Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 3 405 patientes atteintes d'un cancer invasif du sein, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamine C avant ou après le diagnostic de la maladie et la survie des patientes

Vitamin C intake and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of Swedish women

Harris, H. R. ; Bergkvist, L. ; Wolk, A.

Background : Vitamin C may influence cancer progression through its antioxidant properties. However, the evidence from observational epidemiologic studies on vitamin C intake and survival following breast cancer diagnosis is not consistent, and the safety of vitamin C supplements following breast cancer diagnosis has not been extensively studied. Methods : Using a food-frequency questionnaire we investigated whether vitamin C intake was associated with survival among 3 405 women diagnosed with [...]

Menée sur des rats exposés à la diéthylnitrosamine, cette étude montre que des nanocapsules polymériques chargées en ginkgolide B peuvent protéger les mitochondries hépatiques contre les dérivés réactifs de l'oxygène induits par les agents chimiques et prévenir ainsi la carcinogenèse du foie

Mitochondria protection with ginkgolide B-loaded polymeric nanocapsules prevents diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats

Ghosh, S. ; Dungdung, S. R. ; Choudhury, S. T. ; Chakraborty, S. ; Das, N.

Aim : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has no successful pharmacotherapeutic remedy. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether ginkgolide B (GB)-loaded polymeric nanocapsules can prevent diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in rats. Materials & methods : GB was fabricated in two types of nanocapsules of which one was polyethylene glycol coated (N1GB) and the other was uncoated (N2GB). These nanocapsules were orally gavaged during DEN-induced HCC development in rats. Results : Nanocapsulation [...]

Cet article résume les connaissances actuelles en matière de chimioprévention des cancers (valeur potentielle de la chimioprévention, agents et biomarqueurs, protocoles et résultats d'essais, développements futurs)

Cancer chemoprevention : a rapidly evolving field

Steward, W. P. ; Brown, K.

Cancer chemoprevention involves the chronic administration of a synthetic, natural or biological agent to reduce or delay the occurrence of malignancy. The potential value of this approach has been demonstrated with trials in breast, prostate and colon cancer. The paradigm for developing new chemopreventive agents has changed markedly in the last decade and now involves extensive preclinical mechanistic evaluation of agents before clinical trials are instituted and a focus on defining [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1990 et 2012 (55 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'effet préventif de contraceptifs oraux sur le risque de cancer de l'ovaire

Oral Contraceptive Pills as Primary Prevention for Ovarian Cancer : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Havrilesky, L. J. ; Moorman, P. G. ; Lowery, W. J. ; Gierisch, J. M. ; Coeytaux, R. R. ; Urrutia, R. P. ; Dinan, M. ; McBroom, A. J. ; Hasselblad, V. ; Sanders, G. D. ; Myers, E. R.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the overall reduction in ovarian cancer risk associated with the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and whether reduction in risk is affected by specifics of OCP use, such as formulation or duration of use. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published from January 1990 to June 2012, with primary analysis of studies published since January 2000. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les agents pouvant prévenir le risque de cancer de la prostate chez les hommes d'origine africaine

Prostate cancer chemoprevention in men of African descent: current state of the art and opportunities for future research

Chornokur, G. ; Kumar, N. B.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. However, African American/Black men are 60 % more likely to be diagnosed with and 2.4 times more likely to die from prostate cancer, compared to Non-Hispanic White men. Despite the increased burden of this malignancy, no evidence-based recommendation regarding prostate cancer screening exists for the high-risk population. Moreover, in addition to screening and detection, African American men may constitute a prime population [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre qu'une délétion du gène de la 11-

Epithelial 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II deletion inhibits Apc+/min mouse tumorigenesis via COX-2 pathway inhibition and induction of G1 cell cycle arrest

Jiang, Li ; Yang, Shilin ; Yin, Huiyong ; Fan, Xiaofeng ; Wang, Suwan ; Yao, Bing ; Pozzi, Ambra ; Chen, Xiaoping ; Harris, Raymond C. ; Zhang, Ming-Zhi

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes colorectal tumorigenesis. Glucocorticoids are endogenous and potent COX-2 inhibitors, and their local actions are down-regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11ßbetaHSD2)-mediated metabolism. We previously reported that 11betaHSD2 increased in human colonic and Apc+/min mouse intestinal adenomas and correlated with increased COX-2 expression and activity, and 11betaHSD2 inhibition suppressed the COX-2 pathway [...]

Cet article passe en revue les essais cliniques évaluant l'efficacité et la toxicité de vaccins bivalents ou quadrivalents contre une infection par le papillomavirus humain pour réduire le risque de lésions précancéreuses associées au virus

Clinical trials of human papillomavirus vaccines and beyond

Lehtinen, Matti ; Dillner, Joakim

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infectious agent; its 14 oncogenic types are causally associated with 5–10% of all cancers. The major structural HPV protein self-assembles into immunogenic virus-like particles. Two licensed HPV vaccines—the bivalent vaccine comprising HPV types 16 and 18, and the quadrivalent vaccine comprising HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18—have proven to be safe and efficacious against 6-month-persistent cervical infections of HPV16 and HPV18 [...]