A partir d'une revue de la littérature (3 études de cohorte et 7 études cas-témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de légumes crucifères et le risque de carcinome à cellules rénales

Cruciferous Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Liu, Ben ; Mao, Qiqi ; Wang, Xiao ; Zhou, Feng ; Luo, Jindan ; Wang, Chaojun ; Lin, Yiwei ; Zheng, Xiangyi ; Xie, Liping

Previous cohort and case-control studies on the association between cruciferous vegetables consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma have illustrated conflicting results so far. To demonstrate the potential association between them, a meta-analysis was performed. Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest consumption of cruciferous vegetables were [...]

Nichée dans une étude de cohorte canadienne incluant 119 315 hommes présentant un diabète (âge : 66 ans et plus), cette étude rétrospective évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la metformine (un antidiabétique oral), le risque de cancer de la prostate et le grade associé (5 306 cas et 26 530 témoins)

Association Between Metformin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer and Its Grade

Margel, David ; Urbach, David ; Lipscombe, Lorraine L. ; Bell, Chaim M. ; Kulkarni, Girish ; Austin, Peter C. ; Fleshner, Neil

Background : Metformin is commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that it may possess antitumoral properties. The aim of this study was to test the association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer and its grade among men with diabetes. Methods : Data were obtained from population-based health-care administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. This retrospective cohort study used a nested case–control approach to examine the relationship between [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe sur deux modèles murins, cette étude montre que l'acide 5-aminosalicylique a un effet chimiopréventif sur la carcinogenèse colorectale par l'intermédiaire du récepteur PPARγ

The 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) anti-neoplastic effect in the intestine is mediated by PPARγ

Rousseaux, Christel ; El-Jamal, Noura ; Fumery, Mathurin ; Dubuquoy, Caroline ; Romano, Olivier ; Chatelain, Denis ; Langlois, Audrey ; Bertin, Benjamin ; Buob, David ; Colombel, Jean-Frédéric ; Cortot, Antoine ; Desreumaux, Pierre ; Dubuquoy, Laurent

BACKGROUND : Epidemiological evidences suggested that 5-ASA therapy may prevent the development of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our aim is to investigate whether PPARγ mediates the anti-neoplastic effects of 5-ASA. METHODS : HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were treated by 5-ASA, rosiglitazone (PPARγ ligand), or etoposide (anti-carcinogenic drug, topoisomerase II inhibitor). Epithelial cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell count, Ki-67 staining [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de tumorigenèse du côlon et de l'intestin grêle, cette étude évalue l'activité chimiopréventive et la toxicité d'un hétéro-caroténoïde appelé SHetA2

Chemoprevention of Colon and Small Intestinal Tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ Mice by SHetA2 (NSC721689) without Toxicity

Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina ; Guruswamy, Suresh ; Wang, Yuhong ; Sun, Zhongjie ; Mohammed, Altaf ; Zhang, Yuting ; Li, Qian ; Rao, Chinthalapally V.

The occurrence of intestinal polyps in people at high risk for developing colorectal cancer provides an opportunity to test the efficacy of chemoprevention agents. In this situation of treating otherwise healthy people, the potential for toxicity must be minimal. The small molecule flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het), called SHetA2, has chemoprevention activity in organotypic cultures in vitro and lack of toxicity at doses capable of inhibiting xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The objective of [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin transgénique, cette étude montre que l'administration orale d'un analogue de la vitamine D jumelée, d'un triterpénoïde synthétique ou d'une combinaison des deux peut inhiber la tumorigenèse mammaire liée à la surexpression du récepteur ErbB2

Oral administration of a Gemini vitamin D analog, a triterpenoid and the combination prevents mammary tumorigenesis driven by ErbB2 overexpression

So, Jae-Young ; Wahler, Joseph ; Yoon, Taesook ; Smolarek, Amanda K. ; Lin, Yong ; Shih, Weichung J. ; Maehr, Hubert ; Uskokovic, Milan ; Liby, Karen T. ; Sporn, Michael B. ; Suh, Nanjoo

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 or ErbB2), a member of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in approximately 20 % of human breast cancer, and the ErbB2 signaling pathway is a critical therapeutic target for ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer. We investigated the inhibitory effects of the Gemini vitamin D analog BXL0124, the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im and the combination on the tumorigenesis of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer. MMTV-ErbB2/neu transgenic mice were [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les avancées récentes concernant la chimioprévention du cancer de l'endomètre chez les patientes atteintes d'un syndrome de Lynch

Chemoprevention of Endometrial Cancer in Lynch Syndrome : A Step Forward

Stoffel, Elena ; Walsh, Christine

Lynch Syndrome (LS) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes. Although LS is associated with increased risk for developing colorectal, endometrial and other cancers, specialized screening, risk-reducing surgery, and chemoprevention offer promise for reducing morbidity and mortality. Frequent colonoscopic surveillance has proven effective for early detection and prevention of LS-associated colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the optimal strategy for managing endometrial cancer risks [...]

Cet article passe en revue les facteurs à considérer lors de l'élaboration de la règlementation des cigarettes électroniques aux Etats-Unis

The Regulatory Challenge of Electronic Cigarettes

Benowitz Nl, Goniewicz M. L.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems) heat a nicotine solution to generate vapor that is inhaled, without the combustion of tobacco and its toxic constituents. Use of e-cigarettes is increasing in the United States and around the world. Current smokers in the United States report an 11.4% prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes and 4.1% use in past 30 days. They likely pose less direct hazard to the individual smoker than tobacco cigarettes and might help [...]