tabagique

The Influence of Physical Activity on Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents: Evidence from Add Health

Ali, Mir M. ; Amialchuk, Aliaksandr ; Heller, Lauren R.

Introduction: The paper explored the relationship between physical activity and smoking behavior among adolescents using rich longitudinal survey data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Methods: Several endogeneity-corrected models were estimated to ascertain the effect of exercise on both the probability of being a smoker and the intensity of cigarette smoking. Results: The analysis indicated that one additional weekly occurrence of exercise led to a 0.3% decline in the [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes sur l'association entre la consommation de noix et le risque de cancer, puis présente des mécanismes cellulaires pouvant expliquer les effets des substances issues de la noix sur la progression tumorale

Cancer Chemoprevention With Nuts

Falasca, Marco ; Casari, Ilaria ; Maffucci, Tania

It is well established that increased nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, the association between nut consumption and cancer mortality is less clear. Recent studies have suggested that nut consumption is associated with reduced cancer mortality. This evidence reinforces the interest to investigate the chemopreventive properties of nuts, and it raises questions about the [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2014 (8 études, 11 005 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de calcium consommée et le risque d'adénome colorectal

Calcium intake and colorectal adenoma risk: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Keum, NaNa ; Lee, Dong Hoon ; Greenwood, Darren C. ; Zhang, Xuehong ; Giovannucci, Edward L.

Evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that calcium may protect against recurrence of colorectal adenomas, which could lead to the subsequent prevention of cancer. Yet the trials used only a large single dose and were of small sizes, and thus, knowledge of the dose-response relationship and influence on high-risk adenomas is limited. To address these issues, we conducted linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses primarily based on prospective observational studies published [...]

Menée sur 560 patients atteints d'un carcinome à cellules rénales et sur 1 110 témoins, cette étude européenne évalue l'association entre les niveaux sériques de la 25-hydroxyvitamine D3 et le risque de carcinome à cellules rénales ou le risque de décès après diagnostic de la maladie

Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Relation to Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival in the EPIC Cohort

Muller, David C. ; Fanidi, Anouar ; Midttun, Øivind ; Steffen, Annika ; Dossus, Laure ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Severi, Gianluca ; Kühn, Tilman ; Katzke, Verena ; de la Torre, Ramón Alonso ; González, Carlos A. ; Sánchez, María-José ; Dorronsoro, Miren ; Santiuste, Carmen ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Giotaki, Maria ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Palli, Domenico ; Krogh, Vittorio ; Tumino, Rosario ; Vineis, Paolo ; Panico, Salvatore ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Ljungberg, Börje ; Wennberg, Maria ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Murphy, Neil ; Riboli, Elio ; Ueland, Per Magne ; Boeing, Heiner ; Brennan, Paul ; Johansson, Mattias

Normal renal function is essential for vitamin D metabolism, but it is unclear whether circulating vitamin D is associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We assessed whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was associated with risk of RCC and death after RCC diagnosis in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC recruited 385,747 participants with blood samples between 1992 and 2000. The current study included 560 RCC cases, 557 individually matched [...]

Menée à partir des données 1998-2002 de la base de l'assurance maladie de Taïwan portant sur 395 481 patients présentant un diabète sucré de type 2 (âge supérieur à 40 ans), cette étude montre que l'utilisation de metformine réduit significativement le risque de développer la maladie (durée de suivi : jusqu'en 2009)

Metformin significantly reduces incident prostate cancer risk in Taiwanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Tseng, Chin-Hsiao

Background : Whether metformin therapy affects incident prostate cancer risk in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated. Methods : The National Health Insurance reimbursement database of Taiwanese male patients with new-onset T2DM between 1998 and 2002 and aged ⩾40 years (n = 395,481) were retrieved to follow up prostate cancer incidence until the end of 2009. Metformin was treated as a time-dependent variable. Of the patients studied, 209,269 were [...]

Menée à l'aide de xénogreffes de cancer du côlon sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'acide eicosapentaénoïque, un acide gras oméga 3, peut prévenir le risque de récidive

Omega-3 fatty acid is a potential preventive agent for recurrent colon cancer

Vasudevan, Anita ; Yu, Yingjie ; Banerjee, Sanjeev ; Woods, James ; Farhana, Lulu ; Rajendra, Sindhu G. ; Patel, Aamil ; Dyson, Gregory ; Levi, Edi ; Maddipati, Krishna Rao ; Majumdar, Adhip P. ; Nangia-Makker, Pratima

Increasing evidence supports the contention that many malignancies, including sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), are driven by the self-renewing, chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem/stem-like cells (CSCs/CSLCs) underscoring the need for improved preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs/CSLCs. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (

Menée au Danemark auprès de 15 863 cas et 21 670 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre un traitement par tamoxifène et le risque de cancer du sein controlatéral

Risk of contralateral breast cancer after tamoxifen use among Danish women

Mellemkjær, Lene ; Steding-Jessen, Marianne ; Frederiksen, Kirsten ; Andersson, Michael ; Ejlertsen, Bent ; Jensen, Maj-Britt ; Olsen, Jørgen H.

Purpose : Tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), but little is known about the long-term risk. Methods : From the database under the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), we identified 15,863 users and 21,670 non-users of tamoxifen among women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1977-2007. Information on CBC was obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry and the DBCG database. Cox regression analyses were carried out with estimation of hazard ratios (HR) of CBC. [...]

Mené auprès de 112 fumeurs quotidiens adultes ayant essayé d'arrêter le tabagisme après avoir utilisé, sur une période de 6 semaines, des cigarettes à très faible teneur en nicotine, cet essai évalue l'intérêt de réduire le niveau d'exposition des fumeurs à la nicotine pour faciliter le sevrage tabagique

Greater reductions in nicotine exposure while smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes predict smoking cessation

Dermody, Sarah S ; Donny, Eric C ; Hertsgaard, Louise A ; Hatsukami, Dorothy K

Objective : Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes is a potential regulatory strategy that may enable cessation. The present study investigated the effect of nicotine exposure while smoking very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes on cessation outcomes. The roles of possible sources of nicotine were also explored, including the VLNC cigarette and co-use of cigarettes with normal nicotine content. Methods : A secondary data analysis of two analogous randomised trials of treatment [...]