A partir d'échantillons de tissu prostatique sain prélévés chez 71 hommes à faible risque de cancer de la prostate et sous surveillance active, cette étude américaine analyse l'association entre une activité physique auto-rapportée et l'expression de gènes impliqués dans diverses voies de signalisation cellulaire

Physical activity and prostate gene expression in men with low-risk prostate cancer

Magbanua, MarkJesusM ; Richman, ErinL ; Sosa, EduardoV ; Jones, LeeW ; Simko, Jeff ; Shinohara, Katsuto ; Haqq, ChristopherM ; Carroll, PeterR ; Chan, JuneM

Purpose : Vigorous physical activity after diagnosis of localized prostate cancer may reduce the risk of disease progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality. The molecular mechanisms by which physical activity may exert protective effects in the prostate remain unknown. Methods : We examined the associations between self-reported physical activity and gene expression patterns in morphologically normal prostate tissue of 71 men with low-risk prostate cancer on active surveillance. [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude de cohorte incluant 70 495 participants (âge : 50 à 76 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation d'acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne, d'origine alimentaire ou en supplémentation, et la mortalité, notamment par cancer, sur la période 2000-2006

Intake of Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids From Diet and Supplements in Relation to Mortality

Bell, Griffith A. ; Kantor, Elizabeth D. ; Lampe, Johanna W. ; Kristal, Alan R. ; Heckbert, Susan R. ; White, Emily

Evidence from experimental studies suggests that the long-chain ω-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have beneficial effects that may lead to reduced mortality from chronic diseases, but epidemiologic evidence is mixed. Our objective was to evaluate whether intake of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids from diet and supplements is associated with cause-specific and total mortality. Study participants (n = 70,495) were members of a cohort study (the Vitamins and Lifestyle Study) [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude de cohorte incluant 32 859 participants âgés de 40 à 79 ans (durée de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude japonaise évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits, de légumes ou d'algues et le risque de cancer du pancréas (137 cas)

Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds (sea vegetables) and pancreatic cancer risk: The Ohsaki Cohort Study

Shigihara, Michiko ; Obara, Taku ; Nagai, Masato ; Sugawara, Yumi ; Watanabe, Takashi ; Kakizaki, Masako ; Nishino, Yoshikazu ; Kuriyama, Shinichi ; Tsuji, Ichiro

Studies on the effects of consumption of fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds on the incidence of pancreatic cancer are not conclusive. We examined the association (if any) between the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds and the risk of pancreatic cancer in Japan. Data from 32,859 participants registered in the Ohsaki National Health Insurance Cohort Study who were 40–79 years old and free of cancer at baseline were analyzed. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds was assessed [...]

Menée à partir d'échantillons sanguins prélevés sur 2 182 patientes ménopausées atteintes d'un cancer du sein (âge : 50 à 74 ans) et à partir d'une méta-analyse (5 études), cette étude évalue, en fonction des caractéristiques tumorales au diagnostic et du mode de vie des patients, l'association entre la concentration d'entérolactone, un métabolite issu de la dégradation des lignanes par la flore intestinale, et la mortalité spécifique ou la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Enterolactone concentrations and prognosis after postmenopausal breast cancer: Assessment of effect modification and meta-analysis

Seibold, Petra ; Vrieling, Alina ; Johnson, Theron S. ; Buck, Katharina ; Behrens, Sabine ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Linseisen, Jakob ; Obi, Nadia ; Heinz, Judith ; Flesch-Janys, Dieter ; Chang-Claude, Jenny

We previously reported that high concentrations of enterolactone, a lignan metabolite, are associated with lower mortality in 1,140 breast cancer patients from Germany. Using an extended set of 2,182 patients aged 50–74 years at diagnosis (2001–2005) and prospectively followed up until 2009, we investigated whether the association with mortality differs by lifestyle factors and tumor characteristics. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de carcinome pulmonaire de Lewis, cette étude montre que la consommation de composés phospholipidiques ou lipidiques d'origine végétale peut réduire la croissance et l'angiogenèse tumorales

Dietary Intake of a Plant Phospholipid/Lipid Conjugate Reduces Lung Cancer Growth and Tumor Angiogenesis

Shuman Moss, Laurie A. ; Jensen-Taubman, Sandra ; Rubinstein, Danielle ; Viole, Gary ; Stetler-Stevenson, William G.

It is well recognized that early detection and cancer prevention are significant armaments in the “war against cancer”. Changes in lifestyle and diet have significant impact on the global incidence of cancer. For over 30 years many investigators have studied the concept of chemoprevention. More recently, with the demonstration that anti-angiogenic activity reduces tumor growth, the concept of angioprevention has emerged as a novel strategy in the deterrence of cancer development [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue la toxicité du polyphénon E (un extrait de thé vert) ainsi que son efficacité pour prévenir la progession d'un cancer de la prostate et le risque de métastase

Safety and chemopreventive effect of Polyphenon E in preventing early and metastatic progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice

Kim, Seung ; Amankwah, Ernest K ; Connors, Shahnjayla ; Park, Hyun Y. ; Rincon, Maria ; Cornnell, Heather H ; Chornokur, Ganna ; Ibrahim-Hashim, Arig ; Choi, Junsung ; Tsai, Ya-Yu ; Engelman, Robert ; Kumar, Nagi B ; Park, Jong Y.

Background : Prostate cancer treatment is often accompanied by untoward side effects. Therefore, chemoprevention to reduce the risk and inhibit the progression of prostate cancer may be an effective approach to reducing disease burden. We investigated the safety and efficacy of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, in reducing the progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. Methods : 119 male TRAMP and 119 C57BL/6J mice were treated orally with one of three doses of Polyphenon E (200, 500, 1,000 [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la curcumine délivrée au moyen d'un implant peut, contrairement à la curcumine d'origine alimentaire, inhiber la carcinogenèse mammaire induite par les estrogènes

Curcumin Implants, not Curcumin Diet Inhibits Estrogen-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in ACI rats

Bansal, Shyam S. ; Kausar, Hina ; Vadhanam, Manicka V. ; Ravoori, Srivani ; Pan, Jianmin ; Rai, Shesh N. ; Gupta, Ramesh C.

Curcumin is widely known for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in cell culture studies. However, poor oral bioavailability limited its efficacy in animal and clinical studies. Recently, we developed polymeric curcumin implants that circumvents oral bioavailability issues, and tested their potential against 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Female ACI rats were administered curcumin either via diet (1,000 ppm) or via polymeric curcumin [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 1 036 familles dont l'enfant le plus âgé a entre 10 et 13 ans, puis auprès de ces mêmes adolescents quatre ans après, cette étude analyse leur réceptivité vis-à-vis de messages publicitaires anti-tabac et l'effet de ces messages sur le taux d'initiation tabagique

Receptivity to cigarette and tobacco control messages and adolescent smoking initiation

Emory, Kristen T ; Messer, Karen ; Vera, Lisa ; Ojeda, Norma ; Elder, John P ; Usita, Paula ; Pierce, John P

Background : Tobacco industry cigarette advertising is associated with increased adolescent smoking, while counter tobacco advertising is associated with reduced smoking. As these campaigns compete for influence, there is a need to understand their inter-relationship on youth smoking. Methods : This study reports data from a national population of families (n=1 036) with an oldest child aged 10–13 years, identified by random digit dialling. Parent and child dyads completed baseline [...]

Menée en Suisse auprès de 70 hommes homosexuels ayant une pratique tabagique, cette étude évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 6 mois, l'efficacité d'un programme, reposant sur l'intervention de pairs, une information sur les traitements nicotiniques de substitution, un test respiratoire permettant de déterminer le taux de monoxyde de carbone et la constitution de groupes de sevrage

Queer quit: a pilot study of a smoking cessation programme tailored to gay men

Dickson-Spillmann, Maria ; Sullivan, Robin ; Zahno, Benedikt ; Schaub, Michael

BACKGROUND : The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adult gay males is higher than that of heterosexuals. There is a need for interventions adapted to gay culture. We conducted a pilot study using a modified version of a British smoking intervention programme tailored to gay men in Switzerland. As the main outcome, we assessed point prevalence smoking abstinence six months following programme attendance. METHODS : Seventy gay smokers attended seven weekly sessions in groups (median size = 5) [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis auprès de 632 participants (âge : 25 à 80 ans ; 60 % de femmes), cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité de conseils téléphoniques personnalisés pour augmenter le taux de participation au dépistage du cancer colorectal par coloscopie chez les personnes possédant au moins un parent au premier degré atteint par la maladie et âgé de moins de 60 ans

A randomized trial to increase colonoscopy screening in members of high risk families in the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry and Cancer Genetics Network

Lowery, Jan T. ; Horick, Nora ; Kinney, Anita Y. ; Finkelstein, Dianne M. ; Garrett, Kathleen ; Haile, Robert W. ; Lindor, Noralane M. ; Newcomb, Polly A. ; Sandler, Robert S. ; Burke, Carol A. ; Hill, Deirdre A. ; Ahnen, Dennis J.

Background : Individuals with a strong family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) have significant risk for CRC, though adherence to colonoscopy screening in these groups remains low. This study assessed whether a tailored, telephone counseling intervention can increase adherence to colonoscopy in members of high risk families in a randomized, controlled trial. Methods : Eligible participants were recruited from two national cancer registries if they had a first-degree relative with CRC under [...]

Cet article passe en revue les facteurs de risque associés à un cancer du sein controlatéral et analyse l'intérêt d'une mastectomie bilatérale pour réduire la mortalité chez les patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein unilatéral

Bilateral breast cancers

Narod, Steven A.

An increasingly large proportion of women with unilateral breast cancer are treated with bilateral mastectomy. The rationale behind bilateral surgery is to prevent a second primary breast cancer and thereby to avoid the resultant therapy and eliminate the risk of death from contralateral breast cancer. Bilateral mastectomy has been proposed to benefit women at high risk of contralateral cancer, such as carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, but for women without such mutations, the decision to [...]