Mené sur 493 adultes hospitalisés ayant une pratique tabagique ou ayant arrêté de fumer récemment, cet essai randomisé contrôlé évalue l'efficacité d'un programme de sevrage tabagique comportant un soutien comportemental, une pharmacothérapie durant le séjour hospitalier, puis un suivi et une orientation vers des services communautaires après la sortie de l'hôpital

Systematic identification and treatment of smokers by hospital based cessation practitioners in a secondary care setting: cluster randomised controlled trial

R L Murray ; J Leonardi-Bee ; J Marsh ; L Jayes ; J Li ; S Parrott ; J Britton

Objectives : To investigate the effectiveness of the systematic default provision of smoking cessation support to all adult smokers admitted to hospital, relative to usual care. Design : Open, cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting : Acute medical wards in one large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Participants : 264 patients randomised to intervention and 229 to usual care; primary outcome data were available at four weeks for 260 and 224 patients, respectively. All adult smokers [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne, cette étude évalue la proportion de patients continuant à pratiquer le bronzage en cabine après le diagnostic d'un carcinome basocellulaire avant l'âge de 40 ans (178 cas) ainsi que les symptômes d'addiction à cette pratique

Indoor tanning and tanning dependence in young people after a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma

Cartmel B, Ferrucci L. M. Spain P. ; et al.,

Individuals who have had basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are at high risk of subsequent BCCs and melanoma.1 Indoor tanning is an established risk factor for BCC, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.2 As such, continuing to tan indoors after a BCC diagnosis may elevate one’s risk for future skin cancers. Skin cancer survivors have sun protection behaviors that are similar to those of the general population,3 but little is known about their indoor tanning behavior. Notably, research suggests that [...]

Mené entre 1997 et 2010 auprès de 177 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate à risque élevé de récidive après prostatectomie radicale, cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation quotidienne en protéine de soja, pendant deux ans, sur le taux de récidive biochimique

Effect of Soy Protein Isolate Supplementation on Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy : A Randomized Trial

Bosland Mc, Kato I. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. ; et al.,

Importance : Soy consumption has been suggested to reduce risk or recurrence of prostate cancer, but this has not been tested in a randomized trial with prostate cancer as the end point. Objective : To determine whether daily consumption of a soy protein isolate supplement for 2 years reduces the rate of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy or delays such recurrence. Design, Setting, and Participants : Randomized, double-blind trial conducted from July 1997 to [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de cancer mammaire, cette étude montre qu'une supplémentation en sélénium peut avoir un effet sur la croissance tumorale et le développement de métastases

Dietary selenium supplementation modifies breast tumor growth and metastasis

Chen, Yu-Chi ; Prabhu, K. Sandeep ; Das, Arunangshu ; Mastro, Andrea M.

The survival rate for breast cancer drops dramatically once the disease progresses to the metastatic stage. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient credited with having high anticancer and chemopreventive properties. In our study, we investigated if dietary Se supplementation modified breast cancer development in vivo. Three diets supplemented with sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid (MSA) or selenomethionine (SeMet), as well as a Se-deficient and a Se-adequate diet were fed to mice [...]

Menée à partir de données d'un registre britannique portant sur 3 819 patients atteints d'un cancer de l'œsophage diagnostiqué entre 1994 et 2010 et 38 190 témoins (âge : 40 à 89 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la metformine, un antidiabétique oral, et le risque de développer la maladie

Case–control analysis on metformin and cancer of the esophagus

Becker, Claudia ; Meier, ChristophR ; Jick, SusanS ; Bodmer, Michael

Purpose : Metformin use has been associated with decreased cancer risks, though data on esophageal cancer are scarce. We explored the relation between use of metformin or other anti-diabetic drugs and the risk of esophageal cancer. Methods : We conducted a case–control analysis in the UK-based general practice research database (GPRD, now clinical practice research datalink, CPRD). Cases were individuals with an incident diagnosis of esophageal cancer between 1994 and 2010 at age 40–89 years. [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin traité par l'azoxyméthane (un agent carcinogène) puis exposé au dextran sulfate de sodium (un irritant colique), cette étude montre que l'isorhamnétine, un composé flavonoïde d'origine végétale, a un effet chimiopréventif sur la carcinogenèse du côlon en inhibant l'activité oncogène de Src et la translocation nucléaire de la

Chemopreventive activity of plant flavonoid isorhamnetin in colorectal cancer is mediated by oncogenic Src and β-catenin

Saud, Shakir M ; Young, Matthew R ; Jones-Hall, Yava L ; Ileva, Lilia ; Evbuomwan, Moses O ; Wise, Jennifer ; Colburn, Nancy H ; Kim, Young S. ; Bobe, Gerd

Analysis of the Polyp Prevention Trial showed an association between isorhamnetin-rich diet and a reduced risk of advanced adenoma recurrence; however, the mechanism of isorhamnetin's chemoprotective effects remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that isorhamnetin prevents colorectal tumorigenesis of FVB/N mice treated with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and subsequently exposed to colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Dietary isorhamnetin decreased mortality, tumor number, [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre juin 2007 et juin 2012 (19 articles), cet article met à jour les recommandations 2009 de l'ASCO concernant l'utilisation de 6 médicaments (tamoxifène, raloxifène, arzoxifène, lasofoxifène, exemestane et anastrozole) pour réduire le risque de cancer du sein

Use of Pharmacologic Interventions for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline

Kala Visvanathan ; Patricia Hurley ; Elissa Bantug ; Powel Brown ; Nananda F. Col ; Jack Cuzick ; Nancy E. Davidson ; Andrea DeCensi ; Carol Fabian ; Leslie Ford ; Judy Garber ; Maria Katapodi ; Barnett Kramer ; Monica Morrow ; Barbara Parker ; Carolyn Runowicz ; Victor G. Vogel III ; James L. Wade ; Scott M. Lippman

Purpose : To update the 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer (BC) risk reduction. Methods : A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses published from June 2007 through June 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration Library. Primary outcome of interest was BC incidence (invasive and noninvasive). Secondary outcomes included BC mortality, adverse events, and net health benefits. Guideline [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin transgénique, cette étude montre une altération du métabolisme des cellules cancéreuses après administration intra-péritonéale de la withaférine A (une molécule extraite de la plante d'origine indienne Withania somnifera) pour prévenir un cancer mammaire

Metabolic Alterations in Mammary Cancer Prevention by Withaferin A in a Clinically Relevant Mouse Model

Hahm, Eun-Ryeong ; Lee, Joomin ; Kim, Su-Hyeong ; Sehrawat, Anuradha ; Arlotti, Julie A. ; Shiva, Sruti S. ; Bhargava, Rohit ; Singh, Shivendra V.

Background : Efficacy of withaferin A (WA), an Ayurvedic medicine constituent, for prevention of mammary cancer and its associated mechanisms were investigated using mouse mammary tumor virus–neu (MMTV-neu) transgenic model. Methods : Incidence and burden of mammary cancer and pulmonary metastasis were scored in female MMTV-neu mice after 28 weeks of intraperitoneal administration with 100 µg WA (three times/week) (n = 32) or vehicle (n = 29). Mechanisms underlying mammary cancer prevention by [...]

Cet article présente les 12 recommandations, élaborées en 2011 lors d'un congrès du réseau "Cervical Cancer-Free America" réunissant plus de 120 experts, pour réduire l'incidence du cancer du col de l'utérus aux Etats-Unis

Recommendations for a national agenda to substantially reduce cervical cancer

Smith, JenniferS ; Brewer, NoelT ; Saslow, Debbie ; Alexander, Kenneth ; Chernofsky, MildredR ; Crosby, Richard ; Derting, Libby ; Devlin, Leah ; Dunton, CharlesJ ; Engle, Jeffrey ; Fernandez, Maria ; Fouad, Mona ; Huh, Warner ; Kinney, Walter ; Pierce, Jennifer ; Rios, Elena ; Rothholz, MitchelC ; Shlay, JudithC ; Shedd-Steele, Rivienne ; Vernon, SallyW ; Walker, Joan ; Wynn, Theresa ; Zimet, GregoryD ; Casey, BarettaR

Purpose : Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and new HPV screening tests, combined with traditional Pap test screening, provide an unprecedented opportunity to greatly reduce cervical cancer in the USA. Despite these advances, thousands of women continue to be diagnosed with and die of this highly preventable disease each year. This paper describes the initiatives and recommendations of national cervical cancer experts toward preventing and possibly eliminating this disease. [...]