Menée à partir des données d'une enquête réalisée en 2005 et 2007 auprès de 64 397 adolescents, cette étude américaine évalue leur consommation tabagique en fonction de leur orientation sexuelle ainsi que l'effet de l'appartenance ethnique, du sexe ou de l'âge sur cette consommation

Sexual Orientation Disparities in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: Intersections With Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age

Corliss, Heather L. ; Rosario, Margaret ; Birkett, Michelle A. ; Newcomb, Michael E. ; Buchting, Francisco O. ; Matthews, Alicia K.

Objectives : We examined sexual orientation differences in adolescent smoking and intersections with race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Methods : We pooled Youth Risk Behavior Survey data collected in 2005 and 2007 from 14 jurisdictions; the analytic sample comprised observations from 13 of those jurisdictions (n = 64 397). We compared smoking behaviors of sexual minorities and heterosexuals on 2 dimensions of sexual orientation: identity (heterosexual, gay–lesbian, bisexual, unsure) and gender [...]

Menée à partir de données australiennes sur la période 2002-2011 et de données britanniques sur la période 1992-2011, cette étude analyse la relation entre la durée hebdomaire du travail et le comportement tabagique des salariés

Working time and cigarette smoking: evidence from Australia and the United Kingdom

Angrave, David ; Charlwood, Andy ; Wooden, Mark

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in a range of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and type II diabetes. Theory suggests that working long hours will increase smoking propensities among workers. Consequently there is a significant body of evidence on the relationship between working time and smoking. Results, however, are inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. This paper provides new evidence on how working time affects smoking behaviour using nationally [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 1 506 patients présentant un risque élevé de développer un mélanome et ayant été dirigé vers un dermatologue par un médecin généraliste, cette étude française identifie les facteurs associés au non respect de la prescription

Patients at elevated risk of melanoma: Individual predictors of non-compliance to GP referral for a dermatologist consultation

Rat, Cédric ; Quereux, Gaelle ; Monegier du Sorbier, Marine ; Gaultier, Aurélie ; Bonnaud-Antignac, Angélique ; Khammari, Amir ; Dréno, Brigitte ; Nguyen, Jean Michel

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess whether patients at elevated risk of melanoma attended a dermatologist consultation after a GP referral and to determine individual predictors of non-compliance. Method : This survey included 1506 high-risk French patients (selected using the Self-Assessment Melanoma Risk Score) referred to a dermatologist between April and October 2011. Compliance was evaluated from January to April 2012, based on attendance at a dermatologist consultation (or [...]

Menée auprès de 70 participants possédant un parent au premier degré atteint d'un cancer colorectal et auprès de 113 témoins, cette étude américaine analyse l'évolution de leur comportement alimentaire un mois après une intervention par téléphone et par courrier, comportant des conseils alimentaires personnalisés et une brochure d'informations adaptée aux personnes peu alphabétisées

Differences in Response to a Dietary Intervention Between the General Population and First-Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients

McClish, Donna ; Carcaise-Edinboro, Patrica ; Esinhart, Hali ; Wilson, Diane Baer ; Bean, Melanie K.

Objective : To determine whether response to a dietary intervention is greater among people with family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with a general population. Design : Cohort study examining participants from 2 related studies. Setting : Rural Virginia. Participants : Seventy people with first-degree relatives with CRC and 113 participants from the intervention arm of a trial in the general population. Intervention : Both studies implemented a low-intensity intervention [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 49 613 participantes (durée médiane de suivi : 16,6 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'adhésion à des recommandations en matière de prévention des cancers et le risque de cancer du sein

Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and risk of breast cancer

Catsburg, Chelsea ; Miller, Anthony B. ; Rohan, Thomas E.

Healthy eating patterns and keeping physically active are potentially more important for chronic disease prevention than intake or exclusion of specific food items or nutrients. To this end, many health organizations routinely publish dietary and lifestyle recommendations aimed at preventing chronic disease. Using data from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study, we investigated the association between breast cancer risk and adherence to two sets of guidelines specific for cancer [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 10 166 participantes ayant refusé de subir un examen de dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus, cette étude néerlandaise identifie les raisons expliquant leur non participation à cet examen ainsi que les raisons expliquant leur utilisation ou non du kit d'auto-prélèvement vaginal offert pour effectuer le test HPV

Reasons for non-attendance to cervical screening and preferences for HPV self-sampling in Dutch women

Bosgraaf, Remko P. ; Ketelaars, Pleun J. W. ; Verhoef, Viola M. J. ; Massuger, Leon F. A. G. ; Meijer, Chris J. L. M. ; Melchers, Willem J. G. ; Bekkers, Ruud L. M.

Objectives : High attendance rates in cervical screening are essential for effective cancer prevention. Offering HPV self-sampling to non-responders increases participation rates. The objectives of this study were to determine why non-responders do not attend regular screening, and why they do or do not participate when offered a self-sampling device. Methods : A questionnaire study was conducted in the Netherlands from October 2011 to December 2012. A total of 35,477 non-responders were [...]

Menée sur 338 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 676 témoins sains, cette étude évalue, en fonction du niveau d'adhésion à un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen, l'association entre des habitudes de vie ou l'état de santé des participants et le risque de développer la maladie

Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer in the Context of the Mediterranean Diet: A Case-Control Study

Grosso, Giuseppe ; Biondi, Antonio ; Galvano, Fabio ; Mistretta, Antonio ; Marventano, Stefano ; Buscemi, Silvio ; Drago, Filippo ; Basile, Francesco

Recent evidence demonstrates that increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between health-related characteristics and CRC in the context of the MD. This was a case-control study conducted on a sample of 338 consecutive patients with a first diagnosis of CRC recruited in an urban facility in the city of Catania, southern Italy, and matched with 676 apparently healthy subjects without clinical [...]

Menée auprès de 127 865 participants, cette étude évalue, en fonction du niveau d'expression de la 15 hydroxy-prostaglandine déshydrogénase, l'association entre l'utilisation régulière d'aspirine et le risque de cancer colorectal (270 cas)

Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Relation to the Expression of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase (HPGD)

Fink, Stephen P. ; Yamauchi, Mai ; Nishihara, Reiko ; Jung, Seungyoun ; Kuchiba, Aya ; Wu, Kana ; Cho, Eunyoung ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Ogino, Shuji ; Markowitz, Sanford D. ; Chan, Andrew T.

Aspirin use reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia, at least in part, through inhibition of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase 2)–related pathways. Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (15-PGDH, HPGD) is down-regulated in colorectal cancers and functions as a metabolic antagonist of PTGS2. We hypothesized that the effect of aspirin may be antagonized by low 15-PGDH expression in the normal colon. In the Nurses’ Health Study and [...]

Mené auprès de 1 865 fumeurs, cette étude évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique ou du taux d'utilisation d'un traitement d'appoint à un an (pharmacothérapie ou conseil téléphonique), l'efficacité de quatre modalités d'interventions en ligne pour aider à arrêter de fumer

Exploring the “Active Ingredients” of an Online Smoking Intervention: A Randomized Factorial Trial

McClure, Jennifer B. ; Peterson, Do ; Derry, Holly ; Riggs, Karin ; Saint-Johnson, Jackie ; Nair, Vijay ; An, Lawrence ; Shortreed, Susan M.

Introduction: Research needs to systematically identify which components increase online intervention effectiveness (i.e., “active ingredients”). This study explores the effects of 4 potentially important design features in an Internet-based, population-level smoking intervention. Methods: Smokers (n = 1,865) were recruited from a large health care organization, regardless of readiness to quit. Using a full factorial design, participants were randomized to 1 of the 2 levels of each experimental [...]

Menée auprès de 777 participants, cette étude américaine évalue, en fonction de l'appartenance ou non à une minorité sexuelle, l'efficacité des traitements conventionnels pour arrêter de fumer (bupropion, traitement substitutif nicotinique, conseils...)

Smoking Cessation Outcomes Among Sexual and Gender Minority and Nonminority Smokers in Extended Smoking Treatments

Grady, Eric S. ; Humfleet, Gary L. ; Delucchi, Kevin L. ; Reus, Victor I. ; Muñoz, Ricardo F. ; Hall, Sharon M.

Introduction: Sexual and gender minority individuals (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender [LGBT]) have a higher smoking prevalence than nonminority individuals. There is limited evidence of smoking abstinence success in nontailored smoking treatments in LGBT smokers. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis comparing the efficacy of extended, nontailored treatments among sexual and gender minority and nonminority smokers. Data from two clinical trials were combined to increase [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête nationale réalisée en 2011 auprès de 13 308 adultes à mobilité réduite (âge : 21 à 85 ans), cette étude américaine évalue, en fonction de catégories d'âge, la prévalence du tabagisme dans cette population

Cigarette Smoking Among Adults With Mobility Impairments: A US Population-Based Survey

Borrelli, Belinda ; Busch, Andrew ; Dunsiger, Shira

Objectives : Smokers with mobility impairments have greater health risks than the general population. We report the prevalence of cigarette smoking and quit attempts among people with mobility impairments. Methods : We conducted an analysis of 13 308 adults (aged 21–85 years) with mobility impairments (special ambulatory equipment and difficulty walking 0.25 miles without equipment) responding to the National Health Interview Survey (2011). Results : Among 21- to 44-year-old adults with [...]