Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude identifie les facteurs associés au tabagisme chez les fumeurs adultes présentant un déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité (61 cas et 89 témoins)

Smoking Motivation in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives

Mitchell, John T. ; McIntyre, Elizabeth M. ; McClernon, F. Joseph ; Kollins, Scott H.

Introduction : Smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from smokers without ADHD across a range of smoking outcomes (e.g., higher prevalence rates of smoking, faster progression to regular smoking, and greater difficulty quitting). Moreover, ADHD as a disorder has been characterized by deficits in fundamental motivational processes. To date, few studies have examined how motivation for smoking might differ between nicotine-dependent individuals with and without ADHD. [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre qu'un régime alimentaire riche en 4-vinyl-2,6-diméthoxyphénol, un composé présent dans l'huile de canola (une variété de colza), peut prévenir la survenue de maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin et réduire le risque de carcinogenèse liée à une colite

Protection from inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated carcinogenesis with 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (canolol) involve suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines

Fang, Jun ; Seki, Takahiro ; Tsukamoto, Tetsuya ; Qin, Haibo ; Yin, Hongzhuan ; Liao, Long ; Nakamura, Hideaki ; Maeda, Hiroshi

Oxidative stress is associated with various pathological processes including inflammatory bowel disease, which is a major cause of colon cancer. Here, we examined the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (canolol), a potent antioxidant compound obtained from crude canola oil. Oral administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) resulted in the progression of colitis with shortening of the large bowel length. Administering a diet containing canolol [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 66 741 participants (durée de suivi : 9 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation à long terme de statines et le risque de cancer de la prostate (1 813 cas)

Statin use and incident prostate cancer risk: does the statin brand matter? A population-based cohort study

Lustman, A. ; Nakar, S. ; Cohen, A. D. ; Vinker, S.

Background : Statins have known anticarcinogenic effects ; evidence for long-term statin use as effective chemoprevention for prostate cancer is inconsistent. Methods : We conducted a population-based cohort study to examine the association between statin use and risk of prostate cancer using the Database of Clalit Health Services. A total of 66 741 eligible participants were identified at 1 January 2001 and followed through to 31 December 2009. Cox proportional hazard models were used to [...]

Menée à l'aide d'une xénogreffe sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'administration orale de nanoparticules de chitosane contenant de l'épigallocatéchine-3-gallate de thé vert peut inhiber la croissance des cellules cancéreuses de la prostate

Oral administration of naturally occurring chitosan based nanoformulated green tea polyphenol EGCG effectively inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in a xenograft model

Khan, Naghma ; Bharali, Dhruba J. ; Adhami, Vaqar M. ; Siddiqui, Imtiaz A. ; Cui, Huadong ; Shabana, Sameh M. ; Mousa, Shaker A. ; Mukhtar, Hasan

In preclinical animal models, several phytochemicals have shown excellent potential to be used as effective agents in preventing and treating many cancers. However, the limited bioavailability of active agents could be one reason for their limited usefulness for human consumption. To overcome this limitation, we recently introduced the concept of nanochemoprevention by encapsulating useful bioactive food components for their slow and sustained release. Here we report the synthesis, [...]

Menée auprès de 76 participants présentant une addiction modérée au tabagisme, cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un programme d'interventions comportant, avant un traitement susbstitutif nicotinique, au moins 4 séances d'exposition à des images stimulant l'envie de fumer et 6 consultations pour réduire l'envie de fumer associée à l'environnement social et réduire le risque de récidive

Decline in Cue-Provoked Craving During Cue Exposure Therapy for Smoking Cessation

Unrod, Marina ; Drobes, David J. ; Stasiewicz, Paul R. ; Ditre, Joseph W. ; Heckman, Bryan ; Miller, Ralph R. ; Sutton, Steven K. ; Brandon, Thomas H.

Introduction : Based on the principles of Pavlovian learning and extinction, cue exposure therapy (CET) involves repeated exposure to substance-associated cues to extinguish conditioned cravings and reduce the likelihood of relapse. The efficacy of CET is predicated on successful extinction, yet the process of extinction in CET trials has rarely been demonstrated. This study explored the extinction process using a cue-reactivity paradigm in smokers undergoing multiple CET sessions as part of a [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre janvier 1950 et avril 2013 (29 études), cette étude identifie les programmes d'interventions incitant au sevrage tabagique chez les minorités ethniques d'origine africaine, chinoise ou sud-asiatique, puis évalue leur acceptabilité et leur efficacité

Smoking Cessation Interventions for Ethnic Minority Groups – A systematic review of adapted interventions

Liu, Jing Jing ; Wabnitz, Cecile ; Davidson, Emma ; Bhopal, Raj S. ; White, Martin ; Johnson, Mark R. D. ; Netto, Gina ; Sheikh, Aziz

Objective : Existing smoking cessation interventions tend to be under utilized by ethnic minority groups. We sought to identify smoking cessation interventions that have been adapted to meet the needs of African-, Chinese- and South Asian-origin populations, to increase understanding of the approaches used to promote behavior change, to assess their acceptability to the target populations, and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods : Two reviewers independently searched for, identified, [...]

Cet article fait le point sur la relation entre l'activité physique, la nutrition et la régulation du stress oxydant dans le cancer du poumon

Lung cancer: What are the links with oxidative stress, physical activity and nutrition

Filaire, Edith ; Dupuis, Carmen ; Galvaing, Géraud ; Aubreton, Sylvie ; Laurent, Hélène ; Richard, Ruddy ; Filaire, Marc

Oxidative stress appears to play an essential role as a secondary messenger in the normal regulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as apoptosis, survival, and proliferative signaling pathways. Oxidative stress also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including aging, degenerative disease, and cancer. Among cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the Western world. Lung cancer is the commonest fatal cancer whose risk is dependent on the [...]