Menée sur 2 217 patients américains de type africain ou caucasien et atteints d'un cancer de la prostate récemment diagnostiqué (âge : 40 à 70 ans), cette étude montre que l'adhésion aux recommandations du World cancer Research Fund en matière de comportements de santé réduit le risque de cancer agressif de la prostate

Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Lifestyle Recommendations Reduces Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Among African and Caucasian Americans

Arab, Lenore ; Su, Joseph ; Steck, Susan E. ; Ang, Alfonso ; Fontham, Elizabeth T. H. ; Bensen, Jeannette T. ; Mohler, James L.

The effect of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) lifestyle recommendations on cancer aggressiveness is unknown. We examined associations between adherence to recommendations and risk of highly aggressive prostate cancer in research subjects enrolled in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). We examined associations between adherence to WCRF recommendations and risk of highly aggressive prostate cancer among 2212 newly diagnosed African Americans (AA) or [...]

Menée sur une cohorte finlandaise incluant 27 037 hommes ayant une pratique tabagique (âge : 50 à 69 ans, durée de suivi : 24 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction des méthodes de préparation et de facteurs de risque préexistants, l'effet de la consommation de café sur le risque de cancer du foie et sur la mortalité par maladie chronique du foie

The association of coffee intake with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in male smokers

Lai, G. Y. ; Weinstein, S. J. ; Albanes, D. ; Taylor, P. R. ; McGlynn, K. A. ; Virtamo, J. ; Sinha, R. ; Freedman, N. D.

Background : Coffee intake is associated with reduced risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease as reported in previous studies, including prospective ones conducted in Asian populations where hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) and hepatitis C viruses (HCVs) are the dominant risk factors. Yet, prospective studies in Western populations with lower HBV and HCV prevalence are sparse. Also, although preparation methods affect coffee constituents, it is unknown whether different methods affect disease [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 898 patients atteints d'un cancer avancé de la prostate et de 1 176 témoins inclus dans une cohorte de 58 279 hommes (âge : 55 à 69 ans ; durée de suivi : 17,3 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre le taux de sélénium mesuré dans les ongles des orteils et le risque de développer la maladie

Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in Relation to Toenail Selenium Levels

Geybels, Milan S. ; Verhage, Bas A.J. ; van Schooten, Frederik J. ; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra ; van den Brandt, Piet A.

Background : Selenium may prevent advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but most studies on this topic were conducted in populations with moderate to high selenium status. We investigated the association of toenail selenium, reflecting long-term selenium exposure, and advanced PCa risk in a population from the Netherlands where low selenium status is widespread. Methods : The analysis was conducted in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, which included 58 279 men aged 55 to 69 years at baseline [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature jusqu'en février 2012 (8 études, 10 cohortes comportant au total 3 477 cas et 7 039 témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre les concentrations de folate circulant et le risque de cancer colorectal

Quantifying the Dose-Response Relationship Between Circulating Folate Concentrations and Colorectal Cancer in Cohort Studies: A Meta-Analysis Based on a Flexible Meta-Regression Model

Chuang, Shu-Chun ; Rota, Matteo ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne ; Eussen, Simone J.P.M. ; Vollset, Stein Emil ; Ueland, Per Magne ; Norat, Teresa ; Ziegler, Regina G. ; Vineis, Paolo

Most epidemiologic studies on folate intake suggest that folate may be protective against colorectal cancer, but the results on circulating (plasma or serum) folate are mostly inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies nested within prospective studies on circulating folate and colorectal cancer risk by using flexible meta-regression models to test the linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships. A total of 8 publications (10 cohorts, representing 3,477 cases and [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 14 645 hommes et 22 467 femmes (durée moyenne de suivi : 15 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamines B (B6, B9, B12) et de méthionine d'origine alimentaire, et le risque de cancer colorectal (910 cas)

Dietary Intake of B Vitamins and Methionine and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Bassett, Julie K. ; Severi, Gianluca ; Hodge, Allison M. ; Baglietto, Laura ; Hopper, John L. ; English, Dallas R. ; Giles, Graham G.

B vitamins are involved in 1-carbon metabolism, which is necessary for DNA replication, DNA repair, and regulation of gene expression. Recent studies suggest inverse associations between folate and vitamin B6 intakes and colorectal cancer risk but associations with other B vitamins and methionine have not been widely studied. After following 14,645 men and 22,467 women for 15 yr on average, we ascertained 910 incident colorectal cancers. Dietary intakes were estimated using a 121-item food [...]

Mené sur 1 884 participantes récemment ménopausées (durée moyenne de suivi : 6,2 ans), cet essai de phase III évalue l'intérêt d'ajouter une faible dose de tamoxifène à un traitement hormonal substitutif pour réduire le risque de cancer du sein

A phase-III prevention trial of low-dose tamoxifen in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy users: the HOT study

DeCensi, A. ; Bonanni, B. ; Maisonneuve, P. ; Serrano, D. ; Omodei, U. ; Varricchio, C. ; Cazzaniga, M. ; Lazzeroni, M. ; Rotmensz, N. ; Santillo, B. ; Sideri, M. ; Cassano, E. ; Belloni, C. ; Muraca, M. ; Segnan, N. ; Masullo, P. ; Costa, A. ; Monti, N. ; Vella, A. ; Bisanti, L. ; D'Aiuto, G. ; Veronesi, U. ; for the Italian HOT Study Group

Background : Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) relieves menopausal symptoms and may decrease mortality in recently postmenopausal women, but increases breast cancer risk. Low-dose tamoxifen has shown retained activity in phase-II studies. Methods : We conducted a phase-III trial in 1884 recently postmenopausal women on HRT who were randomly assigned to either tamoxifen, 5 mg/day, or placebo for 5 years. The primary end point was breast cancer incidence. Results : After 6.2 ± 1.9 [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en novembre 2012 (8 études de cohorte, 9 études cas-témoins, 10 618 cas au total), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (acétaminophène, aspirine, ...) et le risque de cancer de la vessie

Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies

Zhang, Haifeng ; Jiang, Dongpeng ; Li, Xuedong

Purpose : Several epidemiologic studies have evaluated the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and bladder cancer risk and the results were varied. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies exclusively dedicated to the relationship between the 3 most commonly used analgesics and bladder cancer risk. Methods : A systematic literature search up to November 2012 was performed in PubMed database for 3 categories of analgesics: acetaminophen, aspirin [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les stratégies de prévention pouvant être mises en place pour réduire le risque de cancer de l'estomac lié à Helicobacter pylori

Eradication of gastric cancer is now both possible and practical

Shiotani, Akiko ; Cen, Putao ; Graham, David Y.

In 1994 Helicobacter pylori was declared a human carcinogen. Evidence has now accumulated to show that at least 95% of gastric cancers are etiologically related to H. pylori. An extensive literature regarding atrophic gastritis and its effects on acid secretion, gastric microflora, and its tight association with gastric cancer has been rediscovered, confirmed, and expanded. Methods to stratify cancer risk based on endoscopic and histologic findings or serologic testing of pepsinogen levels and [...]

Menée en Australie à partir d'une enquête auprès de 536 fumeurs, cette étude analyse l'effet des paquets de cigarettes "neutres" sur leur désir de fumer et leurs intentions d'arrêter le tabagisme

Introduction effects of the Australian plain packaging policy on adult smokers: a cross-sectional study

Wakefield, Melanie A ; Hayes, Linda ; Durkin, Sarah ; Borland, Ron

Objective : To determine whether smokers smoking from packs required under Australia's plain packaging law had different smoking beliefs and quitting thoughts, compared with those still smoking from branded packs. Design : Cross-sectional survey during the roll-out phase of the law, analysed by timing of survey. Setting : Australian state of Victoria, November 2012. Participants : 536 cigarette smokers with a usual brand, of whom 72.3% were smoking from a plain pack and 27.7% were smoking from [...]

Mené sur 48 patientes atteintes d'un cancer non invasif de la vessie (âge : 50 à 80 ans), cet essai évalue la faisabilité d'un programme d'interventions reposant sur des conseils diététiques par téléphone ou par internet pour augmenter la consommation de légumes chez les patientes et réduire le risque de récidive ou de progression de la maladie

A Randomized Pilot Trial of Dietary Modification for Non-invasive Bladder Cancer: The Dietary Intervention in Bladder Cancer Study (DIBS)

Parsons, J. Kellogg ; Pierce, John P. ; Natarajan, Loki ; Newman, Vicky A. ; Barbier, Leslie ; Mohler, James ; Rock, Cheryl L. ; Heath, Dennis ; Guru, Khurshid ; Jameson, Michael ; Li, Hongying ; Mirheydar, Hossein ; Holmes, Michael ; Marshall, James R.

Epidemiological data suggest robust associations of high vegetable intake with decreased risks of bladder cancer incidence and mortality, but translational prevention studies have yet to be performed. We designed and tested a novel intervention to increase vegetable intake in patients with non-invasive bladder cancer. We randomized 48 patients aged 50 to 80 years with biopsy-proven non-invasive (Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ) urothelial cell carcinoma to telephone- and Skype-based dietary [...]