Menée à partir des données 2010-2011 d'une enquête canadienne portant sur un échantillon de 15 875 lycéens n'ayant jamais fumé, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de boissons alcoolisées mélangées à des boissons énergisantes et une susceptibilité au tabagisme

Is alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption associated with susceptibility to smoking ?

Azagba, Sunday ; Sharaf, Mesbah F.

Objective : This paper examines whether adolescent students in Canada who have never smoked but who drink alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) are more susceptible to smoking than those who do not consume AmED. Methods : A nationally representative sample of 15,875 never-smoking students in grades 9 to 12 from the 2010–2011 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey is used. The association between AmED and susceptibility to smoking is examined using a logistic regression. Results : About 28% of the [...]

Mené auprès de 4 104 fumeurs ou ancien fumeurs, cet essai danois d'une durée de 5 ans évalue l'impact d'un programme annuel de dépistage du cancer du poumon par tomographie numérique à faible dose de rayonnements sur leurs comportements tabagiques

Smoking habits in the randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial with low-dose CT: final results after a 5-year screening programme

Ashraf, Haseem ; Saghir, Zaigham ; Dirksen, Asger ; Pedersen, Jesper Holst ; Thomsen, Laura Hohwü ; Døssing, Martin ; Tønnesen, Philip

Background : We present the final results of the effect of lung cancer screening with low-dose CT on the smoking habits of participants in a 5-year screening trial. Methods : The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST) was a 5-year screening trial that enrolled 4104 subjects; 2052 were randomised to annual low-dose CT (CT group) and 2052 received no intervention (control group). Participants were current and ex-smokers (≥4 weeks abstinence from smoking) with a tobacco consumption of ≥20 pack [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 565 personnes ayant subi une coloscopie et auprès de 460 partenaires de vie (âge moyen : 60,8 ans ; 57 % d'hommes et 43 % de femmes), cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'évolution de leurs comportements de santé 10 mois après l'examen

Do health behaviours change after colonoscopy? A prospective cohort study on diet, alcohol, physical activity and smoking among patients and their partners

Hubbard, Gill ; Brown, Alistair ; Campbell, Anna ; Campbell, Neil ; Diament, Bob ; Fielding, Shona ; Forbat, Liz ; Masson, Lindsey F ; O'Carroll, Ronan ; Stein, Kevin ; Morrison, David S

Objectives : To describe diet, alcohol, physical activity and tobacco use prospectively, that is, before and 10 months after colonoscopy for patients and their partners. Design : Prospective cohort study of health behaviour change in patients and partners. Comparison groups are patients receiving a normal result notification (NRN) versus patients receiving an abnormal result notification (ARN). Patients and partners (controls) are also compared. Setting 5 Scottish hospitals. Participants : Of [...]

Menée sur des cellules cancéreuses du sein, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel la curcumine, en induisant l'expression du micro-ARN 181b, peut réguler l'expression des cytokines inflammatoires CXCL1 et -2 et inhiber le processus métastatique des cellules tumorales

miR181b is induced by the chemopreventive polyphenol curcumin and inhibits breast cancer metastasis via down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2

Kronski, Emanuel ; Fiori, Micol E. ; Barbieri, Ottavia ; Astigiano, Simonetta ; Mirisola, Valentina ; Killian, Peter H. ; Bruno, Antonino ; Pagani, Arianna ; Rovera, Francesca ; Pfeffer, Ulrich ; Sommerhoff, Christian P. ; Noonan, Douglas M. ; Nerlich, Andreas G. ; Fontana, Laura ; Bachmeier, Beatrice E.

Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the development and metastatic progression of cancer. We have previously reported that the chemopreventive polyphenol Curcumin inhibits the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 leading to diminished formation of breast and prostate cancer metastases. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of Curcumin on miRNA expression and its correlation to the anti-tumorigenic properties of this natural occurring polyphenol. [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que le raloxifène (un modulateur sélectif des récepteurs des œstrogènes) et la gonadoréline (un anti-œstrogène) peuvent inhiber la tumorigenèse intestinale en agissant sur les cellules immunitaires et en réduisant le nombre de cellules similaires aux cellules souches

Raloxifene and anti-estrogenic Gonadorelin inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis by modulating immune cells and decreasing stem like cells

Janakiram, Naveena B. ; Mohammed, Altaf ; Brewer, Misty ; Bryant, Taylor ; Biddick, Laura ; Lightfoot, Stan ; Pathuri, Gopal ; Gali, Hariprasad ; Rao, Chinthalapally V.

Studies suggest that estrogen plays a contributing role in colorectal cancer (CRC). This project examined the preventive effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and gonadorelin, an anti-estrogenic drug, in female ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Six-week-old ApcMin/+mice were fed diet containing 1 ppm raloxifene or control diet. Gonadorelin (150ng/mouse) was injected subcutaneously into one treatment group. Intestinal tumors were evaluated for tumor [...]

Menée sur des cellules murines ou humaines de mésothéliome malin, cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels la curcumine induit la pyroptose des cellules tumorales et réprime l'expression de gènes impliqués dans des processus inflammatoires

Curcumin: A Double Hit on Malignant Mesothelioma

Miller, Jill M. ; Thompson, Joyce K. ; MacPherson, Maximilian B. ; Beuschel, Stacie L. ; Westbom, Catherine M. ; Sayan, Mutlay ; Shukla, Arti

Inflammation is a key mediator in the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM) which has a dismal prognosis and poor therapeutic strategies. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol in turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-carcinogenic properties through its anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammasomes, a component of inflammation, control the activation of caspase-1 leading to pyroptosis and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In the present study, we [...]

Menés sur 34 patients présentant une naevomatose basocellulaire (durée maximale de suivi : 3 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité du tazarotène, un rétinoïde topique acétylénique, dans la prévention et le traitement d'un carcinome basocellulaire

Tazarotene: Randomized, Double Blind, Vehicle-Controlled and Open-Label Concurrent Trials for Basal Cell Carcinoma Prevention and Therapy in Patients with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome

Tang, Jean Y. ; Chiou, Albert S. ; Mackay-Wiggan, Julian M. ; Aszterbaum, Michelle ; Chanana, Anita M ; Lee, Wayne ; Lindgren, Joselyn ; Acosta Raphael, Maria ; Thompson, Bobbye J. ; Bickers, David R. ; Epstein, Ervin

Sporadic human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are generally well managed with current surgical modalities. However in the subset of high-risk patients predisposed to developing large numbers of BCCs, there is an unmet need for effective, low morbidity chemoprevention. This population includes fair-skinned patients with extensive sun exposure and those with genodermatoses such as the basal cell nevus (Gorlin) syndrome (BCNS). Tazarotene (Tazorac, Allergan) is a topical retinoid with relative [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire de cellules épithéliales bronchiques, cette étude montre que l'expression des histones désacétylases de classe I, induite par de faibles doses d'agents carcinogènes du tabac et associée au processus de transformation oncogénique via la stabilisation des ADN méthyltransférases de type 1, peut constituter une cible dans la chimioprévention du cancer du poumon

Class I HDACs are mediators of smoke-carcinogen induced stabilization of DNMT1 and serve as promising targets for chemoprevention of lung cancer

Brodie, Seth A. ; Li, Ge ; El-Kommos, Adam ; Kang, Hyunseok ; Ramalingam, Suresh S. ; Behera, Madhusmita ; Gandhi, Khanjan ; Kowalski, Jeanne ; Sica, Gabriel L. ; Khuri, Fadlo R. ; Vertino, Paula M ; Brandes, Johann C.

DNA methylation is an early event in bronchial carcinogenesis and increased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 protein expression is a crucial step in the oncogenic transformation of epithelia. Here, we investigate the role of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1-3 in the stabilization of DNMT1 protein and as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer chemoprevention. Long-term exposure of immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3KT) to low doses of tobacco-related carcinogens led to [...]

Menée auprès de 740 fumeurs âgés de 18 à 30 ans, cette étude analyse l'impact d'illustrations et de messages anti-tabac, ainsi que de paquets de cigarettes "neutres" sur leur envie d'arrêter de fumer

Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

Mays, Darren ; Niaura, Raymond S ; Evans, W Douglas ; Hammond, David ; Luta, George ; Tercyak, Kenneth P

Objective : This study examined the impact of pictorial cigarette-warning labels, warning-label message framing and plain cigarette packaging, on young adult smokers’ motivation to quit. Methods : Smokers aged 18–30 years (n=740) from a consumer research panel were randomised to one of four experimental conditions where they viewed online images of four cigarette packs with warnings about lung disease, cancer, stroke/heart disease and death, respectively. Packs differed across conditions by [...]

Mené en Italie auprès de 989 lycéens âgés de 14 à 15 ans, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité d'un programme d'interventions comportant des ateliers pédagogiques et une surveillance renforcée de l'application de la politique antitabac dans l'établissement pour réduire le nombre de fumeurs réguliers et le tabagisme au lycée

Effectiveness of a school-based multi-component smoking prevention intervention: The LdP cluster randomized controlled trial

GORINI, Giuseppe ; CARRERAS, Giulia ; Bosi, Sandra ; Tamelli, Marco ; Monti, Claudia ; Storani, Simone ; Martini, Andrea ; Allara, Elias ; Angelini, Paola ; Faggiano, Fabrizio

Objective : We assessed the effectiveness of the LdP school-based smoking prevention programme. Methods : We undertook a cluster randomized controlled trial of 989 students aged 14–15 years in 13 secondary schools located in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The intervention consisted of the "Smoking Prevention Tour" (SPT) out-of-school workshop, one in-depth lesson on one SPT topic, a life-skills peer-led intervention, and enforcement surveillance of school antismoking policy. Self-reported past 30-day [...]

Mené auprès de 265 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein, cette étude néerlandaise évalue l'impact d'un test génétique et d'une consultation de conseil génétique avant traitement chirurgical sur la décision de subir rapidement ou ultérieurement une mastectomie prophylactique controlatérale chez les patientes présentant une mutation du gène BRCA1 ou BRCA2

Impact of rapid genetic counselling and testing on the decision to undergo immediate or delayed prophylactic mastectomy in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients: findings from a randomised controlled trial

Wevers, M. R. ; Aaronson, N. K. ; Verhoef, S. ; Bleiker, E. M. A. ; Hahn, D. E. E. ; Kuenen, M. A. ; van der Sanden-Melis, J. ; Brouwer, T. ; Hogervorst, F. B. L. ; van der Luijt, R. B. ; Valdimarsdottir, H. B. ; van Dalen, T. ; Theunissen, E. B. M. ; van Ooijen, B. ; de Roos, M. A. ; Borgstein, P. J. ; Vrouenraets, B. C. ; Vriens, E. ; Bouma, W. H. ; Rijna, H. ; Vente, J. P. ; Witkamp, A. J. ; Rutgers, E. J. T. ; Ausems, M. G. E. M.

Background : Female breast cancer patients with a BRCA1/2 mutation have an increased risk of contralateral breast cancer. We investigated the effect of rapid genetic counselling and testing (RGCT) on choice of surgery. Methods : Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with at least a 10% risk of a BRCA1/2 mutation were randomised to an intervention group (offer of RGCT) or a control group (usual care; ratio 2:1). Primary study outcomes were uptake of direct bilateral mastectomy (BLM) and delayed [...]