Cet article fait le point sur les avancées récentes et les perspectives d'avenir concernant les techniques de préservation de la fertilité pour les patients atteints d'un cancer

Fertility preservation strategies for male patients with cancer

Katz, Darren J. ; Kolon, Thomas F. ; Feldman, Darren R. ; Mulhall, John P.

With the increasing number of patients surviving cancer, there is increasing interest in long-term quality of life, especially with respect to cancer-related infertility. Although infertility most commonly occurs as the result of treatment with gonadotoxic agents, it can also manifest before treatment has commenced. Current fertility preservation strategies for the postpubertal male patient with cancer focus on sperm cryopreservation before therapy. Sperm acquisition techniques should be [...]

Mené sur 364 patients atteints d'un cancer, cet essai randomisé multicentrique évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité d'un traitement quotidien à base de ginseng américain (Panax quinquefolius) pour réduire les symptômes de fatigue liés à la maladie

Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to Improve Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial, N07C2

Barton, Debra L. ; Liu, Heshan ; Dakhil, Shaker R. ; Linquist, Breanna ; Sloan, Jeff A. ; Nichols, Craig R. ; McGinn, Travis W. ; Stella, Philip J. ; Seeger, Grant R. ; Sood, Amit ; Loprinzi, Charles L.

Background : Safe, effective interventions to improve cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are needed because it remains a prevalent, distressing, and activity-limiting symptom. Based on pilot data, a phase III trial was developed to evaluate the efficacy of American ginseng on CRF. Methods : A multisite, double-blind trial randomized fatigued cancer survivors to 2000mg of American ginseng vs a placebo for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the general subscale of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom [...]

Menée sur 20 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein opérable et recevant une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante par doxorubicine-cyclophosphamide, cette étude évalue l'effet d'un programme d'interventions comportant des exercices d'aérobic sur la régulation des facteurs angiogéniques circulants et l'évolution du phénotype tumoral

Modulation of Circulating Angiogenic Factors and Tumor Biology by Aerobic Training in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Jones, Lee W. ; Fels, Diane R. ; West, Miranda ; Broadwater, Gloria ; Barry, William T. ; Wilke, Lee G. ; Masko, Elizabeth M. ; Douglas, Pamela ; Dash, Rajesh ; Povsic, Thomas ; Peppercorn, Jeffrey ; Marcom, Kelly ; Blackwell, Kimberly ; Kimmick, Gretchen ; Dewhirst, Mark W.

Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an effective adjunct therapy to attenuate the adverse side-effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early breast cancer. Whether AET interacts with the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy has received scant attention. We conducted a pilot study to explore the effects of AET in combination with neoadjuvant doxorubicin - cyclophosphamide (AC+AET), relative to AC alone, on: (i) host physiology [exercise capacity (VO2peak), brachial artery flow-mediated [...]

A partir des données d'une enquête téléphonique portant sur 16 542 fumeurs réguliers ayant consulté un professionnel de santé, cette étude évalue le taux de patients ayant reçu une aide au sevrage tabagique et analyse les caractéristiques de ces patients

Patient-Reported Recall of Smoking Cessation Interventions from a Health Professional

King, Brian A. ; Dube, Shanta R. ; Babb, Stephen D. ; McAfee, Timothy A.

Objective : To determine the prevalence and characteristics of current cigarette smokers who report receiving health care provider interventions (‘5A’s’: ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) for smoking cessation. Methods : Data came from the 2009–2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a telephone survey of U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years. Among current cigarette smokers who reported visiting a health professional in the past year (n=16,542), estimates were calculated overall and by sex, age, [...]

Menée à partir de l'analyse de prostates prélevées lors d'autopsies, cette étude transversale évalue la prévalence du cancer de la prostate chez 220 hommes russes et 100 hommes japonais dont la mort n'est pas due à cette maladie (âge moyen : 62,5 ans et 68,5 ans)

Prevalence of Prostate Cancer on Autopsy: Cross-Sectional Study on Unscreened Caucasian and Asian Men

Zlotta, Alexandre R. ; Egawa, Shin ; Pushkar, Dmitry ; Govorov, Alexander ; Kimura, Takahiro ; Kido, Masahito ; Takahashi, Hiroyuki ; Kuk, Cynthia ; Kovylina, Marta ; Aldaoud, Najla ; Fleshner, Neil ; Finelli, Antonio ; Klotz, Laurence ; Sykes, Jenna ; Lockwood, Gina ; van der Kwast, Theodorus H.

Background : Substantial geographical differences in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality exist, being lower among Asian (ASI) men compared with Caucasian (CAU) men. We prospectively compared PCa prevalence in CAU and ASI men from specific populations with low penetrance of prostate-specific antigen screening. Methods : Prostate glands were prospectively obtained during autopsy from men who died from causes other than PCa in Moscow, Russia (CAU), and Tokyo, Japan (ASI). Prostates were [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en janvier 2013 (7 études prospectives de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'effet de la pratique d'une activité physique, avant et/ou après le diagnostic d'un cancer colorectal, sur la mortalité spécifique et la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Association between physical activity and mortality in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Je, Youjin ; Jeon, Justin Y. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.

Several prospective cohort studies have examined the association between prediagnosis and/or postdiagnosis physical activity (PA) on colorectal cancer outcomes and reported conflicting results. To quantitatively assess this association, we have conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Databases and reference lists of relevant studies were searched using MEDLINE and EMBASE up to January 2013. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using [...]

Menée au Costa Rica auprès de deux cohortes incluant au total 9 128 participantes, cette étude évalue l'impact d'une vaccination contre une infection par le papillomavirus humain chez les jeunes femmes âgées de 18 à 25 ans sur le taux d'anomalies cytologiques détectées, le taux cumulé sur 4 ans des prescriptions de colposcopies et le taux de traitements

Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Cervical Cytology Screening, Colposcopy, and Treatment

Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia ; Solomon, Diane ; Herrero, Rolando ; Hildesheim, Allan ; González, Paula ; Wacholder, Sholom ; Porras, Carolina ; Jiménez, Silvia ; Schiffman, Mark ; for the CVT Group

The impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on cervical screening, colposcopy, and treatment is incompletely understood. In 2004–2005, investigators in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial randomized 7,466 women aged 18–25 years, 1:1, to receive HPV vaccination or hepatitis A vaccination. The worst-ever cytology diagnosis and the 4-year cumulative proportions of colposcopy referral and treatment by vaccination arm were compared for 2 cohorts. The total vaccinated cohort included 6,844 women [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 32 989 hommes et 63 894 femmes âgés de 40 à 79 ans (durée de suivi : 15 ans), cette étude japonaise montre une association entre la durée du tabagisme et la mortalité par cancer oropharyngé

Duration of cigarette smoking is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer mortality among Japanese men and women: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study (IPHS)

Saito, Nobue ; Sairenchi, Toshimi ; Irie, Fujiko ; Iso, Hiroyasu ; Iimura, Kyoko ; Watanabe, Hiroshi ; Muto, Takashi ; Ota, Hitoshi

The relationship between duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of oropharyngeal cancer has not been studied in the general Japanese population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of oropharyngeal cancer mortality in the Japanese population. In this large cohort study, 32,989 men and 63,894 women, ages 40–79 years, who completed health check-ups in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, in 1993 were followed through [...]

Menée à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1993 et 2011 (29 articles), cette méta-synthèse identifie six thèmes principaux pouvant servir de cadre pour les travaux de recherche sur l'amélioration du vécu psychologique des patients atteints d'un cancer de la tête et du cou

The psychological experience of living with head and neck cancer : a systematic review and meta-synthesis

Lang, Heidi ; France, Emma ; Williams, Brian ; Humphris, Gerry ; Wells, Mary

Objective : To summarise patients' experiences of head and neck cancer (HNC) by examining the findings of existing qualitative studies Methods : We undertook a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in 29 published articles using Noblit and Hare's ‘meta-ethnography’ approach to synthesise findings. The inclusion criteria were primary qualitative studies, focusing on HNC patients' experience and an English abstract. Seven databases were systematically searched. Results : The [...]

A partir d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude canadienne évalue le rapport coût-efficacité d'un programme annuel de dépistage du cancer du sein comportant un examen IRM et une mammographie pour les femmes porteuses d'une mutation BRCA1 ou BRCA2

Cost-effectiveness of MRI for breast cancer screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

Pataky, Reka ; Armstrong, Linlea ; Chia, Stephen ; Coldman, Andrew ; Kim-Sing, Charmaine ; McGillivray, Barbara ; Scott, Jenna ; Wilson, Christine ; Peacock, Stuart

Background : Women with mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at high risk of developing breast cancer and, in British Columbia, Canada, are offered screening with both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography to facilitate early detection. MRI is more sensitive than mammography but is more costly and produces more false positive results. The purpose of this study was to calculate the cost-effectiveness of MRI screening for breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in a Canadian setting. [...]

A partir d'une enquête auprès de 622 jeunes âgés entre 13 et 16 ans lors du décès par cancer d'un parent, cette étude évalue, en fonction de l'information médicale reçue, leur niveau de confiance vis-à-vis des soins prodigués dans la dernière semaine de vie

Communication and Trust in the Care Provided to a Dying Parent : A Nationwide Study of Cancer-Bereaved Youths

Grenklo, Tove Bylund ; Kreicbergs, Ulrika C. ; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A. ; Nyberg, Tommy ; Steineck, Gunnar ; Fürst, Carl Johan

Purpose : To assess children’s trust in the care provided to a dying parent during the final week of life in relation to end-of-life medical information about disease, treatment, and death. Methods : This nationwide population-based survey included 622 (73%) of 851 youths who, 6 to 9 years earlier, at age 13 to 16 years, lost a parent to cancer. We asked about the children’s reception of end-of-life professional information and trust in the care provided. We also asked about depression and [...]